Prepositions after estimate

Estimate at, by, for, from or in?

Estimate can combine with several prepositions, but each has a different meaning and grammar pattern.

Quick answer

Which preposition goes with estimate?

Use estimate at for amounts or values, estimate by for methods or measurements, estimate for for a planned cost or service, estimate from for sources of information, and estimate in mainly for judging skill or character in someone.

The damage was estimated at $2 million.
We estimated the height by eye.
They requested an estimate for the repairs.
Scientists estimated the age from the fossils.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
estimate at + amount/value

Giving a numerical value

At is commonly used for prices, totals, sizes, and quantities.

The project was estimated at €500,000.
Attendance is estimated at 8,000 people.
2
estimate by + method

Explaining how something is estimated

By introduces the method or basis used for estimating.

The mechanic estimated the speed by the tyre marks.
You can estimate the distance by comparing the maps.
3
estimate for + purpose/service

Giving a projected cost or plan

Estimate for often refers to a quotation or expected expense.

We asked for an estimate for the kitchen renovation.
She prepared an estimate for next year's budget.
4
estimate from + source

Using evidence or data as a source

From introduces the information used to form the estimate.

Experts estimated the population from satellite images.
The date was estimated from historical records.
5
estimate in + person

Judging qualities in someone

In can appear when talking about qualities seen in a person, but this use is less common.

I underestimated the determination in her.
They estimated great potential in the young player.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
estimate at
The losses were estimated at $10,000.
Used for numerical amounts or values.
estimate by
The inspector estimated the age by its condition.
Used for method or basis.
estimate for
They received an estimate for the repairs.
Used for projected costs or services.
estimate from
Researchers estimated the figure from survey data.
Used for information sources.
estimate in
She saw leadership potential in him.
In introduces the person who has the quality being judged.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using at for methods

At is for values, not techniques.

✕ They estimated the distance at comparing the maps. ✓ They estimated the distance by comparing the maps.

Confusing estimate for with estimate at

For introduces the purpose or service; at gives the amount.

✕ The repairs were estimated for $3,000. ✓ The repairs were estimated at $3,000.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The event is estimated ___ 20,000 visitors.
2. Scientists estimated the temperature ___ ice-core samples.
3. We asked the builder for an estimate ___ the extension.

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Frequently asked questions

Which preposition is most common with numbers?

At is the standard choice for estimated amounts and values.

Can estimate by describe a method?

Yes. Estimate by is used when explaining how the estimate was made.

Is estimate in common?

It is less common and usually appears when talking about qualities seen in a person.

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