Prepositions after verbs

Analyze by, for, or in?

Analyze commonly takes direct objects, but different prepositions can appear to show method, purpose, field, or location.

Quick answer

Which prepositions work with analyze?

Use analyze by to describe a method or criterion, and analyze for when checking for a substance, feature, or purpose. Analyze in is uncommon as a fixed combination, but in can introduce a field or context such as a language or discipline.

The samples were analyzed for traces of lead.
Researchers analyzed by age group and income level.
The issue was analyzed in detail in the final chapter.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
analyze by + method/criterion

Showing how something is analyzed

Use by to explain the system, category, or method used in the analysis.

The data was analyzed by region.
Patients were analyzed by risk level.
2
analyze for + substance/feature

Testing or searching for something

Use for when examining something to detect a substance, condition, or quality.

The lab analyzed for bacteria.
Engineers analyzed for structural weaknesses.
3
analyze in + field/context

Giving the context of analysis

In is not usually selected by analyze itself. It often introduces the area, language, or context where the analysis appears.

The poem was analyzed in class.
The trend was analyzed in economic terms.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
analyze by
The survey results were analyzed by department.
shows the grouping or method used for analysis
analyze for
The technician analyzed the water for chemicals.
shows what the analysis is trying to detect
analyze in
The topic was analyzed in detail.
in introduces context or manner, not a fixed verb-preposition combination
analyze with
Scientists analyzed the images with special software.
shows the tool used for analysis

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using in as the main preposition after analyze

Analyze usually takes a direct object or uses by or for for specific meanings.

✕ We analyzed in customer behaviour. ✓ We analyzed customer behaviour.

Using for instead of by for categories

Use by when dividing data into groups.

✕ The results were analyzed for age. ✓ The results were analyzed by age.

Forgetting the object after analyze

Analyze normally needs an object.

✕ The team analyzed for several hours. ✓ The team analyzed the results for several hours.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The blood samples were analyzed ___ infection.
2. The statistics were analyzed ___ gender and age.
3. The case was analyzed ___ detail in the report.

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Frequently asked questions

Can analyze be used without a preposition?

Yes. Analyze often takes a direct object, as in analyze the data.

Is analyze in correct?

Sometimes. In usually introduces context or manner, not a fixed combination with analyze.

What is the difference between analyze by and analyze for?

Analyze by shows the method or category, while analyze for shows what is being tested or searched for.

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