Preposition after verb

How to use “envisage” correctly

Envisage means “imagine,” “expect,” or “consider as possible.” It usually takes a direct object without a fixed preposition.

Quick answer

Do we say “envisage in” or “envisage by”?

Envisage is normally followed directly by a noun, clause, or -ing form: envisage changes, envisage doing something. In and by are not standard fixed prepositions after envisage, although they may appear separately in a sentence.

envisage major reforms
envisage working abroad for a few years.
She could not envisage a future in that company.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
envisage + object

Imagining or expecting something

Use envisage directly with a plan, situation, change, or result.

The proposal envisages significant investment in transport.
We envisage a different outcome this year.
2
envisage + -ing

Imagining an activity

An -ing form is common after envisage.

She envisages studying overseas next year.
They do not envisage moving before winter.
3
envisage + wh-clause

Considering how or what may happen

Envisage can introduce clauses with how, what, or whether.

It is hard to envisage how the system will work in practice.
Nobody envisaged what would happen next.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
envisage + object
The committee envisages rapid growth.
Standard and most common structure.
envisage + -ing
I envisage working remotely in the future.
Used for imagined activities or plans.
envisage in + place/context
She envisaged a future in Europe.
In belongs to the noun phrase or context, not to the verb itself.
envisage by
The result was achieved by careful planning.
By is not a normal fixed preposition after envisage; it may appear elsewhere in the sentence for method or agency.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding “in” directly after envisage

Envisage usually takes a direct object first.

✕ They envisaged in major changes. ✓ They envisaged major changes.

Using “by” as a fixed partner of envisage

By does not normally follow envisage directly.

✕ She envisaged by new technology. ✓ She envisaged new technology transforming the industry.

Using an infinitive after envisage

Use an -ing form, not to + verb.

✕ I envisage to work abroad. ✓ I envisage working abroad.

Leaving out the object

Envisage usually needs something that is imagined or expected.

✓ We envisage further improvements next year.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The company envisages ___ into new markets.
2. She could not envisage ___ future in the city.
3. It is difficult to envisage ___ the plan will succeed.

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Frequently asked questions

Is “envisage in” correct?

Usually no as a fixed verb pattern. In may appear later in the sentence as part of another phrase, such as “a future in Europe.”

Can “envisage” be followed by an infinitive?

Normally no. English usually uses an -ing form after envisage: “envisage working abroad.”

Is “envisage by” standard English?

No fixed pattern with by is standard after envisage. By may still appear elsewhere in the sentence with its normal meanings.

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