Preposition after verb

Enact: use with and without prepositions

Enact is usually a transitive verb followed directly by a law, rule, or role. 'By' and 'in' are normally part of passive structures or separate time and place phrases, not fixed combinations with enact.

Quick answer

Is it 'enact by' or 'enact in'?

The verb enact normally takes a direct object: enact a law, enact reforms, enact a policy. 'By' is common in passive sentences such as 'The law was enacted by Congress'. 'In' can introduce a place or time adjunct, as in 'The reforms were enacted in 2024'. Neither 'enact by' nor 'enact in' is a standard fixed verb-preposition combination.

The government enacted new safety regulations last year.
The bill was enacted by Parliament after months of debate.
Several tax changes were enacted in 2023.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
enact + law/policy

Passing laws or official measures

Use enact directly before the law, regulation, policy, or reform being introduced officially.

The city council enacted stricter parking rules.
Congress enacted new trade measures in June.
2
be enacted by + authority

Naming the authority that passed something

In passive sentences, use by to identify the body or group responsible for enacting the measure.

The legislation was enacted by the state assembly.
The reform package was enacted by the coalition government.
3
enact + role/scene

Performing or acting out something

Enact can also mean perform or represent dramatically.

Students enacted a courtroom scene for the class.
The actor enacted the final confrontation convincingly.
4
enacted in + time/place

Adding time or place information

In introduces a separate adjunct showing when or where something was enacted, not a fixed verb-preposition pattern.

The regulation was enacted in Canada.
The measure was enacted in 2022.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
enact + object
The senate enacted new election rules.
Standard use of enact with a direct object.
be enacted by + authority
The law was enacted by Parliament.
Passive structure naming who enacted the law.
enacted in + time/place
The policy was enacted in 2021.
In introduces time or place information.
enact by + method
The committee enacted the changes by unanimous vote.
Here by introduces manner or method, not a fixed combination with enact.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding an unnecessary preposition after enact

Enact usually takes a direct object without a preposition.

✕ The government enacted on a new law. ✓ The government enacted a new law.

Confusing active and passive structure

Use by after enacted mainly in passive sentences.

✕ Parliament enacted by the reform package. ✓ Parliament enacted the reform package.

Treating 'enact in' as a fixed phrase

In usually adds time or place information.

✕ The committee enacted in new rules. ✓ The committee enacted new rules.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The council enacted ___ new housing regulations.
2. The bill was enacted ___ Congress.
3. Several reforms were enacted ___ 2024.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I say 'enact by'?

Only in certain sentence structures. Most often, by appears in passive sentences such as 'The law was enacted by Parliament'.

Is 'enact in' correct?

Yes, when in introduces time or place information, as in 'enacted in 2023' or 'enacted in France'.

What objects can follow enact?

Common objects include law, bill, regulation, reform, policy, and measure.

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