Prepositions after verbs

State in, by, on, at or to?

State is usually followed by a direct object or by prepositions such as in or to depending on the context.

Quick answer

Which preposition is used with state?

Use state in when referring to a document or language, and state to when giving information to someone. By often introduces the speaker or method. On and at are usually separate time or place adjuncts, not fixed patterns after state.

The rules are stated in the contract.
She stated to reporters that she would resign.
The decision was stated by the committee chair.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
state + object

Giving information directly

State commonly takes a direct object without a preposition.

He stated his opinion clearly.
The report stated the main risks.
2
state in + document/language

Showing where something is written or expressed

Use in for documents, texts, or languages.

The policy is stated in section three.
The warning was stated in plain English.
3
state to + person

Giving information to someone

Use to when identifying the listener or reader.

She stated to the court that she was innocent.
The witness stated to police that he saw the car.
4
stated by + source

Identifying who made the statement

By introduces the speaker, writer, or authority.

The figures were stated by the finance minister.
The terms are stated by the manufacturer.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
state in
The details are stated in the report.
Standard for showing where information appears.
state by
The rule was stated by the instructor.
Used in passive structures to identify the source.
state on
She stated her views on climate policy.
On usually introduces a topic, not a fixed preposition after state.
state at
He stated the facts at the meeting.
At is usually a place or event adjunct, not a selected preposition.
state to
The CEO stated to investors that profits would rise.
Standard when naming the listener.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding an unnecessary preposition

State often takes a direct object without a preposition.

✕ She stated about the problem. ✓ She stated the problem clearly.

Confusing topic and listener

Use on for topics and to for listeners.

✕ He stated on the manager that sales were falling. ✓ He stated to the manager that sales were falling.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The changes are clearly stated ___ the manual.
2. She stated ___ the judge that she had proof.
3. The policy was stated ___ the company director.

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Frequently asked questions

Can state be used without a preposition?

Yes. State commonly takes a direct object, as in state a fact or state an opinion.

Is state on correct?

On is natural when introducing a topic, as in state views on education. It is not a fixed pattern selected by state.

When do we use state to?

Use state to when you mention the person receiving the information.

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