Prepositions after verbs

Judge by or judge from?

Judge by is the more common pattern for the basis of an opinion. Judge from is also possible when drawing a conclusion from evidence.

Quick answer

How to use judge with prepositions

Use judge by for the standard basis of a judgement. Judge from is also used when making an inference from information or appearance.

You should not judge by appearances.
Judging from his accent, he is Australian.
We can judge by the results alone.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
judge by + evidence

Giving the basis for a judgement

Judge by introduces the standard or evidence used for evaluation.

Do not judge by first impressions.
The panel will judge by performance.
2
judge from + information

Drawing a conclusion

Judge from is used when inferring something from available signs or facts.

I judge from her reaction that she disagreed.
3
judging by + noun

Commenting on evidence

Judging by is a common introductory phrase.

Judging by the traffic, we will be late.
4
judging from + noun

Inferring from signs or clues

Judging from is also idiomatic and close in meaning to judging by.

Judging from the forecast, it may snow tonight.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
judge by
They judged the work by its quality.
Use a standard or basis for evaluation.
judge from
I judged from his tone that he was upset.
Infer something from clues or evidence.
judging by
Judging by the queue, the event is popular.
Common introductory phrase for conclusions.
judging from
Judging from the map, the route is long.
Similar to judging by, often slightly more inferential.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using by when making an inference clause

Judge from often sounds more natural before a full conclusion clause.

✕ I judged by her answer that she knew him. ✓ I judged from her answer that she knew him.

Omitting the object after judge by

Judge by normally needs a standard or evidence.

✕ They judged by. ✓ They judged by the final report.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. Do not judge people ___ appearances.
2. I judged ___ his expression that he was worried.
3. ___ the weather, we should stay inside.

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Frequently asked questions

Which is more common: judge by or judge from?

Judge by is generally the more standard and frequent pattern for evaluation.

Can judging by and judging from both be used?

Yes. Both are idiomatic and often interchangeable.

Is judge from formal?

It is standard English and often appears in careful or descriptive writing.

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