Year-on-year compares a figure with the same period in the previous year. It is commonly used in business, finance, and statistics.
Year-on-year commonly appears before a noun or after a verb such as increase or fall. Phrases like in year-on-year terms are also standard. Year-on-year to is only used when to belongs to a following number or result, not to year-on-year itself.
These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.
Use year-on-year before a noun to compare with the same period in the previous year.
After verbs such as rise, grow, fall, or decline, year on year describes the type of comparison.
In year-on-year terms is a fixed expression used in formal reports and analysis.
In phrases such as rose year on year to 5%, the word to belongs to the result or final amount, not to year on year itself.
The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.
Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.
Year in year is not the normal expression for annual statistical comparison.
✕ Sales increased year in year. ✓ Sales increased year on year.To usually belongs to the following number or result.
✕ The report showed year-on-year to 4%. ✓ The report showed growth year on year to 4%.Use hyphens when year-on-year comes before a noun.
✕ year on year growth ✓ year-on-year growthChoose the expression that matches the intended meaning.
Paste the complete sentence below. Linguix checks the preposition together with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style.
Yes. Year-on-year is more common in British English, while year over year is common in American business English.
Use hyphens before a noun, as in year-on-year growth. Without a following noun, many writers use year on year.
Only if to introduces the final result, as in sales rose year on year to 5%.
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