Prepositions after adjectives

Handmade by or handmade in?

Use handmade by to name the maker and handmade in to name the place where something was made.

Quick answer

How to use handmade with by and in

Handmade by introduces the person, company, or group that created an item. Handmade in introduces the country, city, or place where it was made.

The scarf was handmade by local artists.
These shoes are handmade in Italy.
The bowl was handmade by my grandmother.
The furniture is handmade in a small workshop in Kyoto.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
handmade by + person/company

Naming the maker

Use handmade by to identify who created the item.

Each necklace is handmade by skilled jewellers.
The toys were handmade by a local family business.
2
handmade in + place

Naming the place of production

Use handmade in to show the country, city, region, or workshop where something was made.

The bags are handmade in Spain.
This pottery is handmade in a village studio.
3
handmade from + material

Showing the material used

Use handmade from to mention the source material.

The frame is handmade from recycled wood.
The soap was handmade from natural oils.
4
handmade with + tool/material

Describing tools or ingredients

Use handmade with to mention what was used during creation.

The paper is handmade with traditional tools.
The chocolates are handmade with organic cocoa.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
handmade by
The jackets are handmade by experienced tailors.
Identifies the maker or creator.
handmade in
The watches are handmade in Switzerland.
Identifies the place of production.
handmade from
The basket is handmade from bamboo.
Identifies the material used.
handmade with
The candles are handmade with soy wax.
Identifies tools, ingredients, or methods.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using by for a place

By introduces a creator, not a location.

✕ The table is handmade by Italy. ✓ The table is handmade in Italy.

Using in for a person

In introduces a place, not a maker.

✕ The ring was handmade in a local artist. ✓ The ring was handmade by a local artist.

Confusing from and with

From usually names the source material, while with often names tools or ingredients.

✕ The chair is handmade with oak wood. ✓ The chair is handmade from oak wood.

Leaving out the noun after by

By should be followed by a person, group, or company.

✕ These products are handmade by. ✓ These products are handmade by local craftspeople.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. These boots are ___ skilled leatherworkers.
2. The glassware is ___ Poland.
3. The sculpture was ___ recycled metal.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I say handmade at?

Not usually for makers or places of origin. Handmade by and handmade in are the standard choices.

Is handmade by a company correct?

Yes. You can say handmade by a company, brand, workshop, or group.

Can handmade in refer to a workshop instead of a country?

Yes. It can refer to any place, such as a city, studio, or workshop.

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