How To Use Hypoglossal In A Sentence
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They accomplish this coordination with proprioceptive feedback through the hypoglossal nerve that disinhibits activation of the jaw depressors when the tongue protractor muscle is activated.
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Hypoglossal motoneurons, whose activity determines the position, shape, and stiffness of the tongue, are the principle focus for basic research aimed at understanding control of upper airway function.
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In the hind-brain the cerebellum is a mere band of tissue without lateral lobes or flocculi, and the medulla gives origin only to nerves four to ten; there is no eleventh nerve, and the hypoglossal is the first spinal -- from which it has been assumed that the rabbit's medulla equals that of the frog, plus a portion of the spinal cord incorporated with it.
Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata
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XII., the hypoglossal, runs out of the skull by the condylar foramen (c.f.), is motor, crosses the roots of XI.,
Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata
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Three nerves (the optic, the abducens, and the hypoglossal) seem to be particularly prone to radiation injury that results in radiation neuritis.
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Exogenous serotonin at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) stimulates genioglossus (GG) muscle activity.
Vytorin: Dis-Enhance-d | The Blog of Michael R. Eades, M.D.
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These filaments join to form the descendens cervicalis, which passes downward on the lateral side of the internal jugular vein, crosses in front of the vein a little below the middle of the neck, and forms a loop (ansa hypoglossi) with the descending ramus of the hypoglossal in front of the sheath of the carotid vessels (see page 916).
IX. Neurology. 6b. The Anterior Divisions
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The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein), a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual; generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus, and joins the common facial.
VII. The Veins. 3b. 2. The Veins of the Neck
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From the first two nerves the branch joins the hypoglossal trunk, runs with it some distance, and sends off a branch to the Thyreohyoideus; it then leaves the hypoglossal to form the descendens hypoglossi and unites with the communicantes cervicalis from the second and third cervical nerves to form the ansa hypoglossi from which nerves pass to the other Infrahyoid muscles.
IV. Myology. 5c. The Supra- and Infrahyoid Muscles
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If we could not find a unique single motor unit potential on the same side, the ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve was sectioned, and that half of the muscle became silent.
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Liu H, Horner RL (2005) Opposing muscarinic and nicotinic modulation of hypoglossal motor output to genioglossus muscle in rats in vivo.
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The system, developed by the U.S. -based company Apnex, targets the hypoglossal nerve which controls the genioglossus muscle in the tongue.
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Below the mandible it receives the submental, palatine, and submaxillary veins, and, generally, the vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve.
VII. The Veins. 3b. The Veins of the Head and Neck
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To the former set belong the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, and hypoglossal nerves; to the latter, the accessory and the motor fibers of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus nerves (Figs. 659, 660).
IX. Neurology. 2. Development of the Nervous System
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The hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate pharyngeal dilator muscles.
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At the base of either condyle the bone is tunnelled by a short canal, the hypoglossal canal (anterior condyloid foramen).
II. Osteology. 5a. The Cranial Bones. 1. The Occipital Bone
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From the first two nerves the branch joins the hypoglossal trunk, runs with it some distance, and sends off a branch to the Thyreohyoideus; it then leaves the hypoglossal to form the descendens hypoglossi and unites with the communicantes cervicalis from the second and third cervical nerves to form the ansa hypoglossi from which nerves pass to the other Infrahyoid muscles.
IV. Myology. 5c. The Supra- and Infrahyoid Muscles
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This part of the artery is crossed obliquely, from its medial to its lateral side, by the sternocleidomastoid branch of the superior thyroid artery; it is also crossed by the superior and middle thyroid veins which end in the internal jugular; descending in front of its sheath is the descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve, this filament being joined by one or two branches from the cervical nerves, which cross the vessel obliquely.
VI. The Arteries. 3. The Arteries of the Head and Neck. a. The Common Carotid Artery
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The hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate pharyngeal dilator muscles.
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They are located close to the median raphe, ventromedial to the hypoglossal nucleus.
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The projection from the hypoglossal nucleus of muscles of tongue in rats was studied with the combined method of HRP tracing and immunocytochemistry.
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The external carotid artery is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, Platysma, deep fascia, and anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, by the lingual, ranine, common facial, and superior thyroid veins; and by the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus; higher up it passes deeply into the substance of the parotid gland, where it lies deep to the facial nerve and the junction of the temporal and internal maxillary veins.
VI. The Arteries. 3a. 2. The External Carotid Artery
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They accomplish this coordination with proprioceptive feedback through the hypoglossal nerve that disinhibits activation of the jaw depressors when the tongue protractor muscle is activated.
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The Apnex HGNS System is intended to work by restoring neuromuscular activity to the genioglossus muscle by stimulating the hypoglossal nerve synchronous with inspiration to mitigate upper airway collapse during sleep.
Medgadget
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The hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate pharyngeal dilator muscles.
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-- Find the great cornu and make an incision about an inch and a half in length through the skin and platysma, two lines above and parallel with it; push up the sub-maxillary gland and find the tendon of the digastric muscle, and the hypoglossal nerve; free this nerve and divide the muscle; open the sheath of the artery; isolate and ligate it.
An Epitome of Practical Surgery, for Field and Hospital.
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But because hypoglossal motoneurons and motor axons project to any one of the eight tongue muscles, it is unclear to which of these muscles the motoneuronal activities corresponded.
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Certain muscles involved in mastication, such as the masseter, the digastric (anterior and posterior belly), the buccinators, the hypoglossal and the mylohyoid, play a part in the balancing of the muscles of the head, neck, shoulder and thorax.
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This includes opiate-induced depression of hypoglossal motoneuron (XII MN) output, which activates the genioglossal muscle of the tongue and helps maintain an open airspace for effective breathing
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It measures about 2 cm. in length, and in the lower, closed part of the medulla oblongata is situated behind the hypoglossal nucleus; whereas in the upper, open part it lies lateral to that nucleus, and corresponds to an eminence, named the ala cinerea (trigonum vagi), in the rhomboid fossa.
IX. Neurology. 4a. The Hind-brain or Rhombencephalon