Prepositions with nouns

“In translation” or “of translation”?

In translation is a common fixed expression meaning “when translated” or “in translated form.” Of translation is usually part of a longer noun phrase such as “the theory of translation.”

Quick answer

Which form is correct?

Use in translation to talk about something as it appears after being translated. Use of translation when translation is the subject of another noun. They are not interchangeable.

The humour was lost in translation.
She specialises in the history of translation.
Some details changed in translation.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
in translation

Meaning: in translated form

Use this fixed phrase to describe how something appears after being translated into another language.

The poem sounds different in translation.
A few jokes disappear in translation.
2
lost in translation

Meaning: misunderstood during translation

This is a very common idiomatic expression.

Her sarcasm was lost in translation.
3
of translation

Meaning: translation as a topic or field

Use of translation after another noun when translation is the subject being discussed.

They discussed the ethics of translation.
4
translation of + text

Naming a translated work

Use translation of to identify the original text.

This is a new translation of the novel.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
in translation
The meaning changed in translation.
in translated form or during translation
of translation
The theory of translation is complex.
translation as a subject of study
translation of
We read a translation of the poem.
a translated version of something
translated into
The book was translated into Spanish.
shows the target language

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using of translation instead of in translation

Use in translation for changes that happen during translation.

✕ The joke disappeared of translation. ✓ The joke disappeared in translation.

Using in translation after another noun

After nouns like history, theory, or practice, use of translation.

✕ the history in translation ✓ the history of translation

Confusing translation of with in translation

Translation of identifies a translated text, not a process.

✕ A few details changed translation of the article. ✓ A few details changed in translation.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. Some cultural references were lost ___ translation.
2. She teaches the history ___ translation.
3. We read a new translation ___ the play.

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Frequently asked questions

Is in translation a fixed phrase?

Yes. It commonly means “when translated” or “in translated form.”

Can I say of translation by itself?

Usually no. It normally follows another noun, such as “the art of translation.”

What is the difference between translation of and in translation?

Translation of names a translated text, while in translation describes changes or qualities after translation.

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