Prepositions with nouns

“In motion” or “of motion”

“In motion” is a standard English phrase meaning moving or active. “Of motion” is mainly used in technical or formal expressions such as “laws of motion.”

Quick answer

Which phrase is more natural?

Use “in motion” to describe something that is moving or active. Use “of motion” only in specific combinations such as “equations of motion” or “laws of motion.”

The train was already in motion when we arrived.
Newton's laws of motion are taught in school.
The machine remained in motion for hours.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
in motion

Describing movement or activity

Use “in motion” for something moving physically or for a process that has started.

The wheels were in motion.
Her complaint set events in motion.
2
laws of motion

Using technical scientific expressions

Use “of motion” in fixed scientific phrases.

Students studied the laws of motion in physics class.
The engineer analysed the equations of motion carefully.
3
motion to + verb

Referring to a formal proposal

In meetings, “motion” often takes “to” plus a verb.

They made a motion to postpone the vote.
The board approved the motion to amend the policy.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
in motion
The crowd was in motion before sunrise.
Moving or active.
of motion
The laws of motion changed physics.
Part of a technical expression related to movement.
motion to + verb
She filed a motion to dismiss the case.
A formal legal or meeting proposal.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using “of motion” for ordinary movement

For everyday movement, English normally uses “in motion.”

✕ The car was of motion. ✓ The car was in motion.

Using “in motion” inside fixed scientific terms

Scientific expressions often require “of motion.”

✕ Newton's laws in motion ✓ Newton's laws of motion

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The river was already ___ motion.
2. We studied the laws ___ motion.
3. Her speech set change ___ motion.

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Frequently asked questions

Can “in motion” be used figuratively?

Yes. It can describe a process that has started, such as “set the plan in motion.”

Is “of motion” common in everyday English?

No. It mostly appears in technical, scientific, or formal expressions.

What does “set in motion” mean?

It means to start a process or cause something to begin.

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