Prepositions after verbs

Victimize by or victimize in?

Victimize is usually used without a following preposition. By and in may appear in passive or adverbial structures, but they are not standard complements after the verb.

Quick answer

How is victimize normally used?

Victimize usually takes a direct object: victimize someone. In passive clauses, by introduces the agent, as in was victimized by scammers. In can introduce a situation or context, not a complement selected by victimize.

Fraudsters victimized elderly residents online.
She was victimized by fake investors.
Many workers were victimized in the hiring process.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
victimize + person/group

Directly affecting someone unfairly

Victimize most commonly takes a direct object without a preposition.

The scheme victimized small businesses.
Bullies often victimize younger students.
2
be victimized by + agent

Naming who caused the harm

In passive clauses, by introduces the person or group responsible.

Consumers were victimized by dishonest lenders.
He felt victimized by the system.
3
victimized in + situation

Giving the context or setting

In introduces the situation where the victimization happened. It is not a fixed complement after victimize.

Several applicants were victimized in the recruitment process.
Residents felt victimized in the dispute.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
victimize someone
The gang victimized tourists.
Standard active structure with a direct object.
victimized by
She was victimized by online scammers.
Passive structure naming the agent.
victimized in
Workers were victimized in the workplace.
In introduces the context or setting.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using by after active victimize

Victimize normally takes a direct object in active clauses.

✕ They victimized by local families. ✓ They victimized local families.

Treating in as a fixed complement

In adds context rather than completing the verb itself.

✕ The company victimized in employees. ✓ The company victimized employees.

Confusing victimized and victim

Victimize is a verb; victim is usually a noun.

✕ Scammers victim many people. ✓ Scammers victimize many people.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The fraud ring victimized ___ tourists.
2. Residents were victimized ___ corrupt officials.
3. Several workers felt victimized ___ the investigation.

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Frequently asked questions

Is victimize by correct?

Only in passive structures such as was victimized by someone. It is not the normal active pattern.

Can I say victimize in?

In can describe the setting or context, but it is not a standard fixed combination after the verb.

Does victimize always refer to crime?

No. It can refer to unfair treatment, exploitation, discrimination, or abuse more generally.

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