Prepositions after verbs

Disappoint in or disappoint by?

Disappoint usually does not take a fixed preposition. By appears mainly in passive structures. In is common with disappointed, not with the verb disappoint.

Quick answer

Using disappoint correctly

Use disappoint with a direct object: The result disappointed us. In passive structures, by introduces the cause: We were disappointed by the service. Disappoint in is generally not standard as a verb pattern.

The news disappointed investors.
We were disappointed by the delay.
She was disappointed in her son's behaviour.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
disappoint + object

Saying who feels disappointed

Disappoint normally takes a direct object without a preposition.

disappointed the audience
disappoints his parents
2
disappointed by + thing/event

Giving the cause of disappointment

By is common after the adjective disappointed or in passive structures.

disappointed by the outcome
disappointed by the response
3
disappointed in + person

Expressing negative feelings about a person

In commonly follows the adjective disappointed when referring to a person's behaviour or character.

disappointed in my team
disappointed in himself

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
disappoint
The decision disappointed many voters.
Standard active verb with a direct object.
disappoint by
The customers were disappointed by the poor service.
By introduces the cause in a passive or adjective structure.
disappoint in
She was disappointed in her colleague.
In is used with the adjective disappointed, not usually with the active verb disappoint.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding in after the active verb

Disappoint does not normally take in directly.

✕ The mistake disappointed in me. ✓ The mistake disappointed me.

Using by in an active structure

By is natural in passive or adjective patterns.

✕ The film disappointed by the audience. ✓ The film disappointed the audience.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The final episode disappointed ___ fans.
2. We were disappointed ___ the quality.
3. She felt disappointed ___ her brother.

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Frequently asked questions

Is disappoint in correct?

Not usually with the active verb. Use disappointed in after the adjective instead.

Can I say disappointed by someone?

Yes. This focuses on the action or behaviour that caused disappointment.

Does disappoint need a preposition?

No. The verb usually takes a direct object, as in disappoint the team.

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