How To Use Xanthine In A Sentence
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The 100m world champion was banned for three months in 2009 for taking methylxanthine.
Times, Sunday Times
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From that time forward into the present, methyl xanthines have been used, most often in the form of theophylline or the water-soluble, related compound aminophylline, for the treatment of asthma.
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At Lethbridge, female sheep keds have been found to excrete xanthine and hypoxanthine as well as uric acid.
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Even since 1776 when Scheele found uric acid in urinary calculus, several substances closely related to it such as xanthine, adenine and guanine, etc. have been detected in animal secretions.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 - Presentation Speech
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Xanthine oxidase has been found in the endothelium of capillaries by immunohistochemistry, and superoxide is generated in endothelial cell cultures.
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The enzymes guanase and xanthine oxidase were useful in our laboratory to examine the purines as substrates or inhibitors of these enzymes
Nobel Lecture The Purine Path To Chemotherapy
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Xanthine, in combination with cyanine, modified by the various juices of plants, communicates in variable proportions orange-yellow, scarlet-red, and red colors to flowers.
The Art of Perfumery And Methods of Obtaining the Odors of Plants
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For a start, methylxanthine was not banned.
Times, Sunday Times
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Stones can be composed of calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, phosphate, or all of these.
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I had to work out the determination of the independent specific activities of the sugars and bases which I did by treating the nucleosides with nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine to exchange for the base to be analyzed.
Irwin Rose - Autobiography
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The main components of this tea are natural xanthines such as caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and tanni.
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Nitrosative deamination of cytosine and adenine results in uracil and hypoxanthine, respectively.
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Haemoxanthine: a dissolved albuminoid in the insect blood, which has both a respiratory and nutritive function.
Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology
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This work, carried out between 1882 and 1906 showed that various substances, little known at that time, such as adenine, xanthine, in vegetable substances, caffeine and, in animal excrete, uric acid and guanine, all belonged to one homogeneous family and could be derived from one another and that they corresponded to different hydroxyl and amino derivatives of the same fundamental system formed by a bicyclic nitrogenous structure into which the characteristic urea group entered.
Emil Fischer - Biography
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Xanthine oxidase, a flavoprotein, catalyses the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then generated superoxide and uric acid.
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Indeed, all the genes encoding enzymes required for de novo AMP biosynthesis are repressed at the transcriptional level by the presence of extracellular purines (adenine or hypoxanthine).
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Adenine is converted to hypoxanthine at 2-3% of the rate of cytosine deamination.
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Xanthine oxidase activity was evaluated by the spectrophotometric measurement of the formation of uric acid from xanthine.
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Maturation induced by xanthine oxidase was prevented by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase activity, and by N-acetylcysteine.
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Seizures can occur in patients who have used benzodiazepines for the treatment of seizure disorders, in patients who are physically dependent on benzodiazepines or in patients who have ingested drugs (e.g., cyclic antidepressants, cocaine, lithium, methylxanthines, isoniazid, propoxyphene, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, bupropion HCl and cyclosporine) that place them at risk for the development of seizures. 5
Flumanazil
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The deamination product of adenine is hypoxanthine, and hypoxanthine base pairs with cytosine rather than thymine.
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Ephedrine and the xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, increase metabolic rate.
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Methyl xanthines (caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) are found in seeds and leaves of a variety of unrelated plant species, including coffee, tea, cocoa, cola and mate.
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Stones can be composed of calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, phosphate, or all of these.
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Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, but aPProximately one-third will have xanthine stones.
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A number of catabolic enzymes were known: nucleases, nucleotidases, nucleosidases, deaminases (for guanine, adenine, adenosine, and adenylic acid), xanthine oxidase and uricase.
Nobel Lecture The Purine Path To Chemotherapy
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It appears that the purine metabolic system in humans has found a way to avoid the overproduction of uric acid by downregulating the Xor gene expression, the product converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and further xanthine to uric acid.
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I had to work out the determination of the independent specific activities of the sugars and bases which I did by treating the nucleosides with nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine to exchange for the base to be analyzed.
Irwin Rose - Autobiography
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In this respect, ara-G had an advantage over the deamination product of ara-A, hypoxanthine arabinoside, which had very poor antiviral activity.
Nobel Lecture The Purine Path To Chemotherapy
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Like arginine, hypoxanthine is a limiting N source.
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Production was not abrogated by inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases, and mitochondrial enzymes.
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This work, carried out between 1882 and 1906 showed that various substances, little known at that time, such as adenine, xanthine, in vegetable substances, caffeine and, in animal excrete, uric acid and guanine, all belonged to one homogeneous family and could be derived from one another and that they corresponded to different hydroxyl and amino derivatives of the same fundamental system formed by a bicyclic nitrogenous structure into which the characteristic urea group entered.
Emil Fischer - Biography
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Two related xanthines, theobromine and theophylline, are often present in smaller amounts.
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Among the deaminated bases, uracil, hypoxanthine and Xan are repaired by the base excision repair pathway in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, but aPProximately one-third will have xanthine stones.
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However, studies with a 6-mercaptopurine-resistant strain of L. casei revealed the 6-MP was unable to utilize hypoxanthine for growth (29).
Nobel Lecture The Purine Path To Chemotherapy
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There are two classes of drugs to reduce uric acid: uricosurics, such as probenecid, which increases excretion, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as allopurinol, which reduce production.
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Xanthine oxidase catalyses the oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid and is a well-known producer of superoxide radicals.
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Tungstate competitively inhibits the utilization of molybdenum for the formation of xanthine dehydrogenases.
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Synchronised cultures were exposed to superoxide anion generating system hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
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Xanthine oxidase uses molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor, resulting in the formation of superoxide radicals.
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Both classes of enzymes are involved in a wide range of redox reactions, e.g. succinate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase.