How To Use X chromosome In A Sentence
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In heterozygous females, pre-B cells whose active X chromosome expresses the mutant gene would not terminally differentiate and proliferate.
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Linkage groups are designated by roman numerals and X for the sex chromosome.
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To allow comparison between sexes, X chromosome abnormalities were concurrently studied in women.
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These defects, which include conditions such as hemophilia and color-blindness, are called X-linked because the genes are carried on the X chromosome.
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human females normally have two X chromosomes
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Males can, therefore, arise spontaneously, as a result of the rare meiotic loss of an X chromosome.
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This work shows a direct connection between elevated levels of corticosterone and the sex ratio of resultant offspring, leading researchers to conclude that corticosterone may directly influence sex chromosome segregation during meiosis, or may lead to differential maturation rates of differentially sexed ova.
Carin Bondar: Is Your Crappy Boyfriend Stressing You Out? You Are Not Alone...
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If X chromosome loss occurs during oogenesis, then some ova are expected to be nullo-X, which would result in a patroclinous non-Unc male.
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Is Photosensitive Epilepsy Less Common in Males Due to Variation in X Chromosome Photopigment Genes?
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humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes
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Note that the bivalent sex chromosome remaining in the vicinity of the equator appears to be oriented to the poles.
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A visible example of X chromosome inactivation is the tortoiseshell cat.
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The chromosomal complement of each cell is divided into the autosomes and the sex chromosomes.
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Backcross males having recombinant X chromosomes were genotyped and scored for fertility.
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In contrast, in all tef cells in which the sex chromosomes could be identified, they were closely apposed in a configuration not discernibly different from wild type.
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In a population with variation on both sex chromosomes, one does not know which sex chromosome carries a specific allele in a heterozygote of the heterogametic sex.
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human males normally have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
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In some dioecious species, sex determination is controlled by genes on sex chromosomes.
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White campion is one of the few examples of plants with separate sexes and with X and Y sex chromosomes.
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The sex chromosomes, together with the homologous no.7 chromosomes of the West Japan and Kanto forms, are diagrammatically shown.
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If the X chromosome always is assumed to have a smaller effective population size, then it would be more strongly shaped by these dynamics than the autosome.
ScienceBlogs Channel : Life Science
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The results are attributed to introgression with a higher rate for autosomes than for sex chromosomes.
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Unlike autosomes, X chromosomes are inherited in an asymmetrical fashion.
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For most people, the genome consists of one pair of sex chromosomes (XX in women and XY in men) and twenty-two pairs of chromosomes called autosomal, plus mitochondrial DNA, which is something of a separate story.
'Blood Matters'
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It may be of interest to examine the sperm of men with different sized Y chromosomes to see whether there is a relationship between the level of sex chromosome disomy and Y chromosome size.
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They also wondered if the X chromosome showed difference patterns of population genetic substructure than the autosome, so they compared the X with chromosome 16 using frappe.
ScienceBlogs Channel : Life Science
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We show that two sex-determination signals, the X chromosome number within the germ cells and a female soma, differentially regulate ovo-B and ovo-A.
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The sex chromosomes are placed to the right of the smallest autosomal chromosomes.
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I read about Kleinfelter’s Syndrome, where an extra X chromosome renders a person tall, eunuchoid, and temperamentally unpleasant.
Middlesex
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These results support the hypothesis that transposons accumulate in nonrecombining regions and may be one cause of the heteromorphism of sex chromosomes.
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The ratio of human X chromosome to autosome diversity is positively correlated with genetic distance from genes
Discover Blogs
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Sex chromosomes in M. violaceum were identified by the cosegregation of mating type and chromosome dimorphism and by mating-type-specific markers.
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A2; the locus is assumed to be on an autosome, not a sex chromosome.
Population Genetics
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The gene is found on the X chromosome, males being more severely affected than females.
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One plant lacked all six chromosome 12 markers, which indicates possible monosomy, and the other lacked just a terminal marker from the end of chromosome 10.
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Males arise spontaneously through nondisjunction of the X chromosome during gametogenesis and the subsequent fusion with a normal gamete, yielding an XO individual.
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Because women have two X chromosomes, one defective gene is not sufficient to cause the disease; instead women serve as carriers, passing the bad gene to sons.
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The green and red genes encode photopigments that respond to different, overlapping regions in the middle-to-long wavelength spectrum and are adjacent to each other on the X chromosome.
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In total, variability at 205 microsatellites was studied on the third and the X chromosome.
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This occurs when males are born with an extra X chromosome.
Times, Sunday Times
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The predominant anomalies in reproductive specimens include trisomy of the autosomes and monosomy of the X chromosome.
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Whether sex chromosomes and autosomes differ in their conjunctive mechanism is an unresolved issue.
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mammals normally have two sex chromosomes
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However, to understand the current structure of sex determination in Drosophila, it is necessary to consider its evolution from an ancestral state, prior to the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes and dosage compensation.
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The gene is found on the X chromosome, males being more severely affected than females.
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However, even at the first five passages, the resulting cells showed variations in X chromosome inactivation, meaning some cells had inactivated one X chromosome and some had not.
PhysOrg.com - latest science and technology news stories
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These defects, which include conditions such as hemophilia and color-blindness, are called X-linked because the genes are carried on the X chromosome.
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The sex chromosomes and autosomes spend different times in the germ line of the two sexes.
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Birds differ from the human species as to internal secretory action in two vital particulars: (a) In the higher mammals, sex depends upon a "complex" of all the glands interacting, instead of upon the sex glands alone as in birds; (b) The male bird instead of the female is homogametic for sex -- i.e., the sperm instead of the eggs is uniform as to the sex chromosome.
Taboo and Genetics A Study of the Biological, Sociological and Psychological Foundation of the Family
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hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome
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The dosage compensation complex cannot accumulate on the male X chromosome in the mutants.
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Male birds are homogametic, with sex chromosome constitution designated ZZ, while females are heterogametic, with sex chromosomes ZW.
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The evolution of the heteromorphic sex chromosomes from an indistinguishable pair of autosomes is triggered by the suppression of recombination.
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Next we asked whether sex chromosomes and autosomes contribute equally to the patterns of inheritance.
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Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
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Several DNA sequences that show sequence similarity to transposons were isolated from these sex chromosomes.
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The argument is that females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have only one.
Advanced Educational Psychology For Educators, Researchers and Policymakers,
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This makes sense, since these cancers often fail to inactivate the X chromosome, and X chromosome nondisjunction leads to more male worms.
Ars Technica
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From the cytogenetic perspective, only a small proportion of fish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
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NO dimorphic sex chromosomes were observed in either sexof the three species examined.
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Chromosome heteromorphism therefore reflects de novo evolution of sex chromosomes during the evolution of dioecy in this plant lineage, a relatively recent event within this genus.
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We discuss possible explanations for reduced female recombination in marsupials as a consequence of the metatherian characteristic of determinate paternal X chromosome inactivation.
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In organisms in which gender is based on one sex being homomorphic and the other heteromorphic for the sex chromosomes, a process has evolved to equalize the output of products encoded by the genes located there.
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But what the newly sequenced genome reveals is that the platypus's male-determining gene, the monotreme equivalent of primates' SRY gene, is not located on any of those five pairs of sex chromosomes.
Archive 2008-05-01
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The new analysis confirmed the existence of 1,098 protein-coding genes on the X chromosome.
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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has two sex chromosomes and three autosomes.
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Consequently, a Cain gene on an X chromosome can safety kill the Y chromosome and not risk suicide.
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One of several closely related genes, eft - 4, resides on the X chromosome.
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All four populations had 2n = 38, with ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes (Z, acrocentric; W, submetacentric).
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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This antibody labels the nuclei of the male embryos, revealing a single subnuclear spot that corresponds to the X chromosome.
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The argument is that females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have only one.
Advanced Educational Psychology For Educators, Researchers and Policymakers,
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If the X chromosome is absent in some cells but not all then this is called mosaic Turner syndrome and symptoms can be mild.
Times, Sunday Times
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However, the sex chromosomes of birds contain a complement of genes different from those on the mammalian sex chromosomes, and the heterogametic sex is the female.
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This was explained by the action of rare alleles of autosomal modifiers that can influence or override the sex chromosome genes.
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Consequently, a Cain gene on an X chromosome can safety kill the Y chromosome and not risk suicide.
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All four populations had 2n = 38, with ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes (Z, acrocentric; W, submetacentric).
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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We observed complete interference for both oogenesis and spermatogenesis in hermaphrodite animals and for the entire lengths of both an autosome and the X chromosome.
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The pattern arises, we now know, because the gene is carried on the X chromosome.
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I then present a formal model for the evolution of recombination dimorphism on autosomes and on sex chromosomes.
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At the time, the nearest known relative of the plains viscacha rat was another viscacha rat, Octomys mimax, with fifty-six chromosomes.
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It possesses a pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes; females are homogametic and males heterogametic.
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These two genes are tightly linked to the left telomere of the X chromosome.
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This occurs when males are born with an extra X chromosome.
Times, Sunday Times
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Some intersexed people have XX chromosomes everywhere except the ovotestes, which have XY chromosomes, or vice versa.
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The primary determinant of sexual identity in Drosophila, the X chromosome karyotype, was discovered nearly a century ago.
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Like humans, sand lizard males have heterogametic sex chromosomes.
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Several pieces of direct and indirect evidence suggest that dimorphic sex chromosomes have evolved from an originally homologous pair of chromosomes.
