How To Use Sauropod In A Sentence
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On the contrary, the morphology and evolution of vertebral pneumaticity in sauropods suggests that their respiratory systems were more similar to those of birds than to those of crocodiles.
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While it's well known that many modern large animals, including Indian elephants, can swim, sauropods have long been viewed as bulky leviathans in a class of their own.
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They found embedded in solid rock what they believe to be the pelvis of a primitive sauropod, a four-legged, plant-eating dinosaur similar to better-known creatures such as brachiosaurus and diplodocus.
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Over the past 80 million years, the sand and mud of the sauropod nesting grounds have solidified into sandstone and mudstone that are visible today as distinct bands or layers in the site's ridges, buttes, and ravines.
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The sauropod group of dinosaurs lived about 150 million years ago and included the diplodocus, the brachiosaurus and the apatosaurus.
Times, Sunday Times
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These early sauropods, however, had not yet evolved the tightly arched arrangement of metacarpals diagnostic of neosauropods.
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If Mirischia the Brazilian theropod is one of my little pets, the enormous sauropod represented by the cervical vertebra MIWG. 7306 – affectionately (and unofficially) known to some of us as 'Angloposeidon' – is one of the biggest [the image at left, and that below, are my drawings of the specimen].
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part I
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He said continuing research into the species is important because of larger evolutionary questions, including their relationship to the much larger sauropod dinosaurs, including brachiousaurus and apatosaurus.
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Such stomach stones or gastroliths have been reported from the gut regions or found nearby of prosauropods, sauropods and ornithopods.
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They found embedded in solid rock what they believe to be the pelvis of a primitive sauropod, a four-legged, plant-eating dinosaur similar to better-known creatures such as brachiosaurus and diplodocus.
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the sauropod dinosaurs were apparently herbivores
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Several bizarre new dinosaurs have also been recently found in the same geological horizons, including the huge ornithopod Lanzhousaurus magnidens and the gigantic sauropod Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis.
Dinosaurs along the Silk Road
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The supposed stegosaurian track Deltapodus Whyte & Romano, 1994 (Middle Jurassic of England) is sauropod-like, elongate and plantigrade, but many blunt-toed, digitigrade, large ornithopod-like footprints (including pedal print cast associated with the manus of Stegopodus Lockley & Hunt, 1998) from the Upper Jurassic of Utah, better fit the stegosaurian foot pattern.
Neoceratopsian publications for 2008
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The evolution of manus shape in sauropod dinosaurs: implications for functional morphology, forelimb orientation, and phylogeny.
Archive 2006-04-01
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They found embedded in solid rock what they believe to be the pelvis of a primitive sauropod, a four-legged, plant-eating dinosaur similar to better-known creatures such as brachiosaurus and diplodocus.
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Sauropod footprints show heteropody, with relatively small manus and large pes prints.
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Thus, by the early Late Triassic sauropods had relatively small forefeet that were held in a nearly vertical, digitigrade posture in which the five weight-bearing digits were arranged in a gentle arch.
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Andrew: pneumaticity expert Matt Wedel and I are due to work together some time in 2007 on the skeletal and soft-tissue pneumaticity in sauropod and theropod dinosaurs, so I will certainly be blogging about this subject in the near future.
Happy Christmas, from gigantic Spanish sauropods... or, alas, poor ‘Angloposeidon’
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The newly discovered Austroraptor ( left ) attacks a juvenile sauropod dinosaur in an artist's interpretation.
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The saurischian dinosaurs include both carnivores, the theropods, and herbivores, the sauropods.
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No creature was spared, from the largest sauropod to the smallest raptor.
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Such stomach stones or gastroliths have been reported from the gut regions or found nearby of prosauropods, sauropods and ornithopods.
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It has some of the best preserved dinosaur tracks in the world, including a chase sequence between a carnosaur and a sauropod.
Archive 2009-01-01
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Although there are features that seem to support sauropod affinities for Blikanasaurus, many of these are proportional measures that could be related to body size (e.g., relative length of metatarsus, breadth of metatarsals I and V).
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The plesiosaur and sauropod dinosaurs had 30 to 50 neck bones!
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For example, the front footprints indicate the metacarpals - the hand bones on people - were held in a semicircular arrangement unique to sauropods.
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Giant Lufeng Long Shuyuan the sauropod dinosaur, is earlier than the Jurassic Period time has existed.
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He said continuing research into the species is important because of larger evolutionary questions, including their relationship to the much larger sauropod dinosaurs, including brachiousaurus and apatosaurus.
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Still another unusual feature which appeared in some of the later sauropods was rudimentary body armor.
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The neural arches of sauropod vertebrae are comprised of thin laminae of bone connecting the zygapophyses, diapophyses, and neural spine.
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Ornithodirans, saurischians, and sauropods are all characterized by having longer necks than their immediate outgroups.
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Perhaps the most remarkable thing about sauropod vertebrae is how pneumatic they were – the lateral fossae, and the interior of the vertebrae, were occupied, in life, by air sacs.
Archive 2006-07-01
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Pes anatomy in sauropod dinosaurs: implications for functional morphology, evolution, and phylogeny.
Archive 2006-04-01
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In other sauropods, the neck vertebrae are at least twice as long as they are tall, according to Rauhut.
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Birds did not evolve from massive sauropods or antediluvian, tanklike ankylosaurs or even from the large tyrannosaurs.
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A diplodocid sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of England.
Archive 2006-02-01
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The pneumatic vertebrae of sauropods and other saurischians are very similar to those of birds and have been considered evidence for the early evolution of the avian respiratory system.
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The radius and ulna of the forelimb are twisted indicating that the hand was pronated, but without the hand bones we cannot tell if it was modified into the tubular, fingerless structure of later sauropods.
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Thus endothermy is very unlikely to have evolved in lineages in which the most recent species are predominantly large, such as prosauropods, sauropods, stegosaurs, nodosaurs, ankylosaurs, and ceratopsids.
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From these reptiles would come some of the greatest creatures in the history of earth; the Tyrannosaurus Rex and the giant sauropods, to name a few.
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Quite possibly, this simple anatomical change was ultimately responsible for the worldwide relative decline of the sauropods and the extinction of the prosauropods by the Late Jurassic.
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Adaptive radiation in sauropod dinosaurs: bone histology indicates rapid evolution of giant body size through acceleration.
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part II
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The newly discovered Austroraptor ( left ) attacks a juvenile sauropod dinosaur in an artist's interpretation.
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Of course there were surely also many species which were precocial, but I can also imagine that especially quadrupede dinosaurs like small sauropods probably looked very clumsy when they tried to make their first walk.
Joy in the Farmyard
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The animals in the mist were perfect apatosaurs, medium-size sauropods.
Jurassic Park
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Ornithoid eggshells are equally abundant and occur in association with relatively uncommon sauropod eggshell fragments and denticulated theropod teeth.
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Such stomach stones or gastroliths have been reported from the gut regions or found nearby of prosauropods, sauropods and ornithopods.
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As I’ve now mentioned a few times, the detailed anatomy of the A. fragillimus vertebra (as figured by Cope) shows us that this sauropod was a diplodocoid.
Biggest sauropod ever (part…. II)
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Penn's Dodson, for one, argues that if the big sauropods were warmblooded, "they would have had to stay out of the midday sun to keep from suffering meltdown": sunshine plus its huge internal furnace would have given the beast heat prostration.
New Theories And Old Bones Reveal The Lifestyle Of The Dinosaur
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Early relatives of the sauropods, the Late Triassic plateosaurs or prosauropods, may have occasionally stood on their hind legs.
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Evidence for unusual soft-tissue structures on the sauropod metacarpus might have been present in other sauropods, according to recently described trackway evidence.
Archive 2006-04-01
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To provide a nomenclatural context for the discussion that follows, the phylogenetic definition, hypothesized ancestry, and implied content of Sauropoda are briefly discussed below.
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Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma.
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part I
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In a new, as-yet-unpublished sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, it’s been claimed that the first and fifth metacarpals virtually touch on the posterior surface of the hand, but this is unique so far as we know (this animal wouldn’t have left horseshoe-shaped tracks, but subcircular ones … if the proposed interpretation is valid, and it might not be).
Archive 2006-04-01
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Within some of the eggs, we found fossilized embryos, the first embryos of a sauropod ever uncovered.
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Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates.
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part II
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The supposed stegosaurian track Deltapodus Whyte & Romano, 1994 (Middle Jurassic of England) is sauropod-like, elongate and plantigrade, but many blunt-toed, digitigrade, large ornithopod-like footprints (including pedal print cast associated with the manus of Stegopodus Lockley & Hunt, 1998) from the Upper Jurassic of Utah, better fit the stegosaurian foot pattern.
Neoceratopsian publications for 2008
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To their credit, Quick & Ruben (2009) do note that some birds (including kiwis, emus and the extinct elephant birds and mihirungs) have very small sterna that don't extend as far posteriorly as the abdominal air-sacs: these sterna are actually smaller, compared to trunk length, than those of such non-avian saurischians as dromaeosaurs and diplodocoid and macronarian sauropods (Wedel 2007).
ScienceBlogs Channel : Life Science
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For some sauropod dinosaurs, this estimated blood pressure is very high indeed.
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The discovery smudges the common picture of sauropods as unspecialized, lumbering dinosaurs that used very long necks to munch away at any greenery in sight, including treetops.
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The award stems from his excellent 2005 paper ‘Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropods and its implications for mass estimates’: required reading here at Tetrapod Zoology Towers (free pdf available here).
Matt Wedel: officially, a bastard
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Birds did not evolve from massive sauropods or antediluvian, tanklike ankylosaurs or even from the large tyrannosaurs (which do, in fact, branch fairly close to birds on the dinosaur bush).
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Researchers found 11 different specimens of these dwarf sauropods, both adults and juveniles, in Germany.
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This thumb claw varied in size, shape and orientation among the sauropod groups: it was particularly big in diplodocoids, where it was also laterally compressed and notably deep, and clearly separated from the rest of the metacarpus.
Archive 2006-04-01
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The supposed stegosaurian track Deltapodus Whyte & Romano, 1994 (Middle Jurassic of England) is sauropod-like, elongate and plantigrade, but many blunt-toed, digitigrade, large ornithopod-like footprints (including pedal print cast associated with the manus of Stegopodus Lockley & Hunt, 1998) from the Upper Jurassic of Utah, better fit the stegosaurian foot pattern.
Neoceratopsian publications for 2008
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Fossils of a previously unknown species, which is believed to have belonged to the herbivorous sauropod diplodocus family, were found along the banks of a tributary of the Amazon river in the northern state of Maranhao.
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The Uhangri sauropod ichnites are the first Late Cretaceous manus-only sauropod trackways and are among the few Late Cretaceous sauropod tracks.
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Some parts of Australia have traditions of huge reptiles suggestive of long-necked sauropods, the dinosaur group which includes Diplodocus and Apatosaurus.
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Then, finally and fatally decided, they executed the screwing half rolls which brought their jaws against the undersides of sauropod and carnosaur alike.
AMBL
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Whereas all of the earlier forms had strong jaws and teeth or horny beaks, the sauropodomorphs had tiny heads and weak jaws and teeth, and used gastric stones, like modern-day birds, to grind up food in the stomach.
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Herds of Camarasaurus, a long-necked herbivore known as a sauropod, travelled almost 200 miles from the plains to the mountains in a bid to find food and water.
Telegraph.co.uk - Telegraph online, Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph
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Extensive pneumatisation also has implications for various aspects of sauropod palaebiology (Wedel 2003: free pdf here).
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part II
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The sauropods include many of the best known prehistoric animals, such as diplodocus and apatosaurus – the dinosaur formerly known as brontosaurus.
Dinosaurs with long necks were like 1950s vacuum cleaners, say scientists
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The evidence of nesting and parental care in ornithischian, sauropod, and theropod dinosaurs is extensive.
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The decapod remains were located between 0.5 and 3.0 m from a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur caudal vertebra.
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The sauropods include many of the best known prehistoric animals, such as diplodocus and apatosaurus – the dinosaur formerly known as brontosaurus.
Dinosaurs with long necks were like 1950s vacuum cleaners, say scientists
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It you were to walk up to a living sauropod and put your hand on its side, its temperature would be very similar to your own, said John Eiler, a professor of geology and geochemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and co-author of the study.
Fossil Studies Show Dinosaurs Were Warm-Blooded
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The closest relatives of the sauropods, a group of primitive dinosaurs known as prosauropods, extends back to the Late Triassic (about 220 million years ago) implying that the sauropods may also have had a history extending back as far.
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These forms represent all of the major groups of the first, Triassic, dinosaurian radiation: Sauropodomorpha, Theropoda, Cerapoda, and Thyreophora, respectively.
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However, they conclude that this is incorrect and that the prosauropods and sauropods diverged early from a common ancestor.
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As much as we like to imagine sauropods stamping their feet and lashing their tails to drive off the vicious theropod predators, the scenario is unlikely for a simple reason.
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The largest sauropods, the brachiosaurs, were the biggest land animals ever, measuring 85 feet long.
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Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs.
‘Angloposeidon’, the unreported story, part II
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In their review of sauropod species referred to Cetiosaurus, Upchurch & Martin (2003) concluded that ‘C.’ humerocristatus ‘is regarded as a distinct taxon referable to the Brachiosauridae’ but went on to state that ‘[w] e prefer to wait for more complete material before proposing a new name for this taxon’ (p. 213).
Archive 2006-12-01
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The sauropods include many of the best known prehistoric animals, such as diplodocus and apatosaurus – the dinosaur formerly known as brontosaurus.
Dinosaurs with long necks were like 1950s vacuum cleaners, say scientists
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Several academic projects that have been mentioned on the blog have yet to come to fruition, including that long-delayed manuscript on British dinosaur diversity, and work on Cretaceous Spanish vertebrates, Wealden sauropods, and azhdarchid ecology.
Archive 2007-01-01
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Here, a diverse and well-preserved assemblage of dinosaur meat-eating theropod, long-necked sauropod, and plant-eating ornithopod, pterosaur, and bird tracks have been recovered from Lower Cretaceous-aged rocks exposed along the Yellow River.
Dinosaurs along the Silk Road
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And there's been more from the latest Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, papers on the "rauisuchian" archosaur Batrachotomus kupferzellensis; the ontogeny of Stegosaurus; ontogenetic and taxonomic implications of pattern and transition of surficial bone texture of the centrosaurine frill; and Adeopapposaurus, a new prosauropod dinosaur from Argentina.
"Fill the night with stories. The legend grows."
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The traditional view of sauropods was that they were barely able to sustain their own weight and therefore lived in swamps.
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All eusauropods, in contrast, are characterized by a shortened manus in which each digit bears two or fewer phalanges, and only the pollex bears an ungual.
