How To Use Pollination In A Sentence
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Going into a somewhat different trajectory, specifically to continue a line of speculation from a previous post on an African bridge house: can someone be fundamentally altered — like the corn they're cultivating to produce cancer cures — while living quasi-permanently in flourescent-lit dampness and hermetic seclusion, detached from the vagaries of weather, time and natural pollination, amidst pure geology?
Cave Pharming
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Relative to self-pollination, outcross pollination results in greater proportion of flowers setting fruit, and greater proportion of ovules yielding seeds per fruit.
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Many species of tree depend on the wind for pollination.
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It is important in horticulture and agriculture, because fruiting is dependent on fertilisation, which is the end result of pollination.
Pollination
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Visits Caluromys lanatus (Didelphidae) flowers Pseudobombax tomentosum (Bombacaceae). probable case pollination marsupials in Brazil
MyLinkVault Newest Links
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Plant two or more rows of the same variety side by side to ensure optimal pollination.
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Homogamy The condition in flowers in which the anthers and stigmas ripen at the same time, so encouraging self-pollination.
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Last year Jeff grew some 150 pepper varieties side by side this way and had no problems with cross-pollination.
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In addition, 62% of the flowers on these plants were cleistogamous indicating a high level of self-pollination.
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Advance has been along two lines, markedly in relation to insect-pollination, one of which has culminated in the hypogynous epipetalous bicarpellate forms with dorsiventral often large and loosely arranged flowers such as occur in Scrophulariaceae, and the other in the epigynous bicarpellate small-flowered families of which the Compositae represent the most elaborate type.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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Though the terms are sometimes confused, a pollinator is different from a pollenizer, which is a plant that is a source of pollen for the pollination process.
Pollinator
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The deposition of pollinaria on the scutellum of bees clearly enhances the chances of cross-pollination, since it is very difficult for these insects to groom and remove the pollinaria from this region.
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For fruit and nut crops, pollination can be a grower's only real chance to increase yield.
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Small flowers and red petals suggest pollination by small diptera or lepidoptera, but the flowers do not appear to produce nectar.
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Smithsonian entomologist David Roubik points out that the stingless bee, rather than non-native species, has been essential to the pollination of tropical forest plants, and when the bee is in peril, so is the local ecology.
Honey: A sweet Maya legacy
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Pollination of petaloid geophytes by monkey beetles (Scarabaenidae: Rutelinae: Hopliini) in southern Africa.
Succulent Karoo
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Other examples of self-pollination are when a monoecious plant such as a squash or a plant with perfect flowers, like sesame, okra, or tomatoes, pollinates its own flowers, often with help from insects (Figures 6.4 and 6.5).
5. How plants live and grow
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Yet we find in the nineteenth century a muddled picture, a sort of cross-pollination of positions.
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By nicking nectar and pollen from the native species they deny those insects the opportunity to perform the function of pollination and as a result some plants do not set seed.
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As this type of bee is very important for flower pollination, I think my botanically-inclined readers will enjoy learning more.
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In the polypetalous forms progression from hypogyny to epigyny is generally recognized, and where dorsiventrality with insect-pollination has been established, a dominant group has been developed as in the Leguminosae.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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Besides, the cone was probably not exposed to pollen of other lacebarks and the seeds were probably empty or defective, as pines don't do self-pollination well.
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Here we describe a new case of pollination by genitalic pseudocopulation in orchids, this time in the genus Lepanthes.
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The rapid opening of the bunchberry is thought to enhance cross-pollination in two ways.
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Without sufficient pollination, the growth of the corn is stunted.
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Many fruit trees require cross-pollination, making them unsuitable for small landscapes.
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A total of 23 flowers were crossed, and 33 flowers were submitted to mixed pollinations.
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Treatment O was conducted to examine xenogamy through artificial pollination using pollen from flowers 5 m away, but within the same population.
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In modern "feedlot" beekeeping, bees are unloaded in yards where they await their next pollination job.
Gothamist
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The fungus usually does not invade the stalk until well after pollination when it causes the lower internodes to ripen prematurely and shred, causing breakage at the base of the plant, The inner stalk has a charred appearance due to the presence of numerous black dots (sclerotia).
Chapter 10
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The pollen spores are usually aggregated into two or four waxy masses ( "pollinia," sing. pollinium), which usually can only be removed by the agency of insects upon which all but a very few orchids are absolutely dependent for the pollination of the flowers.
Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses
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Microspores cultured in vitro in a rich medium develop into mature pollen grains, which are fertile upon pollination in vivo.
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The absence of the bumble bee meant that pollination had to be carried out artificially, using an electronic vibrating rod.
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This plant relies on cross-pollination for reproduction.
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Artificial pollination was effected by brushing the recipient flower stigmas with stamens from the pollen donors.
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Pollination in angiosperms and gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male gametes (sperm) to where the female gamete (s) are contained within the carpel; [1] in gymnosperms the pollen is directly applied to the ovule itself.
Pollination
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It would therefore appear that the ensuring of successful pollination must override the importance of losses due to seed predation.
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There was a week's exhibition at the Pompidou: Anglo-French cross-pollination at the time of the Restoration.
DISPLACED PERSON
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A number of flowering plants have flowers which are structurally modified for bird pollination.
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In self-pollination, the flower is monoclinous and the stigma receives pollen from the anthers of the same flower.
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As for calculation of the selfing rate, self-pollination was with pollen from other flowers of the same plant.
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Pollination in I. floridanum is affected by litter-dwelling insects to include Diptera and Coleoptera.
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Cross-pollination isn't ensured when an ant picks up pollen off a pancake plant: The ant may then crawl to the ground or another species.
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Cross-pollination with a wild Chinese sorghum seems the most likely reason why the sorghum now found in China (the kaoliang group) has its own distinctive character.
7. Sorghum
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None of these species set seed through agamospermy or autonomous self-pollination; therefore they depend entirely on pollinating agents for their reproduction.
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However, San Salvador has only two nectarivorous bird species so the pollination of P. bahamensis is constrained by bird species availability.
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All of this cross-pollination feeds into their pianism.
Times, Sunday Times
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While self-sterile plants are incapable of fertilization by self-pollination, genetically different individual plants of the same variety can be fertilized by cross-pollination (Figure 6.9).
5. How plants live and grow
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In pollination management, a good pollenizer is a plant that provides compatible, viable and plentiful pollen and blooms at the same time as the plant that is to be pollinated.
Pollination
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Pollen grains are filamentous and pollination is hydrophilous.
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Cross-pollinated flowers were not emasculated, and pollinations were performed by rubbing anthers onto stigmas.
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One common reason for the malformation of fruits, such as asymmetric carambola or pears, is incomplete pollination.
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Treatment B was conducted to examine autonomous self-pollination by enclosing intact flowers, before anthesis, in small plastic bags.
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Zingiberaceae plants are highly diverse in species, morphology and anatomic structure as well as in pollination.
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Self-pollination allows for distinct races to develop and several sub-species of annual knawel have been recognised, however their status in Ireland has not been investigated.
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Even so, approximately one-third of orchid species have evolved pollination mechanisms whereby the pollinator receives no reward whatsoever.
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Bees occasionally collect olive pollen, but wind is the primary pollination vector.
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Also, unlike hybrid seeds like paddy and millet, in cottonseed, cross-pollination (which lasts for four months) has to be done manually.
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The pollen spores are usually aggregated into two or four waxy masses ( "pollinia," sing. pollinium), which usually can only be removed by the agency of insects upon which all but a very few orchids are absolutely dependent for the pollination of the flowers.
Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses
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Aside from the hydrophilous pollination mechanism, the pollen grain morphology is also very distinct.
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Pollen traps also indicate that pollen is shed directly into the air, permitting wind pollination.
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(However, in a bit of cross-pollination, he appears to work in Blüdhaven, the crime-riddled city near Gotham that Chuck Dixon invented for the Nightwing magazine in 1996.)
Robin Goes Up Against Crazy Quilt One More Time
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In other Magnolia species predominantly pollinated by beetles, pollen shortage or inefficient pollination has been reported.
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This applies not only to the initial induction of the two pollination regimes on plants, but also to subsequent field and greenhouse experiments.
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However, while on paper we should be delighted about this cross-cultural pollination, the reality of it in Bradford is very different.
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2010/09/: RSTB: (ab$) Flowering phenology, fruiting success and progressive deterioration of pollination in an early-flowering geophyte by James D. Thomson
ScienceBlogs Channel : Life Science
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The red, ripe fruit originated from pollination with pollen of H. undatus clones, while the green, unripe fruit was from pollination with S. grandiflorus pollen.
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In the end, however, whether the yam bean should be regarded as one species or as several that can be hybridized is not so important, as long as the different kinds can be manipulated to facilitate cross-pollination.
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In spring and summer last year, pollination of the runner beans was generally poor.
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Vita researches, develops, manufactures and markets acaricide products and is the world's dominant supplier of honeybee health products to the honey and pollination industries.
Archive 2008-10-01
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As a group of interactions, the chemical ecology of mutualisms (i.e., pollination, myrmecophily, frugivory) is still poorly understood and is not well represented in the book.
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Normally, daffodils self-pollinate readily (pollination takes place within an individual flower) and don't hybridise much in the wild, or even show great variation.
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After pollination, cones and seed take between 1.5 and 2 years to mature depending upon the elevation and environmental factors such as temperature.
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In principal, the length of flower anthesis depends on pollination and removal of the pollinium.
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One great potential danger was genetically modified wild plants gaining resistance to insect pests by cross-pollination.
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Proximity or contiguity is a rhetorical device among others; any writer of modest ability, let alone Proust, attends to various sorts of associations and crosspollinations (I have just attended to double-s sounds).
Professing Literature: John Guillory's Misreading of Paul de Man
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(Soundbite of music) RAZ: You know, I've been noticing a lot of kind of cross-pollination on indie records and even on hip-hop records lately.
Of Montreal Explores 'Groove Bass' On 'False Priest'
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High temperature conditions commonly cause flower abscission and seed abortion because of pollination failure.
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You'll have cross-pollination to other canola crops that might be growing alongside roadsides and so on.
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Crucially, the ecosphere provides the ecological goods (eg food, fibre) and services (eg climate control, atmospheric gas balance, soil stabilisation, pollination) that underwrite human survival and wellbeing.
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Insects such as bees facilitate pollination as they buzz from plant to plant while feeding on nectar or collecting pollen.
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As for calculation of the selfing rate, self-pollination was with pollen from other flowers of the same plant.
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The absence of the bumble bee meant that pollination had to be carried out artificially, using an electronic vibrating rod.
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With apples, bees are essential for cross-pollination.
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One of its defects is its decided proterandrous habit, which seriously affects pollination and fruit setting.
Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Second Annual Meeting Ithaca, New York, December 14 and 15, 1911
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It is not the most effective method of pollination, & bunchberries have never been grown primarily for their fruit because the shrublet simply will not produce a lot of fruit.
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The nonprofit, whose about 70 members help facilitate academic and cultural cross-pollination between the countries, helps introduce Vermonters to Japanese culture.
U.S. sends aid to Japan, reacts to deadly quake, tsunami
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Geitonogamy can be due to self-pollination between flowers on the same branch, different flowering branches of the same plant, or different ramets of the same clonal genet.
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Outcrossing is mainly achieved through dioecy and self-incompatibility, or promoted by dichogamy in the hermaphroditic flowers, and facilitated by wind pollination.
Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests
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Advance has been along two lines, markedly in relation to insect-pollination, one of which has culminated in the hypogynous epipetalous bicarpellate forms with dorsiventral often large and loosely arranged flowers such as occur in Scrophulariaceae, and the other in the epigynous bicarpellate small-flowered families of which the Compositae represent the most elaborate type.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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No plant dares depend upon its cleistogamous or blind flowers alone for offspring; and in the sixty or more genera containing these curious growths, that usually look like buds arrested in development, every plant that bears them bears also showy flowers dependent upon cross-pollination by insect aid.
Wild Flowers Worth Knowing
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Yet the advantage of honeybees is that it's the only species that can be managed, cultivated and moved to where needed for pollination, said B.C.'s apiculturist Paul van Westendorp.
The Globe and Mail - Home RSS feed
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We've definitely seen a cross-pollination, certainly of ... techniques, tactics and procedures across the organizations," said one of the officials, speaking on condition of anonymity.
African Islamist groups seen as U.S. threat: general
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And what makes these populists even more dangerous is their cross-pollination.
Pepe Escobar: Letter from Islamophobistan
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Orchids display a vast array of floral morphologies and pollination mechanisms, unparalleled in any other angiosperm family.
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The degree of cross-pollination depends on both the amount of wind and the panicle type, open heads being more liable to cross - pollination than compact ones.
7. Sorghum
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Outcrossing is mainly achieved through dioecy and self-incompatibility, or promoted by dichogamy in the hermaphroditic flowers, and facilitated by wind pollination.
Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests
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The exserted stamens and feathery stigma branches, unique in the family, along with the preference of most species for open habitats, suggests wind pollination.
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Sugar sprays and attractants have failed to increase pollination.
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Cross-pollination (syngamy): pollen is delivered to a flower of a different plant.
Pollination
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During this period, the species feeds on the nectar and pollen of flowering saguaros and organ pipe cactus, contributing to the successful pollination of these succulents.
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Four other characteristics of global scientific interest are the responses of the plants of the region to 1) fire, 2) seed dispersal by ants and termites (myrmecochory), 3) the high level (83%) of plant pollination by insects, mainly beetles and flies and 4) its Gondwanaland floristic relicts which allow the reconstruction of very ancient floral communities.
Cape Floral Protected Areas, South Africa
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In the bagged experiment, fruitlet formation was never observed, suggesting that no agamospermy takes place, and that pollination is critical for fruit set.
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Thus, the pollination of S. vaginatum mainly by syrphids, instead of bees, in the Santa Cruz population seems to be connected to its flowering peak in the winter.
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Some plants with monoclinous flowers possess devices which prevent close-pollination.
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Despite being a self-compatible species, self-pollination is rare.
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Advance has been along two lines, markedly in relation to insect-pollination, one of which has culminated in the hypogynous epipetalous bicarpellate forms with dorsiventral often large and loosely arranged flowers such as occur in Scrophulariaceae, and the other in the epigynous bicarpellate small-flowered families of which the Compositae represent the most elaborate type.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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There are many cases where a single pollinator is responsible for pollinating many species of plants, for example long-tongued flies (Tabanidae and Nemestrinidae) are the exclusive pollinators of many genera of petaloid monocots as well as Pelargonium and Erica; a butterfly is the exclusive pollinator of a phylogenetically disparate group of red-flowered and autumn-flowering species; hopliine (monkey) beetle pollination has evolved convergently in many genera, etc.
Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
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He will plant two rows of sweetcorn, necessary for cross-pollination, by mid-August.
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For this reason, pollination can often fail and the seed not set, due to the fact that the specific pollinator has not visited the plant.
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The glands of the cyathium usually produce nectar, and pollination is mainly zoophilous.
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Unless pollen is transported to another plant, geitonogamous self-pollinations therefore become more likely when plants are visited.
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If insects smaller than the pollinator become trapped they may crawl out without pollination occurring or, if larger than the pollinator, they may stay trapped until the labellum opens again.
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This is sometimes referred to as self-pollination, but this is not synonymous with autogamy.
Pollination
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This type of pollination is called biotic pollination.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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There was a week's exhibition at the Pompidou: Anglo-French cross-pollination at the time of the Restoration.
DISPLACED PERSON
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Functionally, flowers are hermaphroditic, protogynous and self-compatible, but substantial seed production requires insect pollination.
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This result is contrary to our hypothesis that the pollination-dependent detrimental fitness effects of clipping were caused by increased self-pollination in damaged plants.
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Blueberries are partially self-fertile, which means they bear some fruit without cross-pollination.
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Pollinations were performed in June by applying the cotton stick loaded with pollen on the receptive stigmas.
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Minno studied the pollination biology of A. curtissii, but little is known of its autecology.
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Excessive pollination by fig wasps from a nearby caprifig tree caused the syconium to split open.
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The evolution of pollination strategies in epiphytic flowering plants have been strongly influenced by their habitat and spatial distribution.
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The emphasis is on horticultural aspects of reproductive biology and pollination ecology.
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Inefficient beetle-pollination and the automimicry system via asynchronous flowering might be responsible for the high level of pollen shortage and frequent geitonogamy.
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Pollination used both stored pollen and fresh pollen collected at the time of pollination from the plants whose tassels had remained attached.
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Foreign players are no longer an issue, which cannot be said in Wales, and even the New Zealand Rugby Union has admitted that there is something to be said for cross-pollination.
Premiership's winds of change are clearing out cobwebs for England
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Are there subgroups that, while potentially interfertile, are separated by geographic or theological barriers that prevent cross-pollination?
Birdwatching for creationists - The Panda's Thumb
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Perfect flowers are protandrous, hence the stigmas open after anthesis, which reduces the probability of autogamous self-pollination.
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Each marked branch per plant was assigned to one of the following treatments: control, unselective pollination exclusion, and nocturnal pollination exclusion.
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Smithsonian entomologist David Roubik points out that the stingless bee, rather than non-native species, has been essential to the pollination of tropical forest plants, and when the bee is in peril, so is the local ecology.
Honey: A sweet Maya legacy
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The emphasis is on horticultural aspects of reproductive biology and pollination ecology.
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O'Connell and Johnston, for example, found that microhabitat characteristics (e.g. presence of ericaceous shrubs or open canopy) had a larger effect on pollination success in the orchid Cypripedium acaule than floral traits.
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An internal connection exists among floral characters, the behavioral responses and structual modifications of the pollinator insects, pollination mechanism, and the fitness of entomophilous plants.
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Because self-incompatibility operates after pollination, it reduces geitonogamous self-fertilization but not geitonogamous pollination.
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Many species of tree depend on the wind for pollination.
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Cross-pollination may cause red rice to become resistant to herbicides.
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During pollination the female portion of the plant receives pollen from the tassel, resulting in fertilization of the ovule (kernel).
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In contrast, pollinator observations demonstrated that hawk moths visited flowers with larger corollas, and that the probability of producing a fruit for natural pollination plants increased with corolla diameter.
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I also found out that some pawpaw growers place road kill under blooming pawpaw trees to attract pollinating insects or hang chicken necks from the branches, which rot and attract flies, to insure good cross pollination.
Archive 2009-10-01
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Each incipient drupelet has its own stigma and good pollination requires the delivery of many grains of pollen to the flower so that all drupelets develop.
Pollination
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the cross-pollination of the arts
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All of this cross-pollination feeds into their pianism.
Times, Sunday Times
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Small flowers and red petals suggest pollination by small diptera or lepidoptera, but the flowers do not appear to produce nectar.
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen particels in seed plants from their devolpmant site in pollen "sacs" inthe male reproduction structures.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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Without sufficient pollination, the growth of the corn is stunted.
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All previous reports of orchid pollination through pseudocopulation involve solitary wasps or bees.
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Self-pollination in these strains was found to be controlled by duplicate, recessive genes.
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Orchids display a vast array of floral morphologies and pollination mechanisms.
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There seems to be no mechanism to limit self-pollination, and cleistogamous flowers have been reported in cultivated specimens of coralberry.
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Corn is wind-pollinated and cross-pollination can occur if not careful.
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Even foods grown organically for many years have tested positive for genetic engineering due to cross-pollination.
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A second explanation for the formation of seed in bagged hermaphroditic flowers can be apomixis, the formation of seed without pollination.
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After flower pollination, tiny fruits develop within the syconium, which turns into the ripened fig.
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen - plant grains that contain male DNA - from the male part of a flower to the female part of a flower.
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I've since learned this is a type of hoverfly, a species that specializes in flowers and is an important pollination agent for plants not serviced by bees or butterflies.
Archive 2010-04-01
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Unlike most modern grapes it is a pistillate female and so needs to be planted next to male vines from a close sibling variety to achieve pollination.
Windham Vineyards 2008 St. Pepin
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Furthermore, behavioral data reveal that pollen collection commonly is followed by geitonogamous pollination.
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What is common between all these services is that they provide a simple API to a wealth of data, enabling unprecedented cross-pollination between previously siloed information.
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This procedure was repeated on two consecutive days to ensure pollination of open flowers.
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The absence of the bumble bee meant that pollination had to be carried out artificially, using an electronic vibrating rod.
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Michelangelo is probably the result of cross-pollination between Donatello and some other chile I own. on August 6, 2009 at 6: 52 pm | Reply wererabbits
Gardening update, 2009-08-02 « Were rabbits
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Pollination occurs when insects carrying pollinia visit another flower and deposit pollen on the stigma.
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On the horticultural level, he gives technical descriptions of graftage and cuttage and discusses the role of pollination of date palms and the caprification of fig.
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Emasculated plants produced 1.3 times the number of seeds produced by plants experiencing natural self-pollination.
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Speaking of pollination, corn is wind-pollinated, and cross-pollination can occur if one is not careful.
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The exact same methods developed by growers of rapeseed can be used to control cross pollination from GM crops.
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The pollination biology of Aechmea pectinata was studied in a submontane rainforest in south-eastern Brazil.
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Corn is tasselling and although it is hot, the high humidity should prevent problems with pollination.
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Pollination can be cross-pollination with a pollinator and an external pollenizer, self-pollenization with a pollinator, or self-pollination without any pollinator:
Pollination
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Despite the abundance of Impatiens species in China, studies of pollination systems and pollination ecology have not been reported.
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All previous reports of orchid pollination through pseudocopulation involve solitary wasps or bees.
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Examination of particular species seems to show elaborate systems for enhancing cross-pollination.
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However, anthophilous birds appeared to mostly forage higher in the trees and probably consumed more nectar from, and provided more pollination services to, flowers higher in the trees.
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Each is a hermetically sealed universe, bumping off the others with very little cross-pollination.
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This cross-pollination might even lead to an European-wide alliance, also including the US and Canada; an Atlanticist Islamophobistan.
Pepe Escobar: Letter from Islamophobistan
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The nutmeg tree may be either male or female, and in the plantations one male tree is needed to ensure pollination of about a dozen females.
