How To Use Phylogeny In A Sentence
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The relationships between hagfishes, lampreys, and jawed vertebrates are one of the still-unresolved problems in craniate phylogeny.
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However, the examination of specific cases may still yield valuable insight into the relationship between phylogeny, ontogeny and ecology.
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Phylogeny, cytology, ethnobotany, conservation biology, and infraspecific taxa are all reasons why a revision of the North American species of Apios was needed.
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The simplest model assumes the same ratio for all branches in a phylogeny.
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Not only is phylogeny important for understanding paleontology, but paleontology in turn contributes to phylogeny.
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Recapitulating phylogeny as ontogeny, Jakobson states that the phatic is "the first verbal function acquired by infants; they are prone to communicate before being able to send or receive informative communication" (356).
'Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star' as an Ambient Poem; a Study of a Dialectical Image; with Some Remarks on Coleridge and Wordsworth
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In both cases, alterations of developmental timing produce parallels between ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Cowpea rhizobia, peanut rhizobia and mungbean rhizobia all belong to "Vigna" rhizobia phylogenetically. However the phylogeny of these rhizobia was poorly understood.
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The phylogeny of the eight monkeys is relatively well established, except for the interrelationships of the owl monkey, squirrel monkey, and tamarin.
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So these small horns may be more relevant to the study of dinosaur ontogeny than phylogeny (evolution).
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Phylogenetics, the science of phylogeny, is one part of the larger field of systematics, which also includes taxonomy.
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The German zoologist, Ernst Haeckel, suggested, in this theory, the idea that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny means that as over the short time span of nine months, a fetus, in the womb, goes through ontogenetic phases of development, it recapitulates the stages of development we see as we go up the evolutional scale -- phylogenetically, that took billions of years to develop.
Printing: A Book Review; The Terror Dream: Fear and Fantasy in Post-9/11 America by Susan Faludi
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Morphology and 18S rRNA phylogeny suggest that the microaerophilic amoeboflagellate Psalteriomonas lanterna, which possesses hydrogenosomes and elusive "modified mitochondria", belongs to the heterolobosea, a taxon that consists predominantly of aerobic, mitochondriate organisms.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Not only is phylogeny important for understanding paleontology, but paleontology in turn contributes to phylogeny.
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Professor Haeckel, of the famous University of Jena, would not deny this, with all that his new terms "ontogeny" and "phylogeny" may imply.
Life: Its True Genesis
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Next, we generated 100 parametric bootstrap replicates conditioned upon this phylogeny and the corresponding estimated model of evolution.
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The phylogeny produced by Johnson and Patterson is quite robust; it is based on 112 anatomical characters and every node is supported by at least three uncontroverted synapomorphies.
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One can agree that LGT will likely not interfere with a robust phylogeny for primates that indeed recreates ancient splittings of their populations, without buying in to the notion that the supposed sisterhood of Thermotogales and Aquificales [two bacterial phyla — OT] revealed by a small subset of their shared ribosomal protein genes reflects an even remotely similar evolutionary process.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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The molecular phylogeny does agree in one respect with the morphological one in that there are close similarities between the larvae of hemichordates (acorn worms and pterobranchs) and some echinoderms.
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He was obsessed with the systematic classification of his specimens, and he could talk about beetle phenetics and phylogeny for hours.
A FEW SHORT NOTES ON TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES
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We are establishing a molecular phylogeny for this group in order elucidate patterns of dermapteran diversification and evolution.
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Ernst Haeckel coining the phrase ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny to describe the view.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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Progress in our understanding of the relationships between ontogeny and phylogeny forever seems to be bogged in nomenclatural disputes.
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Woese then hazarded that such chimerism probably would not prove a significant problem, from the example provided by congruent alpha-proteobacterial trees based on cytochromes c and rRNA, from the general robustness of the rRNA phylogeny, and from its ability to predict certain domain-level phenotypic characters (for instance, the differences in bacterial and archaeal cell envelopes, transcription, and translation).
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Monophyly and phylogeny of cuckoos (Aves, Cuculidae) inferred from osteological characters.
Archive 2006-11-01
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Thus, he concluded, "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny ", which means the development of the individual embryo repeats its alleged evolutionary history.
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Phylogeny trees show that brown bear and polar bear is a sister group, American black bear has a close relation with brown bear and polar bear, but has a distant relation with Asian black bear.
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The enigma of the landlocked Baikal and Caspian seals addressed through phylogeny of phocine mitochondrial sequences.
The most inconvenient seal
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Measurement of the distinguishing characteristics of the skeleton - the skull and pelvis - led some anatomists to conclude that white women ranked below European men in the scales of both ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Hmm… Since ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny I don't think there actually is a completion of the quest.
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Regression through the origin with phylogenetically independent contrasts … which is equivalent to phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis, accounts for the nonindependence of species and indicates no overall evolutionary relationship between the traits … The apparent pattern across species was driven by positively correlated trait change only at the basal split of the phylogeny; throughout the rest of the phylogeny, the traits mostly changed in opposite directions (A; basal contrast in red) ….
Discover Blogs
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Therefore it was important to clarify the theoretical foundations of both phylogeny and systematics.
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In some cases, gene relationships among cnidarian groups are congruent with the species phylogeny: hydrozoan sequences are sister-group to scyphozoan sequences, with anthozoan sequences branching basally to this ensemble.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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We might use phylogeny to support a proposed cladistic classification, but a clade is * defined* as an organism and all its descendents.
A New Book
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A consensus is beginning to emerge regarding many key nodes in basal metazoan and cnidarian phylogeny, but many important questions remain.
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Phylogeny and species limits in the Palearctic Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) complex: mitochondrial genetic variation and bioacoustic evidence.
Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests
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Conflicting evidence on the position of brachiopods in metazoan phylogeny exists.
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Discuss in detail a good example of recapitulation, showing how the stages of ontogeny parallel those of phylogeny.
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A data dump now about problems with metazoan (or chordate or mammalian) phylogeny would be getting ahead of the discussion.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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The phylogeny of Rex3 diverges significantly from the classical fish phylogeny.
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Can anyone get more obscure than biologists and paleontologists, who reflect for thirteen syllables on whether or not ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny?
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Heterochronic evolution has been defined as a morphological change inscribed within an ontogenetic trajectory that produces parallelism between ontogeny and phylogeny.
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Molecular phylogeny of elapid snakes and a consideration of their biogeographic history.
Archive 2006-07-01
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If ontogeny really did recapitulate phylogeny, then phylogenetic relationships might be determined directly by reference to ontogenetic sequences.
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The interordinal phylogeny of the hemipteroid assemblage is still an unresolved trichotomy.
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By mapping homologous skeletal elements of the vertebrate forelimb onto their phylogeny, an explicit alternative interpretation of the significance of Hox gene expression emerges.
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Faludi used a biomedical analogy -- the concept the ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny --- that the stages of development of a fetus recapitulate the evolutional stages from single celled micro-organism to fish to amphibian to reptile to hairy mammal.
Printing: Hillary Clinton-- Victim of the War on the Feminine, Just like the 9/11 Victims
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Clearly, raising each unique sequence type to the level of a strain is not biologically informative as each ‘strain’ will map to a terminal branch in a phylogeny and little can be inferred biogeographically or evolutionarily.
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Woese then hazarded that such chimerism probably would not prove a significant problem, from the example provided by congruent alpha-proteobacterial trees based on cytochromes c and rRNA, from the general robustness of the rRNA phylogeny, and from its ability to predict certain domain-level phenotypic characters (for instance, the differences in bacterial and archaeal cell envelopes, transcription, and translation).
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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The Siddall group addressed the molecular phylogeny of three, very similar, alveolate genera.
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A data dump now about problems with metazoan (or chordate or mammalian) phylogeny would be getting ahead of the discussion.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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On a new terrestrial genus and species of Scottiinae Crustacea, Ostracoda from Australia, with a discussion on the phylogeny and the zoogeography of the subfamily, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243:21-36.
Archive 2008-04-01
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Although a strong form of recapitulation is not correct, phylogeny and ontogeny are intertwined, and many biologists are beginning to both explore and understand the basis for this connection.
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The observed toxin phylogeny is, thus, consistent with both single and multiple recruitments of these proteins into the venom proteome.
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According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), the Brazil nut family belongs to the order Ericales which is basal to the euasterid clade.
Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) in the New World
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The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis.
More on what I saw at the zoo
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At least some of the observed variation is real (and not just individual variation, or clinal) – but how much of it, and what does it mean for taxonomy and phylogeny?
Archive 2006-01-01
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Indeed, in his seminal 1987 review Bacterial Evolution, Carl Woese (34) stressed the incompatibility of ribosomal RNA phylogenies with even those few higher taxa that microbiologists still believed in and noted that “not only did we know very little about eubacterial phylogeny before the advent of the rRNA approach, but what we thought we knew tended to be wrong.”
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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The molecular phylogeny presented here is consistent with either two independent origins of echolocation within the chiropteran lineage or a single origin.
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It briefly reviews the history of chiropteran viruses and discusses their emergence in the context of geography, phylogeny, and ecology.
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In some cases, gene relationships among cnidarian groups are congruent with the species phylogeny: hydrozoan sequences are sister-group to scyphozoan sequences, with anthozoan sequences branching basally to this ensemble.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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There shall always be exceptions, but the rule is that heredity to a large extent determines the environment in which we are going to live - or ontogeny determines phylogeny.
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Certainly it does not acheive a result more consonant with the accepted gnathostome phylogeny.
Panderichthys rhombolepis - The Panda's Thumb
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The phylogeny of archaeans is based on molecular sequences in their DNA.
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For more information on the phylogeny and diversity of the Coleoptera, try the coleopteran pages on the Tree of Life exhibit at the University of Arizona.
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Ernst Haeckel using the phrase ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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We extended the analysis to the five cowbird species that conform a monophyletic group in the phylogeny.
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Therefore it was important to clarify the theoretical foundations of both phylogeny and systematics.
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In either case, the starlike phylogeny may have been caused by population expansion.
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The evolution of manus shape in sauropod dinosaurs: implications for functional morphology, forelimb orientation, and phylogeny.
Archive 2006-04-01
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This result was somewhat hard to interpret, as no explicit phylogenetic hypothesis was made, and the effect of phylogeny on, among other things, the independence of comparisons went unconsidered.
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Some microbiologists argue that archaeobacteria and prokaryote phylogeny can't be fit into a tree; the sensationalist New Scientist cover was shown.
Planet Atheism
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Polytomy: A polytomy (also called a polychotomy) is a section of a phylogeny in which the evolutionary relationships can not be fully resolved to dichotomies.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Ontogenetic studies of the bracteoles in Chenopodiaceae could contribute to resolution of a robust phylogeny for the family.
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In a current project we concentrate on the basal insects and aim to elucidate the phylogeny among the so-called apterygotes and their relationships to other arthropods using molecular and morphological approaches.
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Using morphological characters, Livezey generated a phylogeny for dabbling ducks that included most of the Australasian teals.
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Second, our work with lacertids helped make us both keenly aware of the importance of phylogeny and phylogenetic control in comparative biology.
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In this regard, both the phylogeny and function of archaeal selenoproteins are consistent with the argument that the archaeal ancestor was a methanogen.
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The correlation between molecular phylogeny and biogeography is close.
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Current thinking in the phylogeny of protists places the dinoflagellates in the Alveolates, along with the Apicomplexa, Ciliata, and Foraminifera.
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Recall that the central theme of monism is the so-called biogenetic law stating that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.
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These models directly infer phylogeny by using only the substitution distances of the scalar.
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While unfortunately few phylogenetic studies include both species together, a comprehensive recent DNA-based phylogeny found the two to be well apart, with Polyboroides down with Old World vultures and honey buzzards, while Geranospiza was in the buteonine clade that also includes Buteo (of course) and Leucopternus (Lerner et al. 2005).
Archive 2006-05-01
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It has a nice figure of artiodactyl phylogeny, including cetaceans.
Science, Non-Science, and Pseudoscience - The Panda's Thumb
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Though to say phylogeny recapitulates ontogeny is obviously wrong.
Cheeseburger Gothic » Snip snip.
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The phylogeny of human society, the evolution that moves toward intellectual economy just about history.
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As we will see below, phylogeny is to some extent recapitulated in embryological development, but it does not recapitulate the adult forms.
Haeckel had a point - The Panda's Thumb
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We use this mitochondrial phylogeny, ancestral state reconstruction, and geometric morphometrics to test whether patterns of morphological evolution, including the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin reduction, and craniofacial morphology, are shared throughout the osteichthyan tree of life.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Secondary absence of mitochondria in Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis revealed by valyl-tRNA synthetase phylogeny.
Parasite Rex
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Homologs of highly lineage-specific genes are distributed restrictedly in fewer species in a given phylogeny, while homologs of highly conserved genes are distributed broadly in many groups of species.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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If you take a look at animal phylogeny, an important group are the diploblastic phyla, the cnidarians and ctenophores.
Jellyfish lack true Hox genes! - The Panda's Thumb
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Sacks suggests that the way to learn a subject is to go through it historically for oneself - a mental version of ontogeny recapitulating phylogeny - and the account of him doing so is as lovely as it is riveting.
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Woese then hazarded that such chimerism probably would not prove a significant problem, from the example provided by congruent alpha-proteobacterial trees based on cytochromes c and rRNA, from the general robustness of the rRNA phylogeny, and from its ability to predict certain domain-level phenotypic characters (for instance, the differences in bacterial and archaeal cell envelopes, transcription, and translation).
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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In addition to ecology, phylogeny may also influence life history parameters.
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He was obsessed with the systematic classification of his specimens, and he could talk about beetle phenetics and phylogeny for hours.
A FEW SHORT NOTES ON TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES
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Basic questions such as the chromosomal evolution or the phylogeny of these living fossils are still unresolved.
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Omnivorous, herbivorous, and insectivorous species were selected for study of plant chemical discrimination to facilitate comparisons between diet and chemosensory responses in relation to iguanian phylogeny.
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One accepted phylogeny classifies Rheidae as a family, with two species and several races.
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According to the phylogeny of these snakes cited in the paper, the ancestral snakes had symmetric dentition, which suggests that the unequal teeth numbers on the snake's jaws is an adaptation to preying on dextral snails.
Evolution of jaw asymmetry in snail-eating snakes
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A symposium on prosobranch phylogeny was held in 1986 which resulted in several papers using cladistic analysis to produce phylogenetic hypotheses of various gastropod groups.
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Dashed lines represent an amalgam of three conservative estimates of the inferred metazoan phylogeny.
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We used to learn in high-school biology that ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’: The development of each individual human being resembles the evolution of the species.
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A mammalian molecular consensus phylogeny was taken, and appendicular and cecal characters were mapped onto the constraint tree as described in the Materials and methods.
Evolution of the appendix? - The Panda's Thumb
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In embryology, we see that ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’; that the human embryo goes through phases in development that reflect evolutionary changes from earlier vertebrates such as fish.
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If this is indeed so, then symbiont phylogeny should roughly correlate with host phylogeny.
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Haeckel maintained not only that all vertebrate embryos evolved from a common ancestor, but also that in their development ( "ontogeny") they replay ( "recapitulate") their evolutionary history ( "phylogeny").
Evolution News & Views
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Some ambiguous changes were possible because of unresolved phylogeny or equivocal reconstruction.
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The root of angiosperm phylogeny inferred from duplicate phytochrome genes.
Biological diversity in New Caledonia
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The ML phylogeny inferred from the concatenation of the 129 genes is shown in figure 1.
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He was obsessed with the systematic classification of his specimens, and he could talk about beetle phenetics and phylogeny for hours.
A FEW SHORT NOTES ON TROPICAL BUTTERFLIES
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Pes anatomy in sauropod dinosaurs: implications for functional morphology, evolution, and phylogeny.
Archive 2006-04-01
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‘A Molecular Phylogeny of Reptiles,’ published in 1999 in the journal Science, presents evidence that supports a re-ordering of the relationships among living reptiles.
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More specifically it is through the history of nature as human nature, the enfolding of phylogeny in ontogeny, that psychoanalysis is intergenerated.
'The Abyss of the Past': Psychoanalysis in Schelling's Ages of the World (1815)
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Here we use gene genealogies to investigate the phylogeny of recent speciation in the heliconiine butterflies.
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Phylogeny of electronics is introduced in detail from primitive correspondence method to modern and high - tech realm.
