How To Use Phloem In A Sentence
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Merged bright-field and aniline-blue stained UV fluorescence images showing the correspondence between xylem and phloem-associated callose
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In dicot trees the outer layer of the trunk and branches is called bark, a term that refers to all of the tissue from the cambium and phloem to the outer surface.
5. How plants live and grow
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The secondary phloem in perennial stems consists of sieve tubes with companion cells, storage and crystalliferous parenchyma and sclereids in both species.
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Mineral nutrients such as potassium are transported readily in the phloem.
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(AL-jee) Primitive organisms that contain chlorophyll but do not have structures, such as xylem and phloem, to transport fluids.
Algae
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Surprisingly, two studies have reported considerable amounts of Further, aphids and other phloem feeders produce honeydew which is an important source of carbohydrates for sugar feeding arthropods, including hymenopteran parasitoids and aphid predators
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Aphids also tend to like tender shoots and flower buds as these organs have a lot of phloem transport; this causes bud loss and fewer new leaves.
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Potassium has the property of high phloem mobility and, as a result, of a high degree of reutilization by retranslocation via phloem.
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The estimation of the water uptake and water flow in xylem and phloem was outlined by Jiang et al..
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Oil droplets penetrated or diffused into plants via both stomata and the cuticle of leaves and stems, and then moved within intercellular spaces and into various cells including phloem and xylem.
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Before I met Lena, three years ago, I devoted myself entirely to opening young minds onto the mysteries of xylem and phloem.
HOMELAND AND OTHER STORIES
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Subsequently, this cambium produces both wound xylem and wound phloem and thus contributes to further thickening.
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Routinely, over 50 l of phloem sap was collected, however, only a few microlitres were required for analysis.
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Both xylem and phloem form a continuous branched system in the whole plant body.
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The conducting tissues within the vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem.
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It possessed secondary xylem and secondary phloem, which were produced by a bifacial vascular cambium with ray and fusiform initials.
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In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissue, known as cambium; by the formation of a layer of cambium between the bundles
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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The aim of this research is to extract and utilize secretion of phloem of Tilia mongolica that use them to increase the zoophobous ability and phylactic power of non-resistant tree species.
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The phloem of some stems also contains thick-walled, elongate fiber cells which are called bast fibers.
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The leafhopper acquires the phytoplasma while feeding by inserting its stylet a long, slender hollow feeding structure into the phloem of infected plants and withdrawing the phytoplasma with the plant sap.
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In vascular plant biology, electro-osmosis is also used as an alternative or supplemental explanation for the movement of polar liquids via the phloem.
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Cytokinins were analysed in leaf extracts, leaf phloem exudate and in the shoot apical meristem at different times during floral transition.
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In addition, the xylem - because of its lignification, is a stiffer material compared to the living tissues: phloem, collenchyma and parenchyma.
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In the end, she would help him form cambia on the outside of his phloem.
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The bundles contain both xylem and phloem, and are marked by the presence of large canals known as carinal canals, which also function in water conduction.
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The disease is spread from plant to plant primarily by phloem feeding leafhoppers.
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On analysis of freeze-dried sections of flower stem, these cells were identified as large, elongated cells situated between the phloem of every vascular bundle and the endodermis.
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ABA loss directly from the symplast to the apoplast is up to 4000 times lower than from mesophyll cells, phloem elements and stem parenchyma cells.
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The parasitic plants germinate on white fir branches and force their roots into the phloem of the host branch.
White fir
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But the speed of transmission is high for the transport of a chemical signal in the phloem.
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An ordinary epidermal cell; st. stomata; sc. sclerenchyma; ph. phloëm; chl c. chlorenchyma; m. motor cells; xy. xylem.]
A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses
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Bast fibers come from the phloem tissues of dicotyledonous plants.
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The photographs indicate movement of oil from treated leaf surfaces to stems and extensive distribution of oil in the mesophyll, cortex, phloem, xylem, and pith of plant tissues.
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Aniline blue staining was carried out to reveal phloem-associated callose in cotyledons and true leaves.
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Nutrients enter seeds through the maternal vascular system at relatively high concentrations in the phloem.
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Root tissue samples are hereafter referred to as periderm, phloem and xylem.
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Vascular secondary growth results from the activity of the vascular cambium, which produces secondary phloem and secondary xylem.
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For the stem, the outermost green tissue, including both phloem and cambium were estimated.
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The conducting tissues within the vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem.
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Phloem elements and adjacent tissues are the principal feeding sites for most aphids.
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Note the chalazal vascular bundle that encircles about three-quarters of the seed and the two short side branches that contain phloem only.
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Along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America, both species feed exclusively on the phloem sap of cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora.
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In the end, she would help him form cambia on the outside of his phloem.
365 tomorrows » 2010 » February : A New Free Flash Fiction SciFi Story Every Day
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In multicellular plants fluxes to and from roots via xylem and phloem further complicate the situation.
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Raffinose, as well as other members of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, are important phloem transport and storage carbohydrates for many plants.
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In dicots the phloem is a distinct layer separated from the xylem by a thin layer of cambial tissue
5. How plants live and grow
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(interfascicular cambium) a complete ring is formed, and a regular periodical increase in thickness results from it by the development of xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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In the latter, phloem is produced outwardly from each of the successive cambia and therefore lies between conjunctive tissue (which is not secondary xylem) and the secondary xylem produced by each of the cambia.
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Thus, the phloem is neither ‘interxylary’ nor ‘included’ in dicotyledons with successive cambia.
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This tissue is comprised of two types of specialized cells called xylem and phloem.
Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium - Recent changes [en]
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In this study, the pectate lyase gene expression was located in the recent products of cambial divisions of both phloem and xylem and conspicuously localized in the xylem parenchyma cells of young vascular bundles.
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In Florida, Prokelisia are present throughout the year feeding on the phloem and laying eggs into the adaxial surfaces of the leaves.
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In the intact plant, inositol is synthesized in the leaf in response to salinization, and transported to the root in phloem.
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The cambium produces phloem tissue to the outside and xylem tissue to the inside.
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Secondary phloem fibres develop from the vascular cambium although secondary vascular growth remains limited.
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After a female borer lays its eggs on an ash tree, the larvae burrow through the bark and feed on vascular tissue called the phloem, cutting off the tree's supply of nutrients and starving it to death.
The Bugs Rescuing the Baseball Bats
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The stage IV stem illustrated here shows an outer covering of periderm with fine strips of fibres formed from the secondary phloem.
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Routinely, over 50 l of phloem sap was collected, however, only a few microlitres were required for analysis.
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Instead, it appears that there is a barrier to movement between the post-phloem symplast and the nucellus.
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The leafhopper acquires the phytoplasma while feeding by inserting its stylet a long, slender hollow feeding structure into the phloem of infected plants and withdrawing the phytoplasma with the plant sap.
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—In autumn, with a great creaking and a snapping of twigs, they break away from trunks grown thick with bark and phloem, which become husks with jagged tips, or later often topple from sheer grief.
2009 June
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In vascular plant biology, electro-osmosis is also used as an alternative or supplemental explanation for the movement of polar liquids via the phloem.
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Chloroplasts were abundant in the secondary cortex and secondary phloem, and occurred throughout the secondary xylem rays and medulla of 3-year-old stems.
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The nectary is supplied by a single vascular bundle comprising xylem and phloem.
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Total free amino acids in the leaf extracts and in the phloem exudate were analysed with the ninhydrin reagent.
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In the vascular tissue of woody species, parenchyma cells include those in phloem, and the ray cells and axial parenchyma cells in xylem.
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There is a ring of small cambium cells around this merging into the phloem, which is composed of irregular cells, with pretty thick, but soft walls.
Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses
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Phytoplasmas live in the phloem food conducting tissues of their host plant.
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Generally, a high recycling from xylem to phloem was observed in the old parts of the shoot.
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In the forms in which it is most highly developed (Polytrichaceae) this tissue, which is comparable with the xylem of higher plants, is surrounded by a zone of tissue physiologically comparable to phloem, and in the rhizome may be limited by an endodermis.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria"
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But the speed of transmission is high for the transport of a chemical signal in the phloem.
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Within the pod wall vasculature, phloem companion cells also appear to differentiate transfer cell-like wall ingrowths.
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Young axes have higher values of structural Young's modulus than do older stages and this is reflected by the presence of fibre tissues, primary phloem fibres and collenchyma placed near the periphery of young axes.
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Slide 7: F ก F Fก 40x pericycle xylem pith phloem endodermis
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Expression of the DXR gene in adaxial phloem parenchyma cells was more pronounced in the young revoluted base of the leaves with a basipetal gradient decreasing toward the tips of older leaves.
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It is shown by microchemical identification and EDAX analysis that the crystals embedded in the wail of crystalliferous phloem fibers are calcium oxalate crystals.
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The vascular cambium, which is located between the xylem and phloem, functions to segregate the two tissues, and the source of stem cells that will eventually differentiate into one of them.
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Formation of phloem and early xylem was directly related to fruitlet size.
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Small blocks of tissue, including cambium and the adjacent phloem and xylem, were cut with a sharp knife and a chisel from the stem of a single specimen of K. pictus that was growing on the campus of Hokkaido University.
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The phloem and cambium were brownish and necrotised.
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The outer ring of the stem contains all the functional tissue, including xylem, cambium, phloem, supporting tissues, and epidermis.
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Parenchyma rays occur throughout the xylem and phloem cells.