How To Use Permian In A Sentence
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There is a gap of several tens of millions of years between the Middle Permian when the last Metoptomatids lived, and the Middle Triassic when the true limpets appear.
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It's Comer , folks, into the end zone for another Permian touchdown!
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The Park overlies a segment of a 400 km long southwest-trending fossil reef that surrounds the Delaware Basin of southeastern New Mexico and western Texas which was a small reef-fringed inland sea in Permian times 280-250 mya.
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, United States
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It is now widely recognized that the events at the Permian-Triassic boundary gave rise to major terrestrial ecosystem collapse.
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Carboniferous and Permian strata often contain useful index fossils belonging to this group.
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In the dry late Permian environment many types of synapsids and reptiles flourished.
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In eastern Mongolia late Permian marine sediments with brachiopods, crinoids and Bryozoa and Triassic marine sediments with ammonites occur in the suture zone, indicating that marine conditions existed during these times.
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The great lycopod and cordaite trees of the Carboniferous and Permian were long gone, although smaller lycopods survived.
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Carboniferous and Permian strata often contain useful index fossils belonging to this group.
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The only known igneous rocks in the area are Permian periodotite and lamprophyre dikes as well as diatremes of ultramafic composition associated with the Fluorite district.
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The Permian extinction, 244 million years ago, devastated the marine biota: tabulate and rugose corals, blastoid echinoderms, graptolites, and most crinoids died out, as did the last of the trilobites.
Paleozoic
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Like the lycopod trees, these woody calamites scarcely survived the ‘Age of Coal’, and by the mid-Permian they were extinct.
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Biarmosuchians are a group of small-to-medium sized carnivorous therapsids known exclusively from Middle to Upper Permian strata in South Africa and Russia.
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Permian and Triassic plutonic complexes comprise monzonite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite with minor gabbro and diorite.
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Strong uniformity in Permian ammonoid biostratigraphy and provincialism between Xinjiang and Pamir is suggested.
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The alternative possibility, that incision was achieved by fluvial processes during an end-Permian eustatic lowstand, is less likely for the following reasons.
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Early Permian lagenides do not exhibit marked provincialism, but there is evidence for paleolatitudinal control on assemblages.
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The early Permian rifting in the North Atlantic involved siliciclastic sedimentation in extensional basins and widespread extrusive and intrusive magmatic activity.
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The lower (Permian) unit consists of glacio-marine sequences including tillite, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and limestone horizons.
Tasmanian Wilderness, Australia
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In the Beysehir region, kilometre-sized blocks of fusulinid-bearing Permian limestone occur directly beneath the ophiolite.
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Both Permian perrinitid ammonoid areas are located within the transitional belt between the active geosyncline and the adjacent stable platform.
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The research shows that the Lower Carboniferous source rock is the dominating contributor to the natural gas, and the Permian source rock contribution is subordinate.
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Oil and gas production in the Permian is on a seemingly inevitable decline.
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This in turn has important implications for our understanding of the depositional setting and distribution of the Permian coals that occur across much of the southern supercontinent.
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During the late Permian the dinocephalians suddenly disappeared (possibly due to disease or changing environmental factors), and were replaced by a further wave of more mammalian therapsids.
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Nonmarine occurrences of Rusophycus-like bilobed resting traces, widely recorded from Devonian to Permian subaqueous deposits, were probably produced by notostracan or phyllopod crustaceans.
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At the locality in question, cast-dipping beds of the Middle Permian Park City and Phosphoria Formations form a succession of low ridges and intervening swales.
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The dominant taxa at that time (modal geometries C and D) had compressed, moderately to openly umbilicate shells with slowly expanding whorls, morphologies poorly exploited by Permian goniatitids.
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The terminal Permian catastrophe, which killed off 95% of all types of life, cleared the world of all large therapsids and allowed the proterosuchids to take center stage as the top carnivore.
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The basin rose and became continent since Permian Period.
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This family presently contains more than 22 genera subdivided into three subfamilies, and the family extends through most of the Permian.
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Unlike the fusulinides, lagenides survived both the end-Guadalupian and end-Permian mass extinctions to become dominant elements of the Mesozoic calcareous benthic microfauna.
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In contrast, glacial and periglacial deposits, such as dropstones, were formed at high latitudes; these are notably important in the late Carboniferous and early Permian.
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No polar glaciations are known during the Late Permian.
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The taxonomically diverse goniatites dominated the Carboniferous-Permian ammonoid fauna.
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On its eastern margin in Mount Cook National Park, the schist gradually changes back into Permian-Triassic greywacke of a separate terrain.
Te Wahipounamu (South-West New Zealand World Heritage Area), New Zealand
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They are known to occur in abundance at only a few localities around the world and are entirely absent from some classic, highly diverse Permian ammonoid localities, such as the Urals in Russia and Kazakhstan.
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Eastwards, a Permian terrane of greywacke sandstone becomes progressively more highly metamorphosed to become schist which forms the Southern Alps contained within Mount Aspiring National Park.
Te Wahipounamu (South-West New Zealand World Heritage Area), New Zealand
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The commonest pre-Permian formation encountered in boreholes in sheet S is the Carboniferous Limestone.
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Otherwise, we have more of the lumbering and vaguely stegosaur-like "stegodons" seen elsewhere in Azeroth and a bizarre mutation of basilisk that they're calling "Diemetradon" (clearly loosely inspired by the Permian-aged Dimetrodon, which, you'll note, isn't a dinosaur, but, rather, a pelycosaurian synapsid).
Howard Hughes Looks the Other Way
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The records from coeval localities in Russia and NW China provide independent and unique evidence of deteriorating atmospheric conditions at the close of the Permian.
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Jansen also describes gabbro, diabase, ultrabasic rocks and Permian limestones in a comparable section on Naxos.
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It happened 252 million years ago, at the boundary of the Permian and Triassic geological ages.
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Was There a Mass Extinction of Land Plants at the Permian - Triassic Boundary ( PTB )?
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The Limestone Plains ecoregion is composed of thin strata of Permian-age limestone, sandy limestones, and mudstone.
Ecoregions of Texas (EPA)
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The Permian saw the appearance of stoneflies, true bugs, beetles, and caddisflies, among other groups.
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There's strong evidence to suggest that the massive climate disruptions which appear to have caused the Permian-Triassic extinctions were driven by the outgassing of CO2 from the huge upsurge of volcanicity in Siberia.
Environment news, comment and analysis from the Guardian | guardian.co.uk
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A major extensional event of Permian age post-dates all of these strata.
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Does lithology account for the very different patterns of faulting in the Permian sandstones and dolostones?
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Whereas the Early Permian pelycosaur record is extensive, Carboniferous pelycosaur remains are rare and poorly known.
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The extinction occurred at the boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods at a time when all land was concentrated in a supercontinent called Pangea.
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A characteristic pelycosaur was Dimetrodon, a large predator from the Permian of Texas.
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Both events clearly post-date the lower Rotliegend volcanism in the Southern Permian Basin where the volcanics give radiometric ages in the range 288300 Ma.
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The wonderful silicified Permian ferns from Brazil, such as psaronias, tieteas, and calamites, are also described.
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Jansen also describes gabbro, diabase, ultrabasic rocks and Permian limestones in a comparable section on Naxos.
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Whether or not his reconstruction corresponds to an actual creature, it at least represents a good morphotype for slightly more derived, but still primitive, therapsids from the Late Permian.
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Otherwise, we have more of the lumbering and vaguely stegosaur-like "stegodons" seen elsewhere in Azeroth and a bizarre mutation of basilisk that they're calling "Diemetradon" (clearly loosely inspired by the Permian-aged Dimetrodon, which, you'll note, isn't a dinosaur, but, rather, a pelycosaurian synapsid).
Howard Hughes Looks the Other Way
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Thus the relatively stable East Midlands Platform has not undergone post-Permian vertical movements of some 2500 m indicated by the vitrinite data.
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Chang proposed that a triple junction developed in the Songpan-Ganzi Terrane during the Permian and detritus from the Dabie-Sulu belt and adjacent areas filled the new oceanic basin.
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From the Early Permian to the Late Triassic, however, there are only a few reports of mite wood borers.
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In three main coal - forming periods arsenic contents decrease from Tertiary, Late Triassic to Late Permian.
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The largest would be the ‘Permo-Triassic’ extinction, between the Permian and Triassic periods, of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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These end Permian fullerenes are also associated with shocked quartz, another direct indicator of impact.
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They intrude Upper Carboniferous host rocks (Westphalian B-C), but do not penetrate the Permian units.
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During the Late Permian they evolved huge, heavily armored herbivores, the pareiasaurs.
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What about the 30-inch dragonflies, six inch cockroaches, and the dimetrodons of the Permian period?
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Conclusion Oil - bearing formation of Permian is distributing in the southwest of Tiaohu depressions and Malang depression.
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The event, known as the Great Dying, occurred about 250 million years ago at the boundary between the Permian and Triassic periods.
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No fossils in the California Permian collection, other than the ‘hydrozoan’ described here, show a close affinity to Tethyan forms.
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The Great Dying occurred between the Permian and Triassic periods, when all of today's continents were concentrated in one great land mass called Pangea.
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According to these studies, allometric growth is particularly common in Carboniferous and Permian ammonoids.
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The conglomerates contain a mixture of basement-derived clasts and large Upper Permian limestone clasts.
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Permian shelf-type successions there pass into Triassic sandstones and shales with detached Permian limestone blocks, overlain by Upper Triassic neritic carbonates.
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It was a fissure filling of Paleozoic, probably Permian, age.
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The majority of these flutes commence in the lee of Carboniferous and Permian boulders, indicative of a local subglacial origin.
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Following the extinction of the Permian therapsids due to the end Permian-extinction, most of the large animals that populated Pangea were archosaurs or archosauromorphs.
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The first neuropterans are believed to have appeared during the Permian, almost 300 million years ago.
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The spatial and temporal coincidence between basalt eruption and continental rifting, as well as regional doming prior to eruption, suggest that continental break-up was a response to the Late Permian Emeishan plume.
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Thick Permian to Cretaceous continental rise deposits merge southward into a continuous Ordovician to Eocene shelf sedimentary succession of marine carbonate, sandstone, siltstone and shale.
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The early Permian saw the continuation of the Carboniferous biomes, with polar tundra regions and warm wet tropical swamp forests.
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The Permian saw the appearance of stoneflies, true bugs, beetles, and caddisflies, among other groups.
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The Murihiku Terrane is one of several Permian to early Cretaceous tectonostratigraphic terranes comprising the basement underlying New Zealand.
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The wonderful silicified Permian ferns from Brazil, such as psaronias, tieteas, and calamites, are also described.
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The surface structure, especially in the Zilair Nappe and the Carboniferous and Permian sediments that form the frontal structure in the west, is well constrained by field data.
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Uppermost Permian and Triassic terrestrial sediments conformably overlie the terminal volcanic rocks.
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The ganoids had already reached their evolutionary climax in the Permian and Triassic, some 270-190 million years ago; today they are few in number when compared with the dominant bony fishes.
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Whatever disaster overtook life on Earth at the end of the Permian killed off just about all of the temnospondyls in a fairly short space of time.
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Like the lycopod trees, these woody calamites scarcely survived the ‘Age of Coal’, and by the mid-Permian they were extinct.
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During the Late Permian they evolved huge, heavily armored herbivores, the pareiasaurs.
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Calcareous microgranular and porcellaneous tests evolved in the Carboniferous, and calcareous hyaline tests in the Permian.
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The early Permian saw the continuation of the Carboniferous biomes, with polar tundra regions and warm wet tropical swamp forests.
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Fossils of the group are mostly Cenozoic, though some Permian and Carboniferous fossils are also known.
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Calcareous microgranular and porcellaneous tests evolved in the Carboniferous, and calcareous hyaline tests in the Permian.
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The crash in the Permian period 245 million years ago involved the disappearance of between 77 and 96 per cent of all marine animal species.
SPIX'S MACAW: THE RACE TO SAVE THE WORLD'S RAREST BIRD
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Extensional faults are planed by a regional unconformity that is overstepped by Permian to Cretaceous strata.
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Eastwards, a Permian terrane of greywacke sandstone becomes progressively more highly metamorphosed to become schist which forms the Southern Alps contained within Mount Aspiring National Park.
Te Wahipounamu (South-West New Zealand World Heritage Area), New Zealand
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Permian shale, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, sands, marls, and dolostones were deposited by sea-level fluctuations.
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Permian the Lepidodendron and Sigillaria were very rare, and before the end of the epoch they and the Calamites also had become extinct.
The Elements of Geology
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The freshwater shark, some 20 inches (50 centimeter) long, dates back to the late Permian period, when the Saar-Nahe Basin in southwest Germany was peppered with short-lived lakes.
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The commonest pre-Permian formation encountered in boreholes in sheet S is the Carboniferous Limestone.
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I guess this lets me "improve" my hideous Alt-Permian picture, and maybe draw up a real Permian synapsid, too.
Life's Time Capsule: A Minor Delay
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The latter sediments are covered by pelites and sandstones carrying marine invertebrate fossils and deltaic facies with a Glossopteris flora, which indicates an Early Permian age.
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Other orders (e.g. Orthoptera; grasshoppers) became very abundant and some appeared for the first time in the Permian.
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Afterward, global large-scale massive volcanic activity in Permian Period generally brought about metamorphism whole middle Cambrian Period volcanic sediment rock in research area.
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The time classed as late Permian and Triassic on the other hand was one of uplift, disturbance, volcanic action and extreme climates, which gave us the traps of Mt. Tom, the Palisades of the Hudson, the bold scenery of the Bay of Fundy and the gypsum and red beds which are generally supposed to be quite largely formed beneath the air and beds of tillite formed beneath glaciers.
Popular Science Monthly Oct, Nov, Dec, 1915 — Volume 86
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In the earliest known post-Tapinocephalus Zone fauna of southern Africa (where the fossil record for late Permian tetrapods is most complete), new groups of big herbivores - the beaked and toothless dicynodonts - appear.
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All groups of pelycosaurs went extinct by the end of the Permian.
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Like the lycopod trees, these woody calamites scarcely survived the ‘Age of Coal’, and by the mid-Permian they were extinct.
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Permian, to the Carboniferous, which is the bottom or landing of the
Time and Change
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During the Permian, India was a part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.
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This indicates that there existed a short period of radiolarian development before the great extinction at the Permian-Triassic transition.
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Permian and Triassic plutonic complexes comprise monzonite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite with minor gabbro and diorite.
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This is substantiated by the presence of eroded Permian carbonate clasts.
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The Cambrian Explosion, the Permian and Cretaceous Extinctions ---all blinks of the eye.
MINUTES TO BURN
