How To Use Optative In A Sentence
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From Rosenstock-Huessy's perspective, Heidegger's deployment of Being, as a gesture of defiance against the technicity into which the world has fallen, is precisely the same kind of optatively-governed gesture which characterizes the philosopher's freedom (an aesthetic/moral one).
Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy
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However, when developing his general theory of speech acts, Austin abandoned the constative/performative distinction, the reason being that it is not so clear in what sense something is done e.g. by means of an optative utterance, expressing a wish, whereas nothing is done by means of an assertoric one.
Him
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First of all, the 1ps subjunctive is typically understood to simply be *(-o)-oh₂ (although Jasanoff convincingly argues for a purely "athematic"1 *-oh₂ in the earliest stage of PIE, contrasting with present indicative *-mi) and the 1ps optative is normally *-yeh₁m.
Archive 2008-03-01
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Thus the importance to it of the subjunctive or optative mood.
Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy
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Imperative (prejective), conjunctive or optative (subjective), preterite or perfect (trajective), neutral indicative (objective) are grammatical necessities arising out of times and spaces.
Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy
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optative verb endings
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Even 'the college prizeman, and the college tutor cannot read a chorus in the Trilogy but what his mind instinctively wanders on optatives, choriambi, and that happy conjecture of Smelfungus in the antistrophe.' [
The Quarterly Review, Volume 162, No. 324, April, 1886
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So presumably if *h₁i-yéh₁-n̥t 'they should go' is the optative of an objective verb like *h₁y-énti 'they go', then theoretically *ḱéi-ih₁-th₂e 'you should lie down' rather than later *ḱéi-ih₁-s would have originally been the optative of *ḱéi-th₂or 'you lie down'.
Interesting quirks of a PIE subjective-objective model
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He has fourteen moods; his _interrogative, optative, hortative, promissive, precautive, requisitive, enunciative_, &c. But as far as philosophical accuracy and the convenience and advantage of the learner are concerned, it is believed that no arrangement is preferable to the following.
English Grammar in Familiar Lectures
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The _optative_ is formed of the subjunctive, or of the two mixed-tenses of the indicative, by adding the desiderative particles _velem_, _uel_, or _chi_; as _eluli velem_!
A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels - Volume 05 Arranged in Systematic Order: Forming a Complete History of the Origin and Progress of Navigation, Discovery, and Commerce, by Sea and Land, from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
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Greek has a particular mood called the optative mood.
Archive 2008-12-14
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The old neoplatonic shadow of what Emerson in ‘The Transcendentalist’ calls an ‘optative mood,’ reconciling textual particular and idealist consciousness, is not as far away here as one might initially imagine.
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This is not simply to avoid criticisms of judgment speech by translating it from the indicative to the optative.
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First of all, the 1ps subjunctive is typically understood to simply be *(-o)-oh₂ (although Jasanoff convincingly argues for a purely "athematic"1 *-oh₂ in the earliest stage of PIE, contrasting with present indicative *-mi) and the 1ps optative is normally *-yeh₁m.
Lehmann's dismissal of PIE *swe
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to go to Jericho, Bath, Hong Kong, Putney, etc.: used imperatively or optatively to imply that one desires to see no more of a person, or does not care what becomes of him.
Languagehat.com: GO TO, THOU ART A FOOLISH FELLOW.
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However, when developing his general theory of speech acts, Austin abandoned the constative/performative distinction, the reason being that it is not so clear in what sense something is done e.g. by means of an optative utterance, expressing a wish, whereas nothing is done by means of an assertoric one.
Him
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He has fourteen moods; his _interrogative, optative, hortative, promissive, precautive, requisitive, enunciative_, &c. But as far as philosophical accuracy and the convenience and advantage of the learner are concerned, it is believed that no arrangement is preferable to the following.
English Grammar in Familiar Lectures
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Likewise *-i is absent in all other irrealis moods ie. the optative, and likely too, the subjunctive.
The PIE *to-participle in my subjective-objective model
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The language of vainglory, of indignation, pity and revengefulness, optative: but of the desire to know, there is a peculiar expression called interrogative; as, What is it, when shall it, how is it done, and why so?
Leviathan
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The second sentence transforms the first from an indicative statement of fact into something more like an optative expression of desire.
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This is not simply to avoid criticisms of judgment speech by translating it from the indicative to the optative mood.