How To Use Nucleotide In A Sentence
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The three-letter abbreviations for the 659 amino acids encoded in the open reading frame beginning at nucleotide position 133 are also shown.
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The nia nucleotide sequences were compared among Fusarium species representative of different lineages.
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We use the fact that processed pseudogenes and functional genes are subject to different nucleotide-substitution patterns.
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The world's lingering,the end is still no match for the forget the bitter oligonucleotide soup.
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OBJECTIVE : To clone murine anti cTnI Fab fragment and analyse the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences.
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Irgm1 accumulated around the latex beads phagosomes (seen as refringent spheres) while the loss of the nucleotide-binding site completely abolished the phagosomal accumulation.
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The oligonucleotide is chemically modified for in vivo stability and specific placental uptake.
The Scientist
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These studies show that sucrose breakdown and starch synthesis are restricted by the levels of adenine and uridine nucleotide cofactors.
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Multiple mechanisms have evolved to repair damaged DNA, including the versatile nucleotide excision repair (NER) which is capable of removing a variety of bulky helix-distorting lesions, such as UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts
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Since guanosine is not converted to adenine nucleotides in flies, guanosine must somehow act indirectly, perhaps through a mechanism for balancing nucleotide pools.
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John J. Kasianowicz et al., “Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93 1996, 13770–13773.
The $1,000 Genome
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The complete nucleotide sequence of avian encephalomyelitis virus ( AEV ) isolate L _ 2 Z from China was determined.
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The oligo primer was end labeled using T4 polynucleotide kinase.
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Other sugar nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate acetylglucosamine and guanosine diphosphate mannose were also isolated.
Luis Leloir - Biography
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“A polynucleotide system based on a ribozyme polymerase able sequentially to add the correct nucleotides and thus copy itself might work.”
Good Math, Bad Math, and David Berlinkski - The Panda's Thumb
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Four microliters of the diluted mix were used as template for the preselective amplification reaction using primers with one selective nucleotide at the 3'-end.
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Complete mtDNA nucleotide sequences are available for a total of 76 species, of which 58 are metazoan.
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There are four types of nucleotides in DNA, each containing one of four bases - adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine.
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Yale graduate student Bob Kemp determined the fates of reduced pyridine nucleotides, NAPDH and NADH in Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation and growth using 1-T glucose, 1-T 2 deoxy-glucose and 3-T glucose.
Irwin Rose - Autobiography
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The structural and thermodynamic features of these stereoisomeric adducts are also discussed in relation to their reported low susceptibilities to nucleotide excision repair.
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This compares three sequences at a time using a tensor (three-dimensional array) which records the frequencies of nucleotide triplets across the three sequences.
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Krishnamurthy S, Samal SK (1998) Nucleotide sequences of the trailer, nucleocapsid protein gene and intergenic regions of Newcastle disease virus strain Beaudette C and completion of the entire genome sequence.
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The high rate of evolution in ancestral repeats may be due partly to higher levels of hypermutable CpG dinucleotides.
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B. primigenius (CPC98) mtDNA genome sequences and evidence of mtDNA heteroplasmy at nucleotide position 16,121 in the CPC98 aurochs sample.
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]] > Coenzyme recognition and gene regulation by a flavin mononucleotide riboswitch
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Creation and purification of the double-labeled oligonucleotide is synthetically demanding.
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The salvage pathways combine adenine with a pentose to alter the adenosine nucleotide pool inventory.
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In previous research, single-nucleotide variations in NOS1AP were found to alter the patient's QT interval, a measure of the total time needed for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize during one heart beat.
News-Letter
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The relationship between the nucleotide sequence and the protein amino-acid sequence determines the genetic code.
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Each nucleotide unit is composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of four bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine.
Spider Bones
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Replicative DNA polymerases are very accurate enzymes with error rates usually in the range of 10-5 per replicated nucleotide.
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The basic structure of a nucleotide contains ribose with a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
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Dr. Andrei Osterman, an associate professor in Burnham's ioinformatics and Systems Biology program, targeted the acterial nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NadD), an essential enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinculeotide (NAD) biosynthesis, which has many crucial functions in nearly all important pathogens.
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A competitive pathway also converts 6-MP to its cytotoxic 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGNs) that are associated with bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia).
Clinical studies: IBD treatment safety
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Both of these enzymes are involved in thymidine nucleotide biosynthesis.
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Researchers demonstrate efficacy of antisense therapy for spinal muscular atrophy disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) might soon be treated with tiny, chemically modified pieces of RNA called antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).
WN.com - Articles related to Length of biological marker linked to cancer
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On single-stranded oligonucleotides, all the guanines are oxidized to the same extent.
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There are also two dinucleotide microsatellites and one mononucleotide microsatellite, all in the first intron.
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Microsatellite instability was assessed using the 5-marker panel proposed by the National Cancer Institute and/or the pentaplex of mononucleotide repeats, as described elsewhere Comparison of methylation degree between multiple and solitary CRC patients was performed qualitatively where methylation positivity was set as PMR ≥ 4, as previously validated
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Li S, Waters R (1996) Nucleotide level detection of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers using oligonucleotides and magnetic beads to facilitate labelling of DNA fragments incised at the dimers and chemical sequencing reference ladders.
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For instance, the adenine nucleotide, adenosine, can theoretically be produced entirely abiotically.
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The parallel structure differs substantially from the fold-back structure at the individual nucleotide level.
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The sequences were analyzed for randomness in dinucleotide frequencies and no statistically significant deviation was found.
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The plasmid must contain prokaryotic nucleotide sequences coding for a bacterial replication origin for DNA and an antibiotic resistance gene.
Archive 2005-10-01
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Glutamine is an energy source for enterocytes of the small intestine, helps form nicotinamide for energy transfers and glucosamine for connective tissue, and contributes to purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.
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DNA chips are highly miniaturized devices containing an orderly, matrix-like arrangement of synthesized oligonucleotides or pure DNA fragments.
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The holoenzyme recognizes specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA duplex ( promoters ).
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In apoptosis, DNA is degraded into oligonucleotides with a few hundreds of basepairs that subsequently diffuse out of the nucleus.
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Like other flaviviruses, West Nile virus is a small, single stranded, positive sense RNA virus comprising about 11 000 nucleotides wrapped in a nucleocapsid and surrounded by a lipid membrane.
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A highly conserved feature is that the cells of all glands respond to their respective, regulatory tropic hormone with an increase in cyclic nucleotide.
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She had used the base pairs of the DNA --- combinations of pairs of four nucleotides called adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thy mine -- to encode her message.
Delta Search
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Also present in the nucleoplasm are proteins known as polymerases, which pluck nucleotides from the soup as needed when copying DNA.
The Speculist: Better All The Time #22
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Compared to human milk, cow's milk has lower levels of nucleotide as uridine, inosine, and cytidine.
Spy Gum | Surveillance
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In vitro studies on novel DNA structures have mainly involved synthetic oligonucleotides based on naturally occurring sequences.
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Expansion of trinucleotide repeats represents an important type of pathogenic mutations.
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Boxed areas indicate regions of highly conserved nucleotide sequences between chromosomes I and VII.
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In addition to producing lactic acid, lactobacilli also have the ability to produce hydrogen peroxide through oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by flavin nucleotide, which reacts rapidly with gaseous oxygen.
1 Upgrading Traditional Biotechnological Processes
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The class of anticancer drugs that has been developed to interfere with aspects of nucleotide metabolism is known as the antimetabolites.
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There are four clades that meet both of these criteria (74.2% - 99.9% nucleotide identity): the Sendai clade, the human parainfluenza-3 clade, the measles clade, and the phocine/canine distemper clade.
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ADH = alcohol dehydrogenase, a specific catalyzing enzyme NAD = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a common cellular reducing agent
Biotransformation
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The nucleotide elements of DNA are adenosine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, abbreviated A, G, C, and T, respectively.
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No mutations were detected associated with resistance to multinucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as Q151M or insertions at codon 69.
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Thorell B (1959) Fluorescence measurements of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis.
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Purine salvage pathway allows interconversion of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
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In addition, by combining a flavine mononucleotide with a protein moiety of Warburg's yellow enzyme, Kuhn and Rudy produced the very first partial synthesis of a fully functional enzyme.
Richard Kuhn and the Chemical Institute: Double Bonds and Biological Mechanisms
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We have been examining the potential use of oligonucleotides to direct nucleotide exchanges in episomal and chromosomal genes.
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Recent advances in genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses have revealed previously unrecognized microdeletions and uniparental disomy (UPD) in a broad spectrum of human cancers.
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The nucleotide sequence and the polypeptide translation of the insert is shown in Fig.1.
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The sequence of the two nonconserved regions, NC1 and NC2, is shown, with the nucleotide substitutions in mutated oligos shown above the wild-type sequence.
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Nucleic acids are also polymers, composed of repeating units called nucleotides.
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However, for example, dinucleotide simple repeats are frequently associated with membrane-targeted proteins.
Common Descent & Common Design – An Unexpected Outcome
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These studies led to the first evidence bearing on the physical location of the guanosine substrate binding site on the ribozyme and for the existence of several other tertiary nucleotide interactions.
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Root nodules are able to take nitrogen from the air to form ammonia, which is used by plants to synthesize amino acids, nucleotides and other cellular components.
Sharon R. Long: Science under the Obama Administration
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He worked on production of Adenosine tri phosphate (ATP), the multifunctional nucleotide involved in intracellular energy transfer, from Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) which plays key role as a carrier of electron and participate in redox reaction.
Prof. Arthur Kornberg, Nobel laureate, died on Sunday, October 26, 2007
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Objective To study the immunotherapy role of CpG ODN ( CpG oligodeoxynucleotide ) on tumor.
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Changes in population size tend to leave recognizable signatures in the patterns of nucleotide diversity.
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For 40 years, efforts to understand the prebiotic synthesis of the ribonucleotide building blocks of RNA have been based on the assumption that they must have assembled from their three molecular components: a nucleobase (which can be adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil), a ribose sugar and phosphate.
Convincing Evidence for God
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It is clear that the molecule is present in the form of aquo - or hydroxy-cyanide, where the cyanide group replaces the nucleotide in cyanocobalamin and the water molecule the cyanide group 17.
Nobel Lecture The X-Ray Analysis Of Complicated Molecules
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Nucleotide alignments were created by the concatenation of the individual gene alignments.
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In each mutagenesis reaction, the functionality of the resistance genes is reversed using a pair of "on/ off" oligonucleotides.
The Scientist
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However, the nature of the internucleotide linkage had not yet been established, and the helical structure of DNA had not yet been proposed.
Nobel Lecture The Purine Path To Chemotherapy
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Harden and Young also demonstrated that the process stops before all sugar (glucose) has been used up, but it starts again on addition of inorganic phosphate, and they suggested that hexose phosphates are formed in the early steps of fermentation. von Euler had done important work on the structure of co-zymase, shown to be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, earlier called DPN).
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry
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Moreover there is preliminary evidence9 which suggests that secondary structure within a polynucleotide inhibits the power to stimulate protein synthesis.
Francis Crick - Nobel Lecture
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Brown made an important contribution to the Stadtman effort when he and a colleague discovered that a regulatory enzyme in the glutamine synthetic pathway was controlled by covalent attachment of a nucleotide, uridine.
Michael S. Brown - Biography
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To facilitate ascription to previously defined ribotypes in the genus, the diagnostic nucleotides based on Fuertes Aguilar and Nieto Feliner are given at the end of the table
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All three enzymes showed a marked preference for adenine over guanine nucleotides.
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The presence of high levels of nucleotide diversity, however, is only one characteristic of the signature of a balanced polymorphism.
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Two triplex amplification systems were designed for the tetranucleotides.
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The additional nucleotide used on both primers was adenine.
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In laboratory experiments on human cells, investigators found that cutting calories, while preserving the nutrients they need, starts a chain reaction in the mitochondria — or power houses of the cell — that results in the build-up of a coenzyme called NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Cut Out Calories and Live Longer | Impact Lab
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The frequency of a given nucleotide at each position is indicated in the box at the bottom, and the most frequent (or significantly underrepresented) nucleotide is shown in boldface type.
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The research programme aims to examine the nucleotide metabolism of germinating plant seeds.
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The genetic code refers to the sequence of nucleotides (such as adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, or A, C, T and G) that serve as the instructions for making amino acids, the building blocks of life.
Scientific American
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The adjacent nucleotide was observed to be polymorphic.
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By creating analogs of nucleotides, she and her research group made drugs that treat acute leukemia and kidney plant rejection.
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By creating analogs of nucleotides, she and her research group made drugs that treat acute leukemia and kidney plant rejection.
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Processivity is defined as the number of deoxyribonucleotides incorporated each time a DNA polymerase binds its template-primer.
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Several canonical and noncanonical nucleotide sequences, called E-boxes, lie within this region and show a wide range of DNA-binding affinities for the Sc-Da complexes.
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A new class of genetic markers, microsatellite repeats, was identified in 1989 (Litt and Luty 1989; Tautz 1989; Weber and May 1989); because these sets of tandem repeats of short (either dinucleotide, trinucleotide, or tetranucleotide) DNA sequences are more highly polymorphic and detectable by PCR, microsatellites quickly replaced RFLPs as markers of choice for genetic linkage mapping and furnished the STS markers which facilitated the integration of genetic and physical maps.
The Human Genome Project
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A primer is annealed upstream of the divergent site and extended one base at a time, with the number of nucleotides incorporated at each position proportional to the number of transcripts in the sample.
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Therefore, acyclovir is transformed into its corresponding nucleotide which is the active antimetabolite and the growth of the virus is inhibited (Figure 3).
Physiology or Medicine 1988 - Press Release
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In addition, polymerases generally prefer unmodified nucleotides to modified ones, thus creating a probe that is only lightly labeled.
The Scientist
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· Interactive zoom from megabase to nucleotide resolution
Softpedia - Windows - All
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All pairwise sequence alignments were colinear, that is, blocks were sequential in nucleotide position for each taxon and were nonoverlapping.
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Liposomal formulations of genetic drugs such as antisense oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA are difficult to achieve.
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Knocking out XIAP with siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides restores chemosensitivity to a variety of malignant cell lines
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But years of careful effort to find an enzyme-free polynucleotide system able to undergo replication cycles by sequentially and correctly adding the proper nucleotide to the newly synthesized strand have not yet succeeded 5,6.
Good Math, Bad Math, and David Berlinkski - The Panda's Thumb
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The nucleotide sequences of the constructed plasmids were verified by DNA sequencing.
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We use the likelihood ratio test on the trinomial probability of the number of nucleotide substitutions over codon positions under the two models and under observed sequence evolution.
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Plant IDHs differ in the pyridine nucleotide they use as co-substrate and also in their localization in the cell.
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The purity of the double-stranded oligonucleotides was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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The first direct observation of nucleotide variation on the fourth chromosome was an analysis of polymorphism at the cubitus interruptus gene in D. melanogaster and simulans.
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Dawkins' evolutionary model relies on random mutations in single nucleotides during DNA replication, totally unguided, followed by selection of the fittest by the environment.
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Promoter sequences promote the ability of RNA polymerases to recognize the nucleotide at which initiation begins.
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Stegmann does explicitly allow that components other than nucleotide sequences might contain what he calls instructional information.
Molecular Biology
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Watson and Crick found that certain evidence ex cluded the possibility that the two polynucleotide chains of a DNA molecule are paranemically coiled, that is, are so coiled that they can simply slip into and out of each other.
GENETIC CONTINUITY
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During this period I first heard about the enzyme, phosphorylase, which was crystallized by Arda Green and the Coris and was found to exist in two interconvertible forms that they referred to as phosphorylase b and phosphorylase a. Phosphorylase b required 5'-AMP for enzymic activity whereas phosphorylase a was active without this nucleotide.
Edwin G. Krebs - Autobiography
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However, if changes, created either by slippages or by nucleotide substitutions, were seen in the sequence included in any of the indels, then the number of such changes was also counted and included in the analysis.
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The unzipping direction (order of nucleotides unzipped) was controlled by the selection of oligonucleotides.
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The building block cost for mRNA includes the nucleotides for an untranslated region and a polyA tail with empirically observed lengths.
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The rate of heterozygosity per nucleotide position is closely related to the size of a population and the mutation rate.
The Scientist
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DNA was digested to mononucleotides with micrococcal nuclease and spleen phosphodiesterase at 37°C for 3.5 h.
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This was followed minutes later by the injection of the oligonucleotide complementary to the DNA strand immobilized on sphere S2.
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The world's lingering,the end is still no match for the forget the bitter oligonucleotide soup.
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LOR-2040 (formerly GTI-2040) is an antisense drug that specifically targets the R2 component of ribonucleotide reductase, which is required for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.
Health News from Medical News Today
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We were able to identify a possible template for the inserted nucleotides in nearby sequences.
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These studies demonstrate that pre-existing cytosine methylation on oligonucleotides…
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Each tick mark indicates that a nucleotide within the strain differs from the consensus sequence.
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We investigated the association between 48 coding and three non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 35 inflammatory genes and the development of CAD, using a large discordant sibship collection (2699 individuals in 891 families).
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Nucleotides diagnostic for the P1 and P7 haplotypes are in black and gray boxes, respectively.
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We also estimated the nucleotide diversity within each population and the genetic distances between the populations.
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Close to the sphere surface, the oligonucleotide interacts with the evanescent field of the WGM, which extends about a wavelength into the buffer solution.
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The oligonucleotides were annealed by heating the solution of self-complementary oligonucleotides to 94°C using a heat block, and then cooling it to 30°C over the course of 2 h. Annealed DNA was stored at - 80°C until use.
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Nucleotides corresponding to the anticodon are boxed.
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A nitrogenous molecule, either a PYRIMIDINE or a PURINE, that combines with a pentose sugar and phosphoric acid to form a nucleotide, the fundamental unit of nucleic acids.
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I can determine the rate/frequency with which nucleotides "denature" under a range of conditions that are not biologically relevant.
A Genomic Balancing Act
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Nucleotide sequences homologous to oncornaviruses DNA products have been observed in human leukaemic cells.
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A dart (>) marks the last nucleotide for each gene and indicates the direction of transcription; nucleotides participating in termination codons of protein-coding genes are underscored with carets.
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The subunits are built from rRNA-molecules, constructed from nucleotides, and proteins, made from amino acids.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 - Illustrated Presentation
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The world's lingering,the end is still no match for the forget the bitter oligonucleotide soup.
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All nucleotide alignments were translated into amino acid alignments.
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In February 2004, a mitochondrial DNA ( "mtDNA") point mutation analysis revealed a single nucleotide change in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (T2387C).
David Kirby: The Vaccine-Autism Court Document Every American Should Read
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It is therefore noteworthy that nucleosides and nucleotides can generate singlet oxygen when directly excited by UV light and thus have the potential for self-sensitized oxidative degradation.
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From such work it appears that, with minor reservations, each polynucleotide incorporates a characteristic set of amino acids.
Francis Crick - Nobel Lecture
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For the left graph, the sequences only rigorously conserved the starter nucleotide compositions.
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Here, we present the entire nucleotide sequence of the mt genome of the plague thrips, Thrips imaginis (Thysanoptera).
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Several diseases are directly caused due to single nucleotide changes such as thalassaemia, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, long QT syndrome, familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy etc.
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Consistent with the close phylogenetic relationships of the species sampled, most nucleotide sites were invariant in pair wise comparisons.
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Monera morphology mutagen mutations natural selection neurotransmitter nitrogen fixing nitrogenous wastes nucleic acids nucleotides nucleus omnivore opposable thumb order organ organelles organic compounds organic molecules
21. Life Sciences
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Nucleotide sequence changes in the two termini of individual retrotransposons were used to date their time of insertion.
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D. Sutherland, Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically plausible conditions, Nature 459, 239 (2009). doi: 10.1038/nature08013.
Convincing Evidence for God
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The salvage pathways combine adenine with a pentose to alter the adenosine nucleotide pool inventory.
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Intermolecular tetrameric complexes are usually only formed by short oligonucleotides that contain single tracts of contiguous guanines.
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Harden and Young also demonstrated that the process stops before all sugar (glucose) has been used up, but it starts again on addition of inorganic phosphate, and they suggested that hexose phosphates are formed in the early steps of fermentation. von Euler had done important work on the structure of co-zymase, shown to be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, earlier called DPN).
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry
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The nucleotides found in cells are derivatives of the heterocyclic highly basic, compounds, purine and pyrimidine.
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The 13 nucleotide sequence alignments were then concatenated into one data set.
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The genetic code is the mapping by which nucleotide sequences are translated into amino acid sequences.
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Purine salvage pathway allows interconversion of bases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
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This problem would be enhanced using arrays composed of long oligonucleotides since only RNAs whose protected regions overlap with the oligo sequence would be identified.
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As I was grappling with some of the more technical passages that contained words like allele, nucleotide, cistron, and mitosis,
The Full Feed from HuffingtonPost.com
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A multidisciplinary international team demonstrated through botanical examination, phytochemical investigation, and genetic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by polymerase chain reaction that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, its oxidative degradation product, cannabinol, other metabolites, and its synthetic enzyme, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase, as well as a novel genetic variant with two single nucleotide polymorphisms.
2,700-year-old marijuana stash found
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In this work, the molar concentrations of the oligonucleotide duplexes are related to the double-stranded molecules 15-bp long.
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Isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the beta-type globin pseudogene from human, gorilla and chimpanzee.
Cornelius Hunter accuses Behe of Circular Reasoning
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All eg95 sequences showed double-peaks in regions of high quality reads, which were interpreted as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and not heterozygosis, because our primers amplify separate eg95 loci.
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These oligonucleotides were attached to Dynal magnetic beads coated with streptavidin according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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The oligonucleotide is chemically modified for in vivo stability and specific placental uptake.
The Scientist
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The chemical and biological effects of UV radiation on purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides have been the subject of many studies.
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As shown in Fig. 3, both oligonucleotides were able to bind F9 proteins and to produce retarded complexes.
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However, all the advances of ribozymology notwithstanding, the prospects of a bona fide ribozyme replicase remain dim as the ribozymes designed for that purposes are capable, at best, of the addition of ~10 nucleotides to a oligonucleotide primer, at a very slow rate and with fidelity at least an order magnitude below that required for the replication of relatively long RNA molecules [28,29].
Again, there is absolutely no teleology involved
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Irgm1 accumulated around the latex beads phagosomes (seen as refringent spheres) while the loss of the nucleotide-binding site completely abolished the phagosomal accumulation.
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The nucleotide uridine is never found in DNA and thymine is almost exclusively found in DNA.
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Progeny phage that produced clear plaques in the presence of IPTG and X-gal were analyzed by a differential oligonucleotide hybridization technique, as reported.
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Spiller DG, Giles RV, Grzybowski J, Tidd DM, Clark RE (1998) Improving the intracellular delivery and molecular efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: a comparison of streptolysin-O permeabilization, electroporation, and lipophilic conjugation.
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First, two non-complementary strands of phosphate backbone modified oligonucleotides (PM oligo-DNA) were loaded on the surface of the 15 and 25 nm Au nanoparticles, respectively.
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55, 897-903 (1973) [2] You, K.S.; Arnold, L.J.; Kaplan, N.O.: The stereospecificity of bacterial ex - ternal flavoprotein monooxygenases for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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As other members of the CNC family of bZip transcription factors, Nrf2 forms a heterodimer with its obligatory partner Maf, thereby binding to a cis-acting enhancer sequence known as the antioxidant response element (ARE), also referred to as the electrophile response element (EpRE) with a core nucleotide sequence of
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One important application is gene therapy, where it is necessary to deliver a gene or a synthetic oligonucleotide into the cell.
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The statement that functional polynucleotides (nucleic acids) can spontaneously form is equivalent to the statement that the ink and paper of a printed page can organize themselves into a meaningful text.
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As a replicase, Pol is highly sensitive to template defects and misinserts nucleotides only extremely rarely.
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There is no aim in the actual replication of the particular sequences of nucleotides, with the possible exception of replication itself, that is, of life, The aim or goal of life is that of continuing itself.
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Numbers on the top scale indicate nucleotide positions corresponding to the gene 62 promoter.
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Harden and Young also demonstrated that the process stops before all sugar (glucose) has been used up, but it starts again on addition of inorganic phosphate, and they suggested that hexose phosphates are formed in the early steps of fermentation. von Euler had done important work on the structure of co-zymase, shown to be nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, earlier called DPN).
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry
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In the current study, UCLA scientists show a new role for a protein called polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPASE) in regulating the import of RNA into mitochondria.
Dailyindia.com News Feed
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Thimmulappa RK, Mai KH, Srisuma S et al. "Identification of Nrf2-regulated genes induced by the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane by oligonucleotide microarray.
Dr. Richard Palmquist: Green Veterinary Medicine: Veggies for Pets
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The situation of recurrent mutation is especially likely for a C / T polymorphism at the hypermutable CpG dinucleotides.
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This package contains a number of substitution models for nucleotides and RNA base pairs.
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Numbers on the top scale indicate nucleotide positions corresponding to the gene 62 promoter.
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Benzer called this unit the ‘cistron’; molecular biologists came to view the cistron as the nucleotide sequence encoding a single polypeptide.
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The transcription of the operon is coordinately repressed in the presence of excess pyrimidine nucleotides.
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The nitrogen-containing bases are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine; these names are used to identify the nucleotides.
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For single bulges in RNA oligonucleotides, the conformation usually depends on the nature of the flanking base pairs.
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DNA polymerase, Pol I, extends the DNA from the free 3'-OH using its exonuclease activity to replace the nucleotide of the damaged base, as well as a few downstream, followed by sealing of the new DNA strand by DNA ligase.
Another Protozoan and Front-Loading
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The synthesis of nucleotides from the purine bases and purine nucleosides takes place in a series of steps known as the salvage pathways.
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The peptides can be linked to a large protein or an oligonucleotide, which may then be carried through the cell membrane.
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Each nucleotide is composed of deoxyribose (a type of sugar), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases.
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When the divalent cation dissociates from actin, the affinity of actin for nucleotide is greatly reduced.
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Coding-sequence nucleotide substitution is an important mechanism driving the differential adaptive evolution of species and has been studied most notably in hemoglobin, ribonuclease, and lysozyme.
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Asterisks show nucleotides identical in the seven sequences and boldface type indicates the most common nucleotide in each position.
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The quaternary nitrogen atom in lycobetaine plays an important role in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the compound and the oligonucleotide.
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The bands containing labeled oligonucleotide were identified by visual inspection and ultraviolet shadowing.
