How To Use Mutagen In A Sentence
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A rather odd thing has just just occurred in the life of nerdy high school student Peter Parker; after being bitten by a radioactive spider, his body chemistry is mutagenically altered in that he can scale walls and ceilings, and he develops a "spider-sense" that warns him of approaching danger.
Listal promoted
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We mutagenized a wild-type strain and sought animals that were defective in cultivation-temperature avoidance.
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Thus, multiple rounds of mutagenesis are possible by switching the two resistance genes on and off.
The Scientist
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For example, acesulfame-K induces chromosomal aberrations; sucralose is associated with several effects in animals, is weakly mutagenic, and increases the glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients.
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It has a wide cell tropism and remains extra-chromosomal, therefore minimising the risk of insertional mutagenesis.
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A total of 12,600 transformants from six individually mutagenized pools were screened.
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The tweaking came in later, with mutagenic PCR, again you have to actually read the paper.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Particulate matter of diesel engine exhaust from four different fuels was studied for content of polynuclear aromatic compounds and mutagenic effects.
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Evaluating the results of their experiments the Clemson researchers concluded: "Juice from strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry fruit significantly inhibited mutagenesis.
Slimming Strawberries For Weight Loss
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The integrity and stability of the genetic material is continuously being threatened by endogenous and exogenous factors such as chemical mutagens and radiation.
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Gene mutations occur spontaneously and can be induced by mutagenic agents such has high temperature, mustard gas, and radiation.
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These derivatives were noteworthy as potent mutagens for Salmonella strains, and were present in fine particles of diesel particulates.
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Plants for mutagenesis were the progeny of one pair of plants from this inbred population.
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The following is a position paper challenging the paradigm that ‘carcinogen = mutagen’, and that the current rodent bioassay to predict risks to human cancers is relevant and useful.
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The development of transgenic mice has opened up new possibilities for mutagenicity testing in small animal models.
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The finding that phenothiazines reduce the incidence of cancer in humans generated a broad range of experimental studies, which confirmed their antitumor, cancer-chemopreventive and antimutagenic activities.
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The mutagenic activity of 0.05 nmol of BP 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2 towards strain TA 100 of S. typhimurium was inhibited 50% by incubation of the bacteria and the diol-epoxide with myricetin (2 nmol), robinetin (2.5 nmol), luteolin (5 nmol), quercetin (5 nmol),
Wil's Ebay E-Store
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The purpose of this study was to determine if cooked meat containing only moderate concentrations of the known food mutagens would be detectably mutagenic.
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Our urine mutagenicity testing did not provide evidence of increased numbers of bacterial strain revertants.
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Adverse impacts of these chemicals can include mutagenic damage to DNA, cancer, neurological toxicity, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity and immune system damage, among others, according to Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families.
Robyn Griggs Lawrence: Toxic Flame Retardants Rampant in Baby Products, New Study Finds
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Each candidate was then backcrossed to the unmutagenized parent and tetrads were dissected to ensure that the synthetic lethal phenotype resulted from a single mutation.
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Some are known carcinogens, some are suspected carcinogens, some are toxic to people, some are toxic to aquatic life, some are mutagenic which means they can cause genetic defects and some have reproductive effects.
The UK's lack of fracking regulation is insane | George Monbiot
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As an indicator of mutagenic activity, we observed an incidence of micronuclei in erythrocytes.
Archive 2008-08-01
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In this way, ellagic acid effectively increases detoxification of carcinogens and reduces mutagenesis and tumourigenesis.
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One study from the University of Texas Medical Center found the extract of wheatgrass inhibited the cancer-causing effects of two mutagens.
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But the World Health Organization reports that "propoxur is not considered mutagenic, embryotoxic, or teratogenic WHO, 2003.
Bill Chameides: Is Propoxur the Way to Not Let the Bedbugs Bite?
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Frölich and Würgler constructed a strain with increased cytochrome P450-dependent xenobiotic metabolism which facilitates the detection of promutagens.
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Alteration of residues by site directed mutagenesis which are close to, or in contact, with the sugar result in variety of effects ranging from insoluble protein through inactive enzyme to little observable change.
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As mutagens we used two classic cytostatics: the radiomimetic bleomycin and the recombinogen mitomycin C.
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You damn well better believe that there is research going on in animal models - what does she expect, that scientists should mutagenize human mothers and chop up baby brains for this work?
Original Signal - Transmitting Buzz
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Detection of low frequency mutations following exposure to mutagens or during the early stages of cancer development is instrumental for risk assessment and molecular diagnosis.
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Unlike most chemical mutagens, which tend to cause point mutations, rays tend to produce larger aberrations such as chromosome deficiencies or rearrangements.
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Chemical mutagens and ionizing radiation have long been used as plant mutagens in forward genetic studies.
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Heterocyclic amines are produced when the meat is cooked at a high temperature and are known to be mutagenic, meaning that they can alter DNA thus increasing the rate of cell production that can lead to cancer.
Emaxhealth
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Potentially harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs for short, heterocyclic amines, and higher and mutagenic aldehydes, along with fine and ultrafine particles, have all been found in cooking fumes, using vegetable oils, such as safflower, soya bean, and rapeseed oils, as well as lard.
PhysOrg.com - latest science and technology news stories
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The so-called Ames test is based on the fact that most carcinogens are mutagens (substances that damage DNA).
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In earlier experiments, lincomycin acted as a mutagen, changing genetic information in bacteria, algae, microscopic aquatic animals and fish.
Msnbc.com: Top msnbc.com headlines
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For example, SINES and LINES can cause insertional mutagenesis, hybrid dysgenesis, chromosomal rearrangements, etc.
Junk DNA, Junk Science, and The Onion Test - The Panda's Thumb
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An understanding of evolution as endogenous adaptive mutagenesis looks to "have many practical implications?
2008 June - Telic Thoughts
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After centrifugation, the cell pellet was processed for microgel electrophoresis to determine sensitivity to mutagens.
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Gene mutations occur spontaneously and can be induced by mutagenic agents such has high temperature, mustard gas, and radiation.
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In each mutagenesis reaction, the functionality of the resistance genes is reversed using a pair of "on/ off" oligonucleotides.
The Scientist
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Gamma-tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NOX and complements alpha-tocopherol: physiological implications.
Craig Cooper: The Real Facts About Vitamin E and Prostate Cancer
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A feasible way to decrease the risk of insertional mutagenesis is to combine the reprogramming factors into a single polycistronic vector by inserting a 'self-cleaving' 2A peptide or an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence between two consecutive open reading frames.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Pollutants in diesel exhausts exist as particles or gas phase compounds and the contribution of nitrated, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs to the mutagenic and carcinogenic activity has been recognized.
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The preparation of anthraquinone used in the National Toxicology Program cancer bioassay was contaminated with the mutagen 9-nitroanthracene
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Poisons, mutagens, and carcinogens might be created in harmful concentrations.
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But we can provoke a quicker second hit by treating the animals with a chemical mutagen or a carcinogen.
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Chemicals that cause changes in DNA sequence, or mutations, are called mutagens.
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The chlorinated nitrosamines showed stronger mutagenicity than non-chlorinated nitrosamines, indicating that alkylating activity was strengthened by the presence of a chloro group.
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Many carcinogens and mutagens have to be metabolized before their mutagenic activity can be detected.
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Significantly, their findings were supported by both in vivo and in vitro experiments using reference mutagens.
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X-ray mutagenesis led to the identification of dominant mutations altering the number of bristles.
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For example, many metals, like cadmium, lead, and mercury are toxic to humans and are mutagenic and carcinogenic.
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This cell line detects a wide variety of mutagenic lesions, including point mutations, deletions and various types of chromosomal aberrations.
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Because the on the alkalinize infant is unknown, gabapentin hiccups should wreak mutagen in stabilizers who are eugenol measely if the cohorts unknowingly outweigh the risks. 1 billion for the tidal fortified an slideshow over the rapidly victory of.
Wii-volution
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The tweaking came in later, with mutagenic PCR, zach:
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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For genetics and breeding, it is fundamentally important to know the germline mutation rate induced by a mutagen.
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Repeated cellular and animal studies have shown that uranium is a kidney toxin, neurotoxin, immunotoxin, mutagen, carcinogen and teratogen.
Infowars
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Once pregnancy has progressed into the second trimester and once children reach puberty, the dangers of food poisoning and foodborne illnesses may again outweigh the mutagenic risks associated with phytochemicals (Flaxman and Sherman in press).
Archive 2005-06-01
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The first step is a qualitative evaluation of all available epidemiology studies, animal bioassay data, and biological activity (e.g., mutagenicity).
Risk assessment of chemical substances
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Substances which allow the Salmonella to grow are considered mutagenic.
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It is also accepted that a percentage of cancer patients develop secondary tumors after being treated with mutagenic agents such as cytostatic drugs.
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Epoxy compounds are highly reactive bifunctional alkylating agents, which may attack and bind covalently to DNA and cause mutagenic events.
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We mutagenize the cells, if we hit a gene that's involved in function of the flagellum, they can't swim, which is a scorable phenotype that we use.
Evolution News & Views
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Though the mutagenic activity of ethylene thiourea is well documented, very little is known about the deleterious effects of zineb.
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Monera morphology mutagen mutations natural selection neurotransmitter nitrogen fixing nitrogenous wastes nucleic acids nucleotides nucleus omnivore opposable thumb order organ organelles organic compounds organic molecules
21. Life Sciences
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I'm not sure what you are referring to by 'known mycobacterial mutations', but the main polymerase responsible for induced mutagenesis in M. tuberculosis including antibiotic resistance following infection (DnaE2 – see Boshoff et al Cell.
Browsing the Latest Issue of Scientific American
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Transgenic selection assays provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms of mutagenicity in different somatic and germinal tissues in vivo.
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Chemical mutagens are classified as alkylating agents, cross-linking agents, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Transgenic mouse modelling has provided a new approach to study the various steps involved in spontaneous and induced mutagenesis in rodent somatic and germline tissues in vivo.
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Firstly, risks to the descendants of trial participants because of the inadvertent modification of germ cells are not identical to those for chemical mutagens.
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A high sulfur content of the fuel and high engine speeds (rated power) and loads are associated with an increase in mutagenicity of diesel exhaust particles.
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Chronic toxicity may take the following forms: oncogenicity - cancercausing teratogenity - causing deformities in offspring mutagenicity - causing genetic mutations reproductive effects effecting an individual's capacity to bear young
Chapter 12
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Insertional mutagenesis is a method for identifying genes by using the integration of DNA as the mutagen , thereby facilitating the cloning of the mutated gene.
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This suggests a mutagenic source different from germ cell replication.
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Lange, “Presentation of Benzo(a)pyrene to Microsomal Enzymes by Asbestos Fibers in the Salmonella/Mammalian Microsome Mutagenicity Test,” Environmental Health Perspectives 51 (1983): 337–41.
The Emperor of All Maladies
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A host of carcinogens spew forth, along with poisons, mutagens, and mind-altering drugs.
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A mutagenic oligo containing one of the mutations was annealed to a genome carrying the second mutation, and the oligo was extended using T4 DNA polymerase, essentially as in Sambrook, Fritsch, and Maniatis.
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You damn well better believe that there is research going on in animal models †"what does she expect, that scientists should mutagenize human mothers and chop up baby brains for this work? â€" and countries like France and Germany and England and Canada and China and India and others are all respected participants in these efforts.
Preemptive Karma
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Among the 22 flavone derivatives tested, only wogonin was strongly mutagenic, while five derivatives, apigenin triacetate, acacetin, chrysoeriol, pedalitin, and pedalitin tetraacetate, were only weakly mutagenic.
Wil's Ebay E-Store
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These mutagens cause point mutations, because they change the genetic code at one point, so changing a protein's amino acid sequence.
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Cell-culture procedures, chemical mutagens, and radiation all have been applied in what people now refer to as traditional, or conventional, plant breeding for the better part of a century.
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They used PCR amplification, then mutagenic PCR amplification, then PCR amplification.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Using synthetic analogs of lerisetron as molecular probes in combination with site directed mutagenesis, we have identified some of these interactions and have proposed a model of the lerisetron binding site.
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What is now suggested is that a programme be designed based essentially on short-term studies, that is, chemical analyses of feeding studies in laboratory and/or target species of farm animal, with in vitro or in vivo mutagenicity studies as indicators of possible long-term hazard.
Chapter 26
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We show here that these strains can be used to determine very easily the mutagenic specificity of various mutagens.
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Additional studies such as mutagenesis of Ser112 of BAD
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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The residues were redissolved in DMSO for analysis of polynuclear aromatic compounds and for the mutagenicity test.
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Consequently, these results demonstrate that CS and MeIQx have a bifunctional action, with similar induction patterns of specific CYP proteins, mutagenic activity and UDPGT activity.
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A mutagen is very often used to accelerate this process.
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Chemical mutagens or serial passages were employed earlier to decrease susceptibility to penicillin in BHS group A strains.
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The FeLV-induced tumors are thought to be caused, at least in part, by somatically acquired insertional mutagenesis in which the integrated provirus may activate a proto-oncogene or disrupt a tumor suppressor gene.
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Additionally, monascus pigments, purpurin, chlorophyllin and curcumin were reported to inhibit the mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines and other carcinogens.
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The accuracy of each mutagenized plasmid was checked by sequencing.
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Such mutants have been generated by chemical mutagenesis, gene disruption, and antisense gene silencing.
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In practice, the bacterial mutation test is the most widely used and best validated bioassay for assessment of potentially mutagenic contaminants.
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Among the mutagens that have been used to induce mutations, chemical mutagens administered in various ways have become especially popular.
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Recently, it has been suggested that nitric oxide produced during an inflammatory response could become an endogenous cytotoxin, with mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties.
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I'm not sure what you are referring to by 'known mycobacterial mutations', but the main polymerase responsible for induced mutagenesis in M. tuberculosis including antibiotic resistance following infection
Browsing the Latest Issue of Scientific American
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Using synthetic analogs of lerisetron as molecular probes in combination with site directed mutagenesis, we have identified some of these interactions and have proposed a model of the lerisetron binding site.
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An environmental pollutant and known mutagen and carcinogen in experimental animals and in humans, ethylene oxide is a widely used industrial chemical and sterilant of medical equipment.
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This gives the appearance of directed mutagenesis because only revertant cells survive mutagenesis.
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Shown underneath is the region that was mutagenized in this study.
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While the purpose of early mutant isolations was mostly focused on the identification of auxotrophs, many of these early strains have been subjected to heavy mutagenesis.
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EO is a direct-acting mutagen that reacts with nucleophilic molecules, including DNA, causing gene mutation and chromosome deletions in somatic cells.
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This calibrates the nucleotide mutation rate for two mutagenesis centers, implies significance criteria for positional cloning efforts, and provides working estimates of effective genetic target sizes for selected phenotypes.
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The method of vicia fabe micronucleus technique is applicable to detect environmental mutagens.
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From a screen of 24,000 mutagenized flies, 17 mutants with presynaptic defects in synaptic transmission were recovered.
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Yes, but site-directed mutagenesis is not the same as either evolution or ID – it's a special and limited case.
Creationism, defined
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Tobacco taken in the form of snuff contains mutagens that can cause nose tumors.
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According to experimental data, some pesticides and organic solvents are considered potential chemical mutagens.
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The nitrous acid produced later in the reaction chain is toxic, corrosive, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic.
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Point mutations were created by oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis and confirmed by DNA sequencing.
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The GAACGACTCTACAATGTTGTtGTAGAtACAGAAGTTACTG GTAAAAAG oligonucleotide was used to mutagenize full-length SMC2 cDNA (a gift from K. Yokomori), which was subsequently inserted into NheI and XhoI sites of pcDNA3. 1, to produce the pcDNA3. 1/SMC2-2 complementation plasmid, resistant to RNAi with RNA duplex #2, due to silent mismatch mutation at the siRNA-corresponding site.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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The experiment I referenced demonstrated (actually a series of experiments) that DNA damage in M. tuberculosis results in the induction of an SOS-regulated polymerase (DNAE2), which causes base substitution mutagenesis, that is, the experiment was set up so that the only drug resistant mutations that was scored was base substitution mutagenesis.
Browsing the Latest Issue of Scientific American
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HcRed1 was originally derived from a non-fluorescent chromoprotein that absorbs red light through mutagenesis to produce a weakly fluorescent obligate dimer having an absorption maximum at 588 nanometers and an emission maximum of 618 nanometers.
Archive 2005-10-01
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If mutations can solve the problem, then a cost-benefit analysis is needed to determine whether a mutagenic mechanism can provide benefits sufficient to counterbalance its cost.
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A lower intensity of mutagenesis can explain all observed revertants if each mutagenized cell has multiple copies of the lac operon.
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A new altered sites mutagenesis systems for the cloning DNA is described.
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At present the evidence for hydroxyl radicals being mutagenic is limited.
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One possible explanation for these exceptional findings might be contamination of the ethanol with a mutagen.
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Exposure to ionizing radiation or environmental mutagens and carcinogens may lead to genomic instability.
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To understand the role of the contact HLA-G residues in HLA-G recognition by NK cells we performed an extensive site-directed mutagenesis which is listed in HLA-G is markedly different from HLA-C and other selected MHC class I molecules in the contact residues between KIR and HLA-C.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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Several studies have demonstrated that only the 5-nitrofurans are mutagenic and that derivatives with the nitro group outside the furan ring do not show mutagenic activity.
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In this work, saponified coconut oil was used as a chemical model to explain the behavior of amphiphilic molecules in biological systems related to their mutagenesis potential.
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Historically, three programmes for the identification of photorespiratory mutants in chemically mutagenized seed sets were performed.
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From a screen of 18,500 mutagenized flies, 171 phototactic mutants were recovered of which 15 appear to be specifically defective in synaptic transmission on the basis of the results of electroretinogram recordings.
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The test comes down to giving them varying doses of a mutagen or carcinogen and observing whether malignancies develop.
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The paper brief talks the drinking water's mutagenesis from organic pollution.
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Coincidentally with Muller's discovery in 1927 of the mutagenic effect of X rays, Vladimirovich started his long-term investigations of radiation genetics and radiobiology.
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One possible explanation for these exceptional findings might be contamination of the ethanol with a mutagen.
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Due to its extreme mutagenic potency, this compound constitutes an interesting model to study the mutagenic action of nitrofurans.
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DNA adduct formation is a critical event in mutagenesis and in the initiation of carcinogenesis.
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Similar arguments and requirements apply to mutants created by transposon mutagenesis.
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To mutagenize the prospective Pho4 binding site in the
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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And mutagenicity is of course a bad thing, because increased DNA damage is generally held to be a factor in carcinogenesis.
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Feeding of freshly irradiated wheat resulted in significantly increased incidence of polyploid cells in bone marrow, aneuploid cells in testis, reduction in number of spermatogonia of types A, B and resting primary spermatocytes as well as a higher mutagenic index.
NUKED FOOD
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Cantankerous and rigid with old age, Morgan refused to give Muller full recognition for his theory of mutagenesis, which he regarded as a largely derivative observation.
The Emperor of All Maladies
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The pre-ozonation can strengthen the removing effect of mutagen in the subsequent craft.
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Gamma-tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NOX and complements alpha-tocopherol: physiological implications.
Craig Cooper: The Real Facts About Vitamin E and Prostate Cancer
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While transposon mutagenesis involves elaborate PCR screening, RNAi generates only gene-specific phenocopies of loss-of-function mutations and does not always cause a true null phenotype.
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If someone studied the ability of, say, the human microcephalin gene to generate resistance to penicillin in S. aureus, and found that it never did even when extensively mutagenized, only a fool would conclude that this means that S. aureus is incapable of developing resistance to penicillin.
Behe's Test, Take 2
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Thus there was some evidence that irradiated PRD diet has weak mutagenic activity in the meiotic and/or pre-meiotic phase of the spermatogenic cycle which appeared to be lessened on storage; the inclusion of such a diet in toxicological studies would therefore need to be carefully considered.
NUKED FOOD
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The main results are as follows:(1) Treated by ultraviolet ray and chemical mutagen, 50 isolates were obtained from isolate BC4's conidial suspension.
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The resulting soluble organic fractions were analysed for polynuclear aromatic compounds and tested for mutagenic effects.
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Cellular and animal studies have shown that uranium is a kidney toxin, neurotoxin, immunotoxin, mutagen
American Chronicle
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I also started my first mutagenesis and began looking for touch-insensitive mutants.
Martin Chalfie - Autobiography
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Three consecutive rounds with mutagenic PCR amplification were performed with an average mutagenic rate of 3.7% per amino acid for each round.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Lead is clearly not a powerful mutagen, nor is it consistently mutagenic among various test systems.
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The ultraviolet radiation in natural sunlight was later identified as a mutagen.
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Smith's work forms the basis for site-directed mutagenesis, a technique by which it is possible to change a specific amino-acid in a protein and thereby illuminate its functional role.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry
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Evidence that PP may play a dominant role in UV-induced transition mutagenesis has been obtained for bacteria and lambda phage.
