How To Use Mrna In A Sentence
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The genetic code in mRNA is described as being the 'sense' sequence, and injecting 'antisense' RNA, which can pair with the mRNA, also had no effect.
Press Release: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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This project is designed to establish a comprehensive understanding of the structures, factors and mechanisms that affect the stability of human beta-globin mRNA. This information promises to be helpful in designing therapies for sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell disease research at The Children's Hospital
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The effect on mex-3 mRNA content in embryos after injection of single-stranded or double-stranded mex-3 RNA into the gonad of C.elegans. mex-3 mRNA is abundant in the gonads and early embryos.
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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All these proteins are synthesized by translation of preformed maternal mRNA.
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Injection of either Xenopus BMP - 4 mRNA (or its sea urchin equivalent) into a sea urchin egg results in animalization.
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In wild-type and azygous fruit, TBG6 mRNA levels were high in the early stages of development, but then dropped dramatically after the breaker stage.
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It makes single-stranded copies of DNA's genes, called mRNA, which tell the cell to produce proteins.
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Semi - quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction ( RT - PCR ) was used to detect the level of MMP - 12 mRNA expression.
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The oxidant tertiary butylated hydroperoxide could effectively induce TNF- [alpha] mRNA expression.
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Retrogenes are formed when the mRNA encounters something-often a type of virus called a retrovirus-that turns it back into DNA through a process referred to as reverse transcription.
R&D Mag - News
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It is also apparent that multiple tenascin isoforms are detectable at the mRNA and protein level.
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However, in a follow-up study published in PNAS the same year, Fire provided good evidence for the view that mRNA is the target for dsRNA (recognition via complementary strands), and that the targeted mRNA is degraded prior to translation, i.e. dsRNA exerts its effect at the posttranscriptional level26.
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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Using reverse transcription PCR, kininogen mRNA was also detected in lamprey gut, kidney, and leukocyte, but absent in lamprey buccal gland.
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In the third step, an RNA oligo that carries two primer sites is ligated to the decapped mRNA by T4 RNA ligase.
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Despite its importance, relatively little is known about the structural determinants of beta-globin mRNA stability or how they contribute to regulating beta-globin gene expression.
Sickle cell disease research at The Children's Hospital
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It is also apparent that multiple tenascin isoforms are detectable at the mRNA and protein level.
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Yeah, a gradual, step by step development of DNA codons, mRNA, varieties of tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetases, and all that on route to a genetic code - now that's something to stick in your weed pipe.
Chunkdz Comes Out Smokin
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Processed pseudogenes may originate by reverse transcription from mature mRNA and subsequent insertion in the genome.
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It makes single-stranded copies of DNA's genes, called mRNA, which tell the cell to produce proteins.
BigHominid's Hairy Chasms
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We also find that PMA and LPS increase the level of hres mRNA while pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which is an inhibitor of Sp1 binding, abrogates the basal, and also PMA/LPS induced resistin mRNA levels.
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Anoxia causes polysomes, translating the aerobic proteins, to dissociate, and anaerobic mRNAs are translated from polysomes with a much lower average size.
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Motors, such as RNA polymerases and ribosomes, produce trailing strands of mRNA and protein, respectively.
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In the basal part of the floret, the mRNA label was very strong in the two distinctive bracts, lemma and palea, as well as in the base of the two lodicules and the pistil complex.
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The mRNA containing the amber codon then leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome where it serves as a template for translation of a specific protein.
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It is also apparent that multiple tenascin isoforms are detectable at the mRNA and protein level.
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Special proteins remove the noncoding regions from the mRNA before it is translated into protein at the ribosome.
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The results strongly suggest that some mRNA species are imported into sieve elements, which are enucleate, from neighbouring companion cells.
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Abundant expression of all viral protein mRNAs and reduced or lacking protein translation, especially of the matrix protein, were the most important findings, indicating that restricted virus infection in the grey matter might represent a mechanism for viral persistence in distemper polioencephalitis.
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It also contains a three base region called the anticodon that can base pair to the corresponding three base codon region on mRNA.
WN.com - Articles related to Plants give up some deep secrets of drought resistance
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Normally the antisense probe is used to detect mRNA whereas the sense probe serves as a negative control.
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This loss of protein synthetic capacity is manifested in a loss of polysomes that result from the run-off of ribosomes from mRNAs coupled with a failure in the initiation machinery.
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The RISC complex cuts the mRNA strand, and the mRNA is subsequently degraded.
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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A cDNA library of mRNA isolated from asparagus spears 24 h post-harvest was screened for peroxidases using homologous and heterologous probes.
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A. 1-3: OlWnt-I mRNA expression localizes exclusively to the inter-ostial exopinacoderm.
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Petals were detached from three flowers, pooled and used for mRNA isolation.
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In mung bean, strong induction of VrCPK1 mRNA was observed in shoots within 2 h after treatment with NaCl.
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In a database study of all reported dinucleotide repeats in UTRs, the repeats were 9 times more likely to appear in mRNAs encoding membrane proteins than other activities.
Common Descent & Common Design – An Unexpected Outcome
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Codon bias allows mRNA transcripts to be translated more quickly and accurately through efficient use of the transfer RNA pool.
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Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to detect the protein and mRNA expression of RECK and MMP-2 in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed to detect the protein and mRNA expression of RECK and MMP-2 in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), ameloblastoma and ameloblastic carcinoma.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Subsequently, it has been shown that RISC contains at least one member of the argonaute protein family, which is likely to act as an endonuclease and cut the mRNA (nowadays often referred to as the Slicer function).
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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Further study on rat brain revealed that Il1rapl was mainly expressed in memory/concentration-associated encephalic regions, such as hippocampus, dentate fascia, osmesis perithelium, and piriform cortex. mRNA expression levels of Il1rapl in brains of rats with different learning and memory abilities showed significant difference.
Archive 2008-05-01
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Gehring NH, Frede U, Neu-Yilik G, Hundsdoerfer P, Vetter B, et al. (2001) Increased efficiency of mRNA 3′ end formation: a new genetic mechanism contributing to hereditary thrombophilia.
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Also if the repeat's flanking sequences are strongly conserved (about 10% of dinucleotide repeats have flanking sequences conserved throughout mammals) those mRNAs nearly always encode proteins critical to central nervous system development.
Common Descent & Common Design – An Unexpected Outcome
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We propose that unphosphorylated Pitx2 is required to favor HuR-mediated Ccnd1 mRNA stabilization, thus sustaining myoblast proliferation.
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Conclusion Desferrioxamine and ferric chloride don't alter the total amounts of IRP 2 mRNA in HL - 60 cells.
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Ulf, I, and others generated the first restriction endonuclease maps of this virus, and Dr.S. Jane Flint and I began to analyze the regions of the genome expressed as mRNAs in both productively infected cells and in adenovirus transformed cells.
Phillip A. Sharp - Autobiography
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To characterize this photic entrainment we examined frq expression in constant light, under which condition the mRNA and protein of this clock gene were strongly induced.
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This phenomenon, known as allelic imbalance, causes differences in the levels of mRNA expression.
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Intronic SSRs can affect gene transcription, mRNA splicing, or export to cytoplasm.
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The researchers used a technique that measures for what is known as allelic mRNA expression imbalance, which was developed in the Pharmacogenomics Core Lab, Program in Pharmacogenomics directed by Wolfgang Sadee, a co-author of this paper and a professor and chair of pharmacology at Ohio State.
PhysOrg.com - latest science and technology news stories
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The present study is concerned with the control of expression through mRNA degradation.
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We also find that PMA and LPS increase the level of hres mRNA while pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which is an inhibitor of Sp1 binding, abrogates the basal, and also PMA/LPS induced resistin mRNA levels.
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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After immediate perfusion with cold cardioplegia, full-thickness samples from left ventricular free wall were cleaned rapidly of all epicardial fat and snap frozen into liquid nitrogen for later protein and mRNA analysis.
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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Inflammatory bowel disease mucosal biopsies have specialized lymphokine mRNA profiles.
The Autoimmune Epidemic
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Marked RNA synthesis occurs in the tapetal cells at all stages of meiosis with a peak at diplotene, indicating that long before the tapetum begins to disintegrate it acquires a complex set of specifications in the form of mRNAs.
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This stimulated our interest in comparing the relative structures of nuclear precursor RNA and cytoplasmic mRNA from the adenovirus genome.
Phillip A. Sharp - Autobiography
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Indeed, the miRNA-associated protein Ago2 was reported to repress mRNA translation through direct interaction with the 5′ cap HeLa and 293T cell lysates were prepared using polysome lysis buffer (PLB) as described
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By in situ hybridization, MnSOD mRNA can be detected in arterioles, septal tips of alveolar ducts, endothelial cells, and in pleural mesothelium of hyperoxia-exposed rats.
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Morales CR, Kwon YK, Hecht NB (1991) Cytoplasmic localization during storage and translation of the mRNAs of transition protein 1 and protamine 1, two translationally regulated transcripts of the mammalian testis.
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Results The expression of B 7 - H 1 mRNA and protein in astrocyte line CRL - 2541 was decreased after RNAi.
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Third, the dsRNA had to correspond to the mature mRNA sequence; neither intron nor promoter sequences triggered a response.
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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These regulatory networks can be further explored by mapping the individual mRNAs composing the supergenes and by investigating the functions of these individual genes.
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Shortly after gastrulation, lig mRNA was present in the germ band at relatively low levels; expression increased markedly from stage 9, at which neuroblasts delaminate from the ectoderm.
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Once the DNA has been transcribed, the mRNA (messenger RNA) detaches from the DNA.
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Erythrocytes are enucleate and contain primarily globin mRNA.
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Giorgini F, Davies HG, Braun RE (2001) MSY2 and MSY4 bind a conserved sequence in the 3′ untranslated region of protamine 1 mRNA in vitro and in vivo.
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Objective: To investigate twisted gastrulation protein(TSG) in human and mouse testes on mRNA level in different developmental stage.
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After a gene that encodes a protein is transcribed to a messenger RNA (mRNA), the code is delivered to an RNA / protein complex, an multienzyme, called a ribosome.
Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium - Recent changes [en]
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(NASDAQ: MRNA) is trading higher after it announced a study effort with Pfizer to focus on the evaluation of MDRNA's proprietary di-alkylated amino acids platform and UsiRNA constructs for RNA interference.
24/7 Wall St.
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Conclusions 1. The expression of ESM - 1 mRNA and protein increased significantly in the malignant lymphoma.
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Don Giovanni, described by Mozart and Da Ponte as a "Dramrna giocoso," has been brainwashed even more thoroughly than The Magic Flute by the intervening generations of those who loved their opera unwisely but too well.
An Autobiography
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And there is excellent evidence in mRNA assays that modern humans didn't come about as mutated Neandertals … they didn't father (or, more pertinently, mother) us.
Amazing Brain Evolution
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Retrogenes are formed when the mRNA encounters something - often a type of virus called a retrovirus - that turns it back into DNA through a process referred to as reverse transcription.
CITIZEN-TIMES.com - News
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A. 1-3: OlWnt-I mRNA expression localizes exclusively to the inter-ostial exopinacoderm.
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The antisense strand is loaded into the RISC complex and links the complex to the mRNA strand by base-pairing.
Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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Similarly, studies on the frog Xenopus laevis show POMC mRNA expression in the same regions.
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In 1998, the American scientists Andrew Fire and Craig Mello published their discovery of a mechanism that can degrade mRNA from a specific gene.
Press Release: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
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First, it is a highly conserved component of eukaryotic mRNA decay machinery.
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In higher eukaryotes, introns are spliced out of protein-coding mRNAs by the spliceosome, a massive complex comprising five non-coding RNAs and about 200 proteins.
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The ligated mRNA is reverse transcribed using a general or gene-specific primer.
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The levels of rbcS mRNA decreased to a minimum at 76 DAS, then increased to a maximum at 110 DAS, and finally declined.
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This value was lower than the average amount of mRNA detected in all polysomes (two ribosomes per mRNA) in leaves of arabidopsis and rapidly dividing yeast cells.
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On the other hand, the reduced mRNA levels of Notch1, phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2), ankyrin repeat domain 2
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Deletion of this sequence resulted in a twofold increase in ADH activity due to an underlying twofold increase in mRNA levels, suggesting a functional role in the negative regulation of mRNA.
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The expression of HIF - 1α mRNA and protein was stronger in earlier period than anaphase.
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The verb mṛṇā́ti 'crushes, grinds' is always available to the Sanskrit etymologist but a verb root paralleling Greek marmáirein 'to shine' is absent.
Rubbing away the shine (2)
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The building block cost for mRNA includes the nucleotides for an untranslated region and a polyA tail with empirically observed lengths.
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According to the first proposed mechanism, the repressor substance, probably an RNA-binding destabilizing protein, acts not directly on the Makorin1 gene but upon the mRNA that is transcribed by the gene.
