How To Use Monomer In A Sentence
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For example, plant monomeric forms, composed only of catalytic subunits, are relatively common in plant species and coexist with higher molecular weight forms (presumably tetrameric, according to its molecular size).
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Although commonly represented as monomers, organolithiums tend to form oligomers of two to six monomer units.
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These actin nucleation sites lead to the formation of large aggregates due to charge shielding between actin monomers in the aggregate and monomers in the bulk.
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On the other hand, for a system of four peptides, there are six ways to form dimers, four ways to form trimers and monomers, and only one way to form a tetramer.
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The formyl termini have been patched onto the last valine residue in the sequence of each monomer.
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It is produced through a free radical polymerization reaction of styrene monomers.
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This complex can lead to the formation of uncolored and colored dimers and/or revert back to the monomers in their ground state by disproportionation of the semiquinone radical.
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Sodium polyacrylate is a polymer containing many acrylate monomers connected end-to-end in a large chain.
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Omitting the DVB produces a rubbery brown polymer, and using both styrene and DVB comonomers with soy or corn oil produces a relatively flexible brown or black material.
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Fig. 4 compares the decay of the excited state for the native trimer and the solubilized monomer.
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Other interesting results obtained by Natta in the field of macromolecular chemistry concern the synthesis of crystalline alternating copolymers of different couples of monomers and the synthesis of various sterically ordered polymers of non-hydrocarbon monomers.
Giulio Natta - Biography
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Tropomyosin binds to actin by occupying seven consecutive monomers.
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The regions of the monomer that move most during catalysis are shown in dark gray.
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Recordings of ion currents do not reveal any difference between the monomers of the trimer in regard to their conductance and blockage by water-soluble polymers or antibiotics.
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The monomers undergo rotary motion with simultaneous relative lateral displacement rather than direct axial separation.
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CR/ polystyrene (PS) IPN blend was prepared by stepwise synthesis based on CR and styrene monomer and using divinyl benzene(DVB) as crosslinking agent of PS.
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The monomer, ethene or ethylene, is obtained in large quantities from the cracking of petroleum.
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Results monomer of rubescensin A was obtained by using determinate ratio of organic regents and recrystallization.
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In all cases the monomeric lipid molecule is virtually absent, dimeric or trimeric species predominating in each case.
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Our findings do not overcome the problems presented by enantiomeric cross inhibition because none of our templates are copied efficiently when the monomeric substrate is racemic.
Good Math, Bad Math, and David Berlinkski - The Panda's Thumb
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Another domain is usually responsible for dimerization or oligomerization of the transcription factor monomers.
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The manufacturing steps for Tedlar film include producing vinyl fluoride (VF) monomer, which is converted into polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) polymer resins, and extruded into the Tedlar film.
Renewable Energy News - RenewableEnergyWorld.com
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We find that the tetramer and the dimer become less stable than the monomer as the pH is lowered.
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According to the analysis of the flavor and sensory perception of dairy products, different kinds of dairy essence can be created by compounding over-dose of some trace monomer component.
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For the serine variants, dimeric intermediates predominate after ice incubation, and the trimeric intermediates dissociate to monomers in the presence of reducing agent.
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A small region of monomer B catalytic domain (dark grey) and monomer C oligomerisation domain (light grey) have been included to illustrate the proximity of point mutations with regard to dimer and tetramer interfaces.
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AAEM is easy to react with other acrylic acid and methacrylic acid monomer.
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For example, polystyrene is the material that results from the polymerization of styrene monomers.
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The membrane-associated [beta] strand structure is oligomeric, and this oligomerization can result from association of soluble peptide monomers with membranes.
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The trick is to control the density of these groups by adding a hydrocarbon diluent to the monomer mix.
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The segment -- which serves customers in the chemical, paint and adhesives industries -- produces and supplies acetyl products such as acetic acid, vinyl acetate monomer, acetic anhydride and other acetyl derivatives.
Celanese Raises Full-Year Forecast
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The P protein associates with monomeric N protein destined for nucleocapsid assembly and serves as a polymerase co-factor essential for RNA synthesis
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The FRET measurements also show a slow increase in oligomerization of EGFR monomers after growth factor binding.
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An initial exponential decay of current corresponds to the inactivation of monomer channel conductance and a longer time scale quasi-steady-state represents the diffusion of ions to a bimolecular surface reaction.
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E. coli SSADH was purified and crystallised in the presence of the reducing agent β-mercaptoethanol, and accordingly, the structure we report most closely resembles the active form of human SSADH (2w8o) and superposes with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.79 Å over 472 Cα (2w8o and Monomer A,
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The bacterial flagellar filament is a helical, self-assembling polymer of flagellin monomers.
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The hook and the filament are self-assembling helical polymers constructed from monomers of the protein flagellin.
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The association of the monomers may affect the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
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Peroxidase is probably implicated in lignin and/or suberin formation during the polymerization of monoglinols or aromatic monomers.
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Several lines of evidence suggest the association between ActA and filaments ends is persistent and capable of supporting strong tensile or torsional forces over many cycles of monomer addition.
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According to the analysis of the flavor and sensory perception of dairy products, different kinds of dairy essence can be created by compounding over-dose of some trace monomer component.
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One explanation is the metal ions bind inside the dimer between the monomers of a double-helix.
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Polymerization is another type of chemical reaction employed in organic synthesis to couple small monomeric units into a much larger chain.
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BASF and INEOS said in a joint statement that Styrolution will be equally owned and combine their global business activities in styrene monomers, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, styrene-butadiene block copolymers and other styrene-based copolymers as well as copolymer blends.
BASF Sets Up Styrenics Joint Venture
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These monomers are generally bonded together in a chain-like manner creating a molecular backbone.
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Third, polymers may contain dozens of different monomers, such as copolymers and proteins which are simply polymers of amino acids.
Citizendium, the Citizens' Compendium - Recent changes [en]
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Upon energizing the membrane, the dimeric and tetrameric precursors were transported across the membrane with efficiencies comparable with that of monomeric precursors.
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This compound is the base chemical (monomer) used to make polycarbonate plastic food and beverage containers, the resin lining of cans, and dental sealants; it also is found in "carbonless" paper used for receipts as well as a wide range of other common household products.
.PARALLEL UNIVERSES.
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Two possibilities are that peptide inserts as a monomer and transposes its environment to initiate aggregation into oligomers/protofibrils or that the peptide oligomerizes and then inserts into membranes to stabilize itself.
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The paper discussed the influences of the melt flow rate, long branched chain and the copolymerized monomer of polyolefin on the melting strength.
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Temperature, type of initiators, molecular regulator, addition time of monomers were investigated in terms of monomer conversion, molecular weight and its distribution.
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It is suggested that the monomer, exciplex and electroplex emissions are simultaneously involved in EL spectra by comparison of the EL with the PL spectra and decomposition of the EL spectrum.
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The plant will be constructed within an existing Hexion manufacturing complex in Onsan to produce Cardura monomer, which is a glycidyl ester derivative of Versatic Acid 10.
New Statesman
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First, by lowering the pH the tetrameric structure of the protein is disrupted and is disassociated into a monomeric structure, which is structurally different from the monomer at normal pH.
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Speckled images of such polymer structures are obtained by microinjecting low amounts of labeled monomers into cells.
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In contrast to the homotrimeric solution state of native riboflavin synthase, the enzyme was found to be monomeric in the crystal structure.
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The thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to an active monomer that polymerizes to form a fibrin meshwork.
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The interaction between the template molecule norfioxacin and the functional monomer was evaluated by UV spectrum titration. The membranes' surface features were analyzed by scan electron micrography.
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Although many different proteins with diverse functions act on DNA, most act as monomers or components of oligomers containing relatively few other elements.
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As shown in a recent modeling of another membrane protein detergent molecules rearrange to form a fused micelle around the protein and in our case they adapt to the irregular surface of the monomer better than phospholipids.
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Metallocene catalysts allow for control of tacticity in polyolefins, making it possible to synthesize materials with a wide range of properties from a single monomer.
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The hydroperoxidation product (EPHP) was used to initiate olefine monomers, such as styrene, etc. for grafting copolymerization and examination of toughening effect of the grafted EP in the blend.
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It customarily refers to the number of monomers in one turn of actin's left-handed helix.
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This dissociation constant is more than 100 times less than the dissociation constant for monomeric thiazole orange.
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The thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to an active monomer that polymerizes to form a fibrin meshwork.
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The petrochemical plant produces caustic soda, ethylene dichloride and vinyl cholirede monomer.
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With large amounts of monomer, bulk polymerization often takes very turbulent and even explosive form.
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Comparing the middle panels to Fig.3 C, we expect that this system will be bistable, and, indeed, the time series shown in the middle left panel reveals that this is the case, although low monomer levels are very unlikely.
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Other monomers in the plurality include acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate.
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The only Copepoda protein analyzed for oligomerization is also a monomer.
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However, since phalloidin stabilizes F-actin structure and virtually abolishes the dissociation of actin monomers from filament ends, it also inhibits the dynamic behavior of actin filaments.
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The manufacturing steps for Tedlar oriented film include producing vinyl fluoride (VF) monomer, which is converted into polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) polymer resins, and extruded into the Tedlar film.
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Polyurethanes are created from dihydric alcohols and diisocyanate monomers.
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The softer grade was formed by pretreating the monomers (single units) with oxygen and polymerizing them at 149°F.
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The results indicate that the molar fraction of the comonomer 1-hexene of 1-hexane LLDPE is lower than that of 1-butene of its counterpart with similar density and melt flow rate.
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The monomers exhibit axial chirality, which is recognized by their partner cage during the template-free interlocking assembly process.
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It is suggested that the monomer, exciplex and electroplex emissions are simultaneously involved in EL spectra by comparison of the EL with the PL spectra and decomposition of the EL spectrum.
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The obligate dimer (A+B, C+D) is formed by domain swapping; such that strand s3B of the oligomerisation domain in monomer A forms β-sheet hydrogen bonding with strand s7D of the catalytic domain in monomer B to make a
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The enzyme in solution is a monomer as pointed out by dynamic-light-scattering studies.
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Perhaps the most promising approach is to process used plastic to recover resources in the form of oils and monomers that could be reused to synthesize new plastics.
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It is also known that UCB has multiple physical states, including monomers, oligomers, metastable aggregates and sedimentable particles
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Second, the separate filaments depolymerize into monomers.
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What Blackmond realised was that it was the dimers, not the monomers, that were catalytically active, and only the heterochiral dimer was not active.
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According to the company, cyanoacrylates are reactive monomer liquids that become polymer films when they react to moisture or certain chemicals.
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Some of these short caps broke off when the actin monomers were washed out; the rest depolymerized within 300 s.
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So, it seems, the Earth's primordial soup was primed with the monomers for making the polymeric components of primitive life.
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Important monomers which undergo these reactions include styrene, methylmethacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and other acrylates.
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A fliD-deficient mutant becomes non-motile because it lacks flagellar filaments and leaks flagellin monomer out into the medium.
Confirmation Bias and ID
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Histamine sensor was constructed based on molecularly imprinted polymer - modified electrode with m - aminophenol used as functional monomer.
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Depending on the type of monomer, side groups may extend out from this primary backbone.
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In addition, both monomeric and dimeric CPAP are required for accurate cell division, suggesting that the temporal dynamics of CPAP homodimerization is tightly regulated during the cell cycle.
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Red wine contains a complex mixture of bioactive compounds, including flavonols, monomeric and polymeric flavan-3-ols, highly colored anthocyanins, as well as phenolic acids and the stilbene polyphenol, resveratrol.
Scientific Blogging
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In free radical polymerization, monomers can add to each other without formation of a small molecule.
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The surfaces of the different copolymers exhibited a different surface energy depending on the kind of the comonomer due to the different mass fraction of the maleic acid groups.
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We've gotten a monomer from the most effective formula by analyzing its ingredients and chemical components.
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Objective:Sinomenine, a alkaloid monomer extracting from a plant Sinomenium acutum, has been used to relieve rheumatoid arthritis in human having well therapeutic effect and a few side effect.
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It is important to note that, in contrast to coral GFP-like proteins, the new Hydrozoa fluorescent proteins are dimeric rather than tetrameric, whereas the new chromoprotein appears to be a monomer.
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In the processes according to this aspect of the invention, any of the monomer synthons according to the invention is used in place of the conventional beta-cyanoethyl phosphoramidite.
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Depending on the location of the side groups and the nature of the starting monomers, linear polymers can have various structural isomers denoted as isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic.
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In addition, the expression problems with obligate tetrameric red fluorescent proteins are being overcome by the efforts to generate monomeric variants, which have yielded derivatives that are more compatible with biological function.
Archive 2005-10-01
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Polyurethanes are created from dihydric alcohols and diisocyanate monomers.
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The influences of the type of monomers and emulsifiers on film forming property of the emulsion and water resistant property and mechanic property of the impregnated filter paper are discussed.
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The monomers oligomerize after insertion into the bilayer.
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Because this enzyme shows no activity in its monomeric form, correct quaternary structure is essential for the formation of active enzyme.
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Fig. 10 A shows the water-membrane partition equilibrium of the monomer.
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Previous work has shown that these polymerised forms are unstable in acid conditions (such as gastric juice) and that only monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms are passed to the intestine for absorption.
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This analysis indicated that, tentatively, increased stem elongation was accompanied by a promotion of cutin monomer hydroxylation.
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If you go the thermal depolymerization route, you could convert it into hydrocarbon fuel or monomer feedstock.
The Speculist: Things are About to get Interesting
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Results monomer of rubescensin A was obtained by using determinate ratio of organic regents and recrystallization.
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The result may be low molecular weight, broad molecular weight distribution, or the presence of nonreacted monomers or oligomers with very low molecular weights.
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It has been proposed that the fusion peptide is obliquely inserted into the target membrane as a flexible monomer in an helical conformation.
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We had noted the same effect in a previous study, where a modified Rh6G dye molecule was copolymerized with methacrylic monomers, resulting in a laser material with considerably augmented photostability.
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Depending on the location of the side groups and the nature of the starting monomers, linear polymers can have various structural isomers denoted as isotactic, syndiotactic, or atactic.
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Meth- od:Bioassay guided isolation was used to find out the monomeric compounds by carrying out the vitro anti - malaria assay on the fractions isola - ted from the MeOHextract of Semen Arecae.
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It involves the suspension of monomer particles in water.
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The results indicate that the molar fraction of the comonomer 1-hexene of 1-hexane LLDPE is lower than that of 1-butene of its counterpart with similar density and melt flow rate.
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Do aggregates of A2E have a higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield rather than monomers?
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The common characteristics of flavonol SOTs are as follows: they all do not use divalent cations for sulphonation, they have a similar mass of 35 kDa, and the active form of these enzymes is a monomer.
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Reduction of the di-iron centre is required for oxygen binding and substrate oxidation [2];, enzyme contains a bridged dinuclear iron centre [4];, a-helical structure that surrounds the binuclear iron binding site [6];, enzyme contains 4 components: 1. a monomeric 35500 Da NADH reductase containing 1 mol of FAD and a probable 2Fe-2S center, 2. a 13300 Da ferredoxin containing a Rieske-type
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Strand s1B of the oligomerisation domain of monomer A and that of monomer C sit side-by-side and the two β-sheets form a V-shape at the interface.
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The analyses of circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that the monomer is well folded, and that it has certain characteristic features when compared to its tetrameric counterpart.
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Invertase can exist as active monomer ( light invertase ) or as an aggregated active form ( heavy invertase ).
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Different functionality may be introduced by using comonomers such as methacrylic acid (carboxylic acid groups) or hydroxy ethyl acrylate (hydroxyl groups).
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About 70 years ago, towards the end of 1938 and at the start of 1939 to be exact, the chemist Walter Reppe, working in a BASF laboratory in Ludwigshafen, used acetylene and pyrrolidone to produce a new monomer called vinylpyrrolidone, which in turn can be transformed into the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone.
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We surmise that protonation of titratable residues of the HA1 domain at low pH enhances the electrostatic repulsion between the monomers of the globular domain and thus lowers the stability of their association.
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Cells treated with H35N (a mutant of α-HL that remains as membrane bound monomer), have been shown to accumulate hypodiploid nuclei, activate caspases and induce intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Elites TV
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Fibrinogen is modified by thrombin to produce fibrin monomers that are the primary constituent of the fibrin clot.
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Monomers involved in condensation reactions typically contain two reactive groups within the molecule.
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More than one compound can be used as the monomer, producing copolymers or terpolymers.
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The main composition of the emulsion polymerization is monomer, water, and initiator.
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Using various concentrations of dyes and different processing conditions, they could produce almost any combination of monomer and excimer emission.
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Possible effects of monomer tilt or lateral motion on the elastic energy are neglected.
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Soucie EL, Dlugosz PJ, Cruz-Aguado JA, Penn LZ, et al. (2005) Bax forms multispanning monomers that oligomerize to permeabilize membranes during apoptosis.
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Pyrene-labeled lipids were excited at 344 nm, and monomer and excimer emission intensities were detected at 398 and 480 nm, respectively, with bandpasses of 4.0 nm.
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The monomer is specific for every polymer and determines the name of the substance.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1991
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The effects of monomer ratio and surface active agent on thermal gravimetry were studied.
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Addition polymerization reactions use free radical monomers to produce polymers.
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We observed subunit dissociation directly in excess vitamin D binding protein to sequester monomers and preclude association reactions.
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The age of superplastics has its origins in the last decade or so and is largely a result of fundamental insights into the nature of matter, most especially the electronic and physical properties of monomers, which are small groups of molecules that can be linked into long chains known as polymers.
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PLY solution species from monomer via multimeric intermediates to ring-shaped oligomers were studied with time-dependent sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge.
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The material safety data sheet for the mold-release spray indicated the presence of a small amount (less than 1%) of tetrafluoroethylene, a fluorocarbon monomer.
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Styrene degassing tower is one of chief equipments of styrene monomer recover system of StyreneButadiene Rubber device.
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The binding strength of FN toward the substrate was adjusted using a set of thin films of different alternating maleic anhydride copolymers containing comonomers with varied alkyl chain length.
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PVC production requires vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), a dangerous explosive, and creates toxic waste, notably ethylene dichloride (EDC) tars—two things no neighborhood wants.
THE STORY OF STUFF
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In our present work, we use the Replica Exchange Monte Carlo method to obtain the canonical distribution of both monomer and dimer forms separately.
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An advantage of the new methods is the utilization of easily accessible allylic amine derivatives as monomer precursors.
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There are two main flows of C substrates from plants: plant litter formation with lignocellulose as a main component resistant to microbial breakdown; and the continuous supply of readily available C monomers (root and foliage exudation).
Effects of changes in climate and UV radiation levels on function of arctic ecosystems in the short and long term
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There are two main flows of C substrates from plants: plant litter formation with lignocellulose as a main component resistant to microbial breakdown; and the continuous supply of readily available C monomers (root and foliage exudation).
Effects of changes in climate and UV radiation levels on function of arctic ecosystems in the short and long term
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On another front, progress has recently been made in rendering polycondensation itself a controlled, living process by the judicious choice of monomer and well-defined molecular initiators.
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The surface-rigidified cerasome is infusible and the monomeric cerasome complex of DNA is of viral size.
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The acrylic-modified waterborne alkyd is a hybrid resin prepared by the polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a waterborne alkyd having at least one pendant sulfonate functionality.
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Moreover, monomeric α-syn can be found in lipid rafts, which is required for the synaptic localization of α-syn
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In order to utilize the primary components isoprene, cyclopentadiene and piperylene efficiently, the appropriate method for separation should be selected to gain pure monomer.
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The two monomers are interwound, forming a lobster-like structure with two flexible arms consisting of two antiparallel-ribbons.
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During polymerization, propene monomer units insert between hafnium and the existing polypropylene chain, Sita explains.
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The existence of several dimer species is not surprising given the presence of monosubstituted and disubstituted monomers plus isomers with different positions of sulfonation of the phthalocyanine nucleus.
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We've gotten a monomer from the most effective formula by analyzing its ingredients and chemical components.
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These materials are made up of specific monomers including saccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides, respectively.
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Second, the C-propeptides of vertebrate procollagen also contain variable sequences, which promote selective oligomerization of structurally compatible monomers.
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Also, Celanese of Dallas is raising price by 3â¢/lb for paraformaldehyde, 5â¢/lb for acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate monomer, methyl isobutyl carbinol and methyl isobutyl ketone and 8â¢/lb for acetic anhydride.
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Here, EDEA serves as a comonomer in the reaction.
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To attain a better insight into the stabilizing mechanisms, computational studies, X-ray diffraction analysis, structure changes in dye monomers, polymers and copolymers and other approaches are currently in progress in our group.
