How To Use Hypertonic In A Sentence
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Sputum induction is a respiratory therapy technique that uses hypertonic saline to induce sputum production.
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The investigators derived the protoplasts from GAS by treating the GAS with phage lysin (described below) in a hypertonic medium, to prevent lysis.
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We also show that pathologic hypertonicity levels, as occurring in plasma of patients and animal models of osmoregulatory disorders, inhibited the induction of cyclins and aurora B kinase in response to T cell receptor stimulation in fresh NFAT5
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A horse's sweat is hypertonic ie it contains a higher concentration of salts than the plasma from which it is derived.
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They list such benefits as alleviating pain and reducing inflammation; reducing hypertonicity of muscles; improving joint and muscle function; and reducing and relieving skin irritation, cutaneous lesions with neurodermatitis and psoriasis.
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We also show that pathologic hypertonicity levels, as occurring in plasma of patients and animal models of osmoregulatory disorders, inhibited the induction of cyclins and aurora B kinase in response to T cell receptor stimulation in fresh NFAT5
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Water restriction would lead to more obvious hypertonicity.
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Microarray profiling of wild type worms exposed to non-lethal hypertonicity identified a suite of genes that were also regulated by infection.
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We were interested in analyzing how the deficiency of NFAT5 in proliferating cells affected hypertonicity-regulated processes such as the induction of genotoxic stress-like responses and the cell cycle.
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Our previous results raised the question of whether the control of the cytoplasmic localization of NFAT5 was necessary to prevent the activation of osmoregulatory responses in the absence of hypertonic stress.
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Vasopressin continued to act in patients excreting isotonic or hypertonic urine, so hypotonic intake must be avoided in them.
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Our results show that hypertonicity elicited an early, NFAT5-independent, genotoxic stress response and cell cycle arrest in proliferating lymphocytes, which was followed by an NFAT5-dependent phase in which cells induced osmoprotective gene products, downregulated genotoxic stress markers and reactivated the cell cycle.
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NFAT5 regulates the adaptation of mammalian cells to hypertonic stress by inducing the expression of osmoprotective gene products that include chaperones and a number of enzymes and transporters, such as aldose reductase (AR), whose collective function is to increase the intracellular concentration of compatible organic osmolytes that allow cells to adapt and survive in a hypertonic environment
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+ / + and NFAT5 − / − T lymphocytes induced to proliferate with (A) anti-CD3 / CD28 antibodies plus IL-2 or (B) concanavalin A (ConA) plus IL-2 in isotonic or moderately hypertonic media.
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Inhalation of hypertonic saline can be used to obtain sputum from most nonexpectorating patients, and provides a larger volume than achieved by spontaneous expectoration.
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Mutin M, Woo SK, Kwon HM, Tappaz ML (2004) Transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) which transactivates osmoprotective genes is expressed and upregulated following acute systemic hypertonicity in neurons in brain.
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The purpose of this activity is to teach the students about osmosis and the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on animal cells.
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A major advantage of sputum induction, however, is that patients who are normally unable to expectorate can almost always produce sputum after inhaling hypertonic saline.
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Perineal biofeedback may be particularly effective when there is presumed hypertonicity of the pelvic floor muscles.
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This vicious cycle forces the fissure open and prevents healing, which in turn exacerbates the sphincter hypertonicity.
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If water flows from the cell into the stronger solution outside, the external solution is said to be hypertonic.
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This interpretation is consistent with the finding that cells lacking the chaperones Hsp70 and Hspa4l / Osp94, whose induction by hypertonicity is NFAT5-dependent, have defects similar to those of NFAT5
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The hypothesis of the study was that acupuncture would reduce muscle hypertonicity in children with cerebral palsy.
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The hypertonicity of the radiopaque agent draws fluid into the bowel to facilitate passage and expulsion of the tenacious meconium.
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Neurologically they are hypertonic and may have frequent episodes of apnea.
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Hypertonic saline gauze is impregnated with dry sodium chloride.
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Sputum induction using inhalation of hypertonic saline appears to be safe for individuals with CF.
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Infant colic is characterized by excessive and inconsolable crying, hypertonicity, and wakefulness, mainly in the evening.
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Hypertonic saline dressings are not appropriate for minimally draining wounds or wounds covered with dehydrated slough or eschar; these dressings depend on wound moisture to moisten them.
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In hypertonic syndromes the brain compensates by increasing osmoles in the brain cells.
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hypertonic muscle tissue
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A useful treatment method is the potent loop diuretic, furosemide, along with the hypertonic saline.
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Effect of hypertonicity on cyclin induction by mitogens or T cell receptor activation in NFAT5 − / − T cells.
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The sequelae of hypertonicity are believed to result largely from changes in brain cell size.
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We show that hypertonicity triggered an early, NFAT5-independent, genotoxic stress-like response with induction of p53, p21 and GADD45, downregulation of cyclins, and cell cycle arrest.
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When the nervous system becomes involved, the muscle tendon bundles remain hypertonic and pain reflexes in the area are activated.
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If age, weakness, or intercurrent illness prevents adequate fluid intake, then severe hypertonicity may result.
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We analyzed the induction of osmoprotective gene products in response to hypertonicity in proliferating T cells obtained by culturing splenocytes with the mitogen concanavalin A plus IL-2 during 72 hours.
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Being a breakdown product of hemoglobin, urine is colored by urobilinogen and is more hypertonic than plasma and more acid.
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Vasopressin continued to act in patients excreting isotonic or hypertonic urine, so hypotonic intake must be avoided in them.
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In addition to muscle weakness, many children have spasticity or hypertonicity in the muscles of the weaker side.
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