How To Use Hydrolysis In A Sentence
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Amides tend to be somewhat less reactive, but are also subject to hydrolysis and analogous reactions.
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Another preparation method involves acid hydrolysis of methyl formate.
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Alkalaemia suppresses renal ammoniagenesis, but the hydrolysis of urea by bacteria liberates ammonia that alkalises urine.
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Acid hydrolysis of crude leaf mucilage extract in both Z. mauritiana and Z. rotundifolia revealed that the main sugar constituents were rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose.
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· Appropriate starters have been developed that can produce amylase and linamarase enzymes necessary for starch breakdown and cyanogenic glucoside hydrolysis; two major biochemical processes needed in cassava processing.
12 Cassava Processing in Africa
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The preparation process consists of pretreatment, acid hydrolysis , neutralization, decoloration and concentration.
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Starch and pectin qualitative analyses were negative, the hydrolysis could not be determined precisely.
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Glucose accumulation rate during storage increased significantly with seed water content, which suggested the occurrence of greater sugar hydrolysis from sucrose and oligosaccharides.
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Treh-1 is a cytosolic enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of endogenous trehalose, while Treh-2 is an extracellular enzyme proposed to have a role in the assimilation of exogenous trehalose as a carbon source
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The solution formed by hydrolysis may be acidic, basic, or neutral.
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Natural benzaldehyde is prepared by hydrolysis cassia leaf oil.
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This compound is then decomposed by ammonia, dinitrophenylhydrazoate being formed, which on hydrolysis with alcoholic potash gives potassium hydrazoate (azide) and dinitrophenol.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"
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Then why does no one call G proteins motors, despite the fact that they harness the energy from hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate to cause a conformational change by the same mechanism seen in myosins and kinesins?
Analogy, How Scientifically Powerful is It?
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(PCC) to give 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, the NMR data of which were identical to those of the aglycone, which was obtained after hydrolysis of the glycoside.
Chapter 7
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To check for artifactual halogenation of proteins, each batch of samples subjected to hydrolysis contained an additional sample of albumin.
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Results The globin hydrolysate which fully contained small molecule peptide showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity and some hemagglutinative activity with the degree of hydrolysis of 12.6%.
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Triflic anhydride, and its hydrolysis product, the viciously strong triflic acid, are notorious plastic-eaters and cap-softeners.
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A great amount of simple salt could weaken the effect of HPAM. When the hydrolysis degree of HPAM became higher, more simple salt was needed to screen the effect of HPAM thoroughly.
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And selected enzyme hydrolysis of egg albumin suitable conditions ( results ).
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Objective : To study hydrolysis of vitamin E acetate cholesterol esterase in the reversed micelle systems.
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When hydrolysis occurs, we will write a chemical equation to describe it, and new species will be formed in solution.
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Larger chemicals such as esters, amines, hydrazines, and carbamates are generally biotransformed by hydrolysis.
Biotransformation
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Helicases are protein motors that use the energy of NTP hydrolysis to dissociate the hydrogen bonding between the nucleic acid duplexes and also to disrupt other non-covalent interactions between complementary base pairs.
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The process combines hydrolysis and thermolysis, two hydrogen generating processes that aren't practical themselves for vehicle applications.
Ecofriend
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Starch and starch hydrolysis products constitute most of the digestible carbohydrate in the human diet.
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Cytosine can be formed by reacting cyanoacetylene with cyanate, cyanogen or urea, and uracil can be produced by the hydrolysis of cytosine.
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The process composed of hydrolysis acidification and biological contact oxidation adopted to treat wool washing wastewater.
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A given exonuclease hydrolyzes DNA at a fixed rate, but there exist a distribution of conformations and a distribution of hydrolysis rates.
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycoside with b-D-glucosidase, gave 2,5 - dihydroxybenzyl alcohol from the ethyl acetate extract, identified as its triacetate, whereas acid hydrolysis with 5% ethanolic sulphuric acid gave 3 - hydroxy-2, 6-dimethoxyethyl benzoate and glucose, as the sole monosaccharide in the aqueous solution (TLC).
Chapter 7
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An early favorite target was the vital enzyme acetylcholinesterase, required for hydrolysis of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, and it has been exploited by agrochemical companies in a spectacular manner.
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Acid anhydride bonds have a high DG 0’ for hydrolysis imparting upon them a high potential to transfer the phosphates to other molecules.
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The samples of corn straw were hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid at different temperatures.
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A cold-trapping experiment revealed that the nonenzymatic rate of Gln-AMP hydrolysis is too slow to account for the rapid AMP formation; hence, the hydrolysis of Gln-AMP to form glutamine and AMP must be directly catalyzed by the GlnRS x tRNA (2'HGln) complex.
Analogy, How Scientifically Powerful is It?
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Slide 26: Fatty Acids Animal fats and vegetable oils are both triesters of x glycerol, hence the name triglyceride • hydrolysis of a triglyceride in aqueous base followed by acidification gives glycerol and three fatty acids O RCOOH CH2 OH O CH2 OCR 1.
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On hydrolysis, sucrose will yield 1 molecule of glucose and I molecule of fructose.
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Protein hydrolysate preparation from Maixi carp was studied with double enzyme hydrolysis.
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It can attach and bind to cell walls and kill a cell by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cell wall peptidoglycan.
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This hydrolysis of glutaminyl adenylate represents a novel reaction that is directly analogous to the pre-transfer editing hydrolysis of noncognate aminoacyl adenylates by editing synthetases such as isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.
Analogy, How Scientifically Powerful is It?
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The samples of corn straw were hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid at different temperatures.
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They are rich in a mucilage, which on hydrolysis yields eight sugars, the pre dominant ones being d-galactose and l-arabinose in the ratio 8: 1.
Chapter 32
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Recent improvements in technology involve more sophisticated extraction methods and the use of an enzyme preparation from Saccharomyces fragilis which contains a fructosidase (inulase), whilst a microbiological technique has been developed that will give complete hydrolysis of the inulin.
Chapter 20
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Condensed tannins are oligomers and polymers of flavonoid units linked by carbon-carbon bonds, which are not susceptible to hydrolysis.
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The drug can only be released when it detaches from the PLA polymer chain, which occurs gradually by a reaction called ester hydrolysis.
Science Blog
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Loteprednol etabonate was synthesized through oxidation, acylation, hydrolysis and chloromethylation from the starting material prednisolone.
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Evidence emerged of progressive glass deterioration and raised concerns of possible parchment deterioration by hydrolysis.
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Renmatix says its industrial-scale process breaks down cellulose through something called "supercritical hydrolysis," which uses water at high temperatures and pressures to quickly solubilize cellulose from sources such as wood.
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A cold-trapping experiment revealed that the nonenzymatic rate of Gln-AMP hydrolysis is too slow to account for the rapid AMP formation; hence, the hydrolysis of Gln-AMP to form glutamine and AMP must be directly catalyzed by the GlnRS x tRNA (2'HGln) complex.
Analogy, How Scientifically Powerful is It?
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A better solution than "water importation" is the implementation of hydrolysis plants to desalinize the water.
Geography as Destiny, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
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The rate of hydrolysis depends not only on the tacticity of the polymer, but probably also on its configurational sequence statistics.
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Pleasingly, the residual thiophenol could be readily removed without silyl ether hydrolysis via passage of the product through a pad of basic alumina.
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Partially purified chlorophyll was used to prepare pheophorbide (Ph Eide) by chlorophyllase hydrolysis and selective acidic hydrolysis methods.
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Methylumbelliferone (MU; ε at pH 7.0) derived from MU-Man hydrolysis was measured continuously by a fluorimeter with an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and an emission wavelength of 440 nm.
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Grape sugar is mainly composed of glucose and fructose, produced after sucrose hydrolysis by invertase during grapevine maturation.
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Epub 2005 Apr 20. tRNA-dependent aminoacyl-adenylate hydrolysis by a nonediting class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.
Analogy, How Scientifically Powerful is It?
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The interim dwell takes place before the second substep and includes the hydrolysis reaction.
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The influence of branching on the enzymatic stability of the compounds was investigated, as it is known that sterically hindered ester prodrugs are more stable toward enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Using water containing deuterium instead of hydrogen enabled the researchers to trace how much hydrogen is generated from the hydrolysis reaction and how much from the thermolysis reaction − details critical to understanding the process.
The Engineer - News
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The nature of the biological processes driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis is, of course, highly anharmonic.
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Nonpeptizable boehmites were obtained at hydrolysis ratios at high temperature, leading to boehmite crystallites which condensed to large strongly interconnected polycrystalline fibrils.
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They solubilize dietary lipids facilitating their hydrolysis by lipases and their absorption into the bloodstream.
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Hydrolysis of an isocyanide is catalyzed by acid but not by alkali and the result is an amine.
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Digestion breaks down chemical bonds in a process called enzymatic hydrolysis.
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The gland seal design continues to include a plastic anti-extrusion ring, but is now of a larger section to withstand the increased metal-to-metal gaps which are the result of using bearing strip, the sealing material is now a responsive hydrolysis-resistant thermoplastic polyurethane, energised by a nitrile element.
Next Sealed | SciFi, Fantasy & Horror Collectibles
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The firm explained that hydrolysis, oxidation, polymerization, isomerization and cyclization are common chemical reactions in frying oil that produce both volatile and nonvolatile compounds.
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When hydrolysis occurs, we will write a chemical equation to describe it, and new species will be formed in solution.
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Beyerinck's auxanographic method was applied on several occasions by Eijkman, as for example during the secretion of enzymes which break down casein or bring about haemolysis, whereby he could demonstrate the hydrolysis of fats under the influence of lipases.
Christiaan Eijkman - Biography
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Saponification involves hydrolysis of esters under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid carboxylates, producing a soap-like solid from the fatty acid derivatives.
Joan Brunwasser: A Motor Oil Company That's Both Green and Responsible? Check Out Universal Lubricants
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In addition, clostridial fermentations will be particularly useful for the conversion of sugars from cellulose hydrolysis.
1 Production and Use
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Then the electricity from the photovoltaics will could be used to run hydrolysis reactions to produce hydrogen from water.
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The extracted triglycerides may then undergo hydrolysis to yield fatty acids and glycerol.
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In this paper, collagen peptide powder from the shark skin was prepared by some biochemistry techniques including proteinase hydrolysis, spray torrefaction.
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As explained earlier, dilute acid hydrolysis is very effective in breaking the glycosidic linkages between component hexoses, but it also breaks down the sugar hexose units.
3 Ethanol Production
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Saponification involves hydrolysis of esters under basic conditions to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid carboxylates, producing a soap-like solid from the fatty acid derivatives.
Joan Brunwasser: A Motor Oil Company That's Both Green and Responsible? Check Out Universal Lubricants
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On the other hand, virtually no hydrolysis occurs with an isopropyl group and the return of AChE is dependent upon synthesis of a new enzyme.
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The biochemical degradation of proteins through hydrolysis of peptide bonds is caused by the action of proteolytic enzymes or proteases.
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Application of flavoring enzyme hydrolysis and pectase lixiviation could effectively distill the original flavoring substances in grape fruits.
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In this conjugate, the free alcoholic hydroxy group on the vinca alkaloid-based antineoplastic drug was generated by hydrolysis of the original acetate ester.
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As the process of hydrolysis proceeds, the amyloins become gradually poorer in amylin and relatively richer in maltose-groups.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria"
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As the structural and thermodynamic data about ATP mounted, combined with the enzymatic information and the discovery of myosin, Meyerhof was finally in a position to formally propose that the release of energy in ATP hydrolysis was the primary event leading to muscle contraction and that lactic acid and creatine phosphate were only indirectly involved through their role of maintaining the ATP cycle.
Otto Meyerhof and the Physiology Institute: the Birth of Modern Biochemistry
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In hydrolysis, water is combined with ammonia borane and the process requires a catalyst to generate hydrogen while, in thermolysis, the material must be heated to more than 170°C, or more than 330°F, to release sufficient quantities of hydrogen.
The Engineer - News
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Not only the cross-linkage reaction of hydrolysis condensation, but also the adjustment of crystalline construction relate with the treatment time of warm water and water.
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Many hydrolytic enzymes are thought to utilize divalent, dinuclear metal ion complexes to catalyze hydrolysis of phosphate esters and phosphoric anhydrides of biological substrates such as ATP and DNA.
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Another preparation method involves acid hydrolysis of methyl formate.
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Therefore, triglyceride quantitation is based on the measurement of both the free glycerol and the glycerol derived from triglyceride hydrolysis.
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We prepared active peptide from deer placenta by bienzyme hydrolysis.
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In these cases, hydrolysis is shown to take place at the hole edges where the surface curvature is high, providing an exposed site for hydrolysis.
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Soluble sugars were determined colorimetrically after hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase.
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Industrially ethanol is now mostly frequently manufactured by the catalytic hydration of ethene or by the hydrolysis of ethyl sulfates.
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If they are added, for example, in the form of an emulsion to the binder then hydrolysis of the siccatives often takes place and their reaction products, which are insoluble, settle out.
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Other activities of specialized kinesin-like proteins, such as microtubule depolymerization by proteins of the kinesin 13 family, also require ATP hydrolysis
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The process composed of hydrolysis acidification and biological contact oxidation adopted to treat wool washing wastewater.
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The validity, specificity and sensitivity of the method as well as the hydrolysis conditions on pretreatment of urine containing morphine-glucuronide conjugate were studied.
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Thus, catalysis is believed to involve a one-step, metal-ion-mediated hydrolysis of the substrate by a metal-activated water molecule.
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What's more , the whole process of life is supported by the energy released during the hydrolysis of ATP(adenosine triphosphate ) which attaches at the protein molecule .
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The process of breaking up a molecule with the aid of water is called hydrolysis.
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Cytosine can be formed by reacting cyanoacetylene with cyanate, cyanogen or urea, and uracil can be produced by the hydrolysis of cytosine.
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Renmatix says its industrial-scale process breaks down cellulose through something called "supercritical hydrolysis," which uses water at high temperatures and pressures to quickly solubilize cellulose from sources such as wood.
Breaking News: CBS News
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Sucrose is broken down during digestion into fructose and glucose through hydrolysis by the enzyme sucrase, by which the body regulates the rate of sucrose breakdown.
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Intracellular acidosis, by virtue of anaerobic metabolism of glucose, hydrolysis of high-energy phosphates, and lipolysis, is accompanied by elevations of the partial pressure of venous and tissue carbon dioxide.
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Autoclaving induced hydrolysis of the anhydride moieties to provide a surface exclusively bearing carboxylic acid groups, which are fully dissociated at the pH of the cell culture medium.
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It may be prepared by the hydrolysis of ethyl acetoacetate, or by passing carbon monoxide over a mixture of sodium acetate and sodium ethylate at 205° C. (A. Geuther,
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 4 "Bulgaria" to "Calgary"
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Without ultrasonic - assisted pretreatment the hydrolysis rate of beet, sweet sorghum straw and sugarcane were 24.
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It has developed a new process to separate racemic epoxides by hydrolysis.
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Modified aluminum hydroxid was prepared by sodium aluminate in Rotating Packed Bed ( RPB ) coupled with hydrolysis.
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The effects of vacuum distillation temperature and hydrolysis ratio on the product of alkoxide hydrolysis were studied.
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Further, acid hydrolysis would convert cysteine to cystine, and hydrolysis would destroy serine, threonine, cystine, cysteine, and arginine in the alkaline solution generally regarded to have characterized the early ocean.
Ten Questions to Ask Your Biology Teacher - The Panda's Thumb
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Because of this behavior upon hydrolysis, they are known as basic anhydrides.
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Therefore, in our analysis, the effects of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis were not included.
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The hydrolysis of peanut meal using neutral protease was investigated.
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Helicases are protein motors that use the energy of NTP hydrolysis to dissociate the hydrogen bonding between the nucleic acid duplexes and also to disrupt other non-covalent interactions between complementary base pairs.
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On ageing, textiles are usually damaged by oxidation or acid-catalysed hydrolysis.
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Horseradish is perennial root herb belonging to Cruciferae and Armoracia. The main components are glucosinolate and its hydrolysis products, which have the function of anticancer, antibacterium, etc.
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This may provide the advantage of enhanced delivery and absorption in the small intestines by protecting long-chain fatty acids from hydrolysis in gastric acidity.
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And what about the residuals of emerging processes like gasification, enzymatic hydrolysis, depolymerization, biodiesel production, etc?
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The by-products of exogenous citicoline formed by hydrolysis in the intestinal wall are choline and cytidine.
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The antitumor activity, hydrolysis, binding characters to DNA and proteins of ruthenium complexes are briefly reviewed.
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Alkaline hydrolysis or tissue digestion works by breaking apart the chemical bonds that hold proteins together, reducing them to their basic components.
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Pleasingly, the residual thiophenol could be readily removed without silyl ether hydrolysis via passage of the product through a pad of basic alumina.
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The influence of branching on the enzymatic stability of the compounds was investigated, as it is known that sterically hindered ester prodrugs are more stable toward enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Urease liberated in these events seems to coat bacterial cell surfaces where its hydrolysis of urea to produce ammonia may provide a first line defense against gastric acidity.
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Once released, ACh must be removed rapidly in order to allow repolarization to take place; this step, hydrolysis, is carried out by the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase.
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By actual isolation of a crystalline dextrorotary sugar, by preparations of osazone and conversion into saccharic acid, it was proved that dextrose was the main product of hydrolysis.
Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900
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Starch and starch hydrolysis products constitute most of the digestible carbohydrate in the human diet.
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The pet food processing wastewater is treated by hydrolysis contact oxidation air flotation process.
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In order to improve the solubility of isolated and concentrated soybean protein, the hydrolysis of those proteins was controled restrictively using basic protease and neutral protease.
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The third term accounts for the conversion of lactose to allolactose as well as the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose via [beta] galactosidase.
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This compound is then decomposed by ammonia, dinitrophenylhydrazoate being formed, which on hydrolysis with alcoholic potash gives potassium hydrazoate (azide) and dinitrophenol.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"
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Further, acid hydrolysis would convert cysteine to cystine, and hydrolysis would destroy serine, threonine, cystine, cysteine, and arginine in the alkaline solution generally regarded to have characterized the early ocean.
Ten Questions to Ask Your Biology Teacher - The Panda's Thumb
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If the phosphorylated enzyme contains methyl or ethyl groups, the enzyme is regenerated in several hours by hydrolysis.
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This hydrolysis of urea is facilitated by the universal and abundant enzyme, urease.
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What is clear from the results is that hole formation occurs along the direction of the ripples, indicating the presence of anisotropic regions within the ripple structure that show a higher susceptibility to hydrolysis.
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It remains to be shown that W512 is uniquely sensitive to nucleotide binding and hydrolysis in smooth muscle myosin.
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The natural antibiotic, cephalosporin C, loses on hydrolysis an acetyl group to give the more stable Cc molecule with the carboxyl group combined in a five-membered lactone ring.
Nobel Lecture The X-Ray Analysis Of Complicated Molecules
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The freshly precipitated tantalic acid was soluble in a hot oxalic acid aqueous solution, and it was quite stable against hydrolysis.
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This paper researches technological conditions under which the D - glucosamine hydrochloride prepared from chitin by acidic hydrolysis.
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The process combines hydrolysis and thermolysis, two hydrogen-generating processes that are not practical by themselves for vehicle applications.
The Engineer - News
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During phase I, functional groups are added to the drug, or existing functional groups are transformed through oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, hydrolysis and so on.
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Regard the Lemna minor L and Rana limnocharis as the target, researched the toxicity of the Clomazone, and studied the hydrolysis dynamics of Clomazone and its factor.
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Hydrolysis also goes on in the strongly acid digestive juices of the stomach.
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_, Feb. 15, 1906, vol. xxv.) worked out a volumetric method for the estimation of acetone, depending on the formation of bromoform, and its subsequent hydrolysis with alcoholic potash.
Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise
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The major function of invertase is to catalyse sucrose hydrolysis.
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He also obtained a gummy substance which, on hydrolysis, gave rise to a reducing sugar; and as it gave mucic acid and furfurol on oxidation, he concluded that it was a compound of pentose and galactose.
All About Coffee
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We also found that the trace carbohydrate products including galactose, arabinose, and mannose were produced during the enzymatic hydrolysis of paper cellulose.
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The preparation method of oxalic acid from plant fibre sunflower shell by hydrolysis - oxidation - hydrolysis was investigated.
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In hydrolysis these two ions are forced into the bond between the large molecules.
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The weathering and decay of aluminosilicate minerals occurs by hydrolysis, and it is well documented that the rate of many hydrolysis reactions is sensitive to pH.
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Again, they used partial acid hydrolysis of the whole chain and then protease digestion to give larger blocks.
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In 1901 he discovered, in collaboration with Fourneau, the synthesis of the dipeptide, glycyl-glycine and in that year he also published his work on the hydrolysis of casein.
Emil Fischer - Biography
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On ageing, textiles are usually damaged by oxidation or acid-catalysed hydrolysis.
