How To Use Horrifying In A Sentence

A steady stream of self-released mix tapes and videos - all adhering to the group's cartoonishly horrifying aesthetic, all a bit more deranged than the rest - increased the buzz and kept the conversation going. In concert: OFWGKTA at U Street Music Hall
She has written a beautiful book about something horrifying and ugly. Times, Sunday Times
The alternative of the commons is too horrifying to contemplate.
Indeed, though most Americans will embrace some type of solemn memorial today, there is resistance to dwelling on the horrifying tragedies of a year ago.
Flying monkey, griffon, and unicorn -- the least horrifying taxidermy creatures on display (and for sale) at Sarina Brewer's site. Taxidermy fantasy creatures

Linguix Browser extension

Fix your writing
on millions of websites

Get Started
For Free Watch how it works

But it is as visually stunning as it is horrifying. The Sun
The succession of blows—the Agency’s decision not to provide us with any security, followed by the horrifying SSCI report and its Additional Views section, then my colleague’s inability or unwillingness to retestify before the SSCI, and the continuing media onslaught—were overwhelming. Fair Game
Emmy Rossum showed up to the black carpet early with some friends to be one of the first to take a 20-minute hayride through dozens of horrifying scenes. The Daily Truffle: Celebrities Turn Out for Opening Night of Haunted Hayride in Griffith Park
I've read horrifying stories of what happens when a child is aborted, babies being torn to pieces inside the womb, then sucked out, etc etc.
None of these characters is evil, none commits the transgression that precipitates the suicide, but all are driven, understandably yet horrifyingly, to behave in devious ways that wound others badly. Cover to Cover
The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.
The prediction of 4 million unemployed now looks horrifyingly realistic.
Residents -- whether for the purposes unblushingly avowed by that sometime favourite of the stage, Mr. Eccles, or for the reasons less horrifying to the United Kingdom Alliance -- found themselves more at home in "Caesarea" than in "Sarnia," and the "five-pounder," as the summer tripper was despiteously called by natives, liked to go as far as he could for his money, and found St. Helier's "livelier" than A History of the French Novel, Vol. 2 To the Close of the 19th Century
Only the most horrifying convergence of sheer monster power ever to emigrate from the old world. Dark Horse Title Shipping in December | Major Spoilers - Comic Book Reviews and News
It is a day that will long be remembered in horrifying imagery as America was attacked in an unprecedented terrorist incident. Global Voices in English » Arab World: Healing the Rifts of 9/11
How can children be allowed to watch/observe these horrifying images, yet watching adults sipping wine in a store or wherever is illegal? Maine law: children not to observe wine tastings | Dr Vino's wine blog
It keeps pounding away, with one harrowing and horrifying image after another. Times, Sunday Times
What he discovers is a horrifying secret - one that may bring him closer to his own last chapter than anyone could have imagined. Oscar Wilde and the Dead Man's Smile by Gyles Brandreth: Book summary
Toss in some truly spine-tingling, horrifying imagery (the monsters are really scary folks, be it in color or the black and white version available on DVD/Blu Ray), plus one of the most obscenely-grim endings in cinema history, and you have the makings of a genuine horror classic. Scott Mendelson: Just in Time for Halloween: 10 of the Scariest Horror Films of the Last 20 Years.
And then the universe dumped a cold bucket of reality on me with the horrifying thought of my kids living alone with my still-alcoholic-ex-husband.
Speaking over at the White House, the president once again strongly condemned what he calls horrifying scenes playing out in Tehran. CNN Transcript Jun 26, 2009
With this horrifying statement, the song's lyrical content comes to an end.
an alarming, even horrifying, picture
The humorlessness, self-importance, and complete lack of depth were horrifying but entertaining.
The idea of lesser mortals employing some of his methods is horrifying. Times, Sunday Times
That's certainly not new, as the minister had so sensitively pointed out in the wake of these horrifying events.
The results of that are too horrifying to contemplate.
This horrifying phenomenon has yet to reach the UK, but there is little doubt that prime-time television coverage of plastic surgery is lulling the public into a false sense of security.
It is very brief but even so makes quite horrifying and therefore quite gripping reading.
It had been, they agreed, an unpleasant experience, so much more horrifying in reality than in a movie. UNTO THE GRAVE
The squeals of the larva should have been horrifying to Cameron, yet she found them almost pleasing, riffs of a symphony she had composed. MINUTES TO BURN
I attended a spectacle which was comic, realistic, horrifying, macabre.
He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was.
The potential momentum of diminishing privilege is so horrifying, they must handle it by reinventing the language of their enemy as their own.
Thanatos, the horrifying creature of death and decay, turned a devilish head towards the hero.
In using the term ‘horrifying’, I am not including am-dram productions of The King and I, which never had any serious pretense to quality.
The screaming, the heroism and reasonable panic, the fumbling in semi-darkness for mobile phones - it was our safe distance from it all that was so horrifying.
It is horrifying that so many conscienceless psychopaths seized their moment to behave like animals once the rules of modern civilisation broke down.
That is the tragically horrifying history of religion through the ages.
By setting the film at this time and place, he illustrated that Sade's fantasies had in fact become a horrifying reality.
And, really, if terrorists on the outside could help perform some jailbreak from a Supermax Prison or from Ft. Leavenworth, they could also commit a horrifying and staggering act of terrorism, and my bet is, given that capacity, they’d skip busting anybody out. Matthew Yglesias » Gitmo and NIMBY
Maggie is quite horrifyingly selfish and happy to sponge off Ella while she susses out the situation.
He was probably sitting upright in bed, his untidy brown hair, that I teased never had seen a hair brush before, in a horrifying mess, from all the tosses and turns he made in his sleep.
he laughed horrifyingly
It IS 45,000 per year. mjm didn't make the number up, she just engaged in horrifying illogic to abuse it. joec Landrieu to support health care reform bill
The scope of the Met's financial plight became increasingly horrifying. A TALE OF FOUR HOUSES: Opera at Covent Garden, La Scala, Vienna and the Met since 1945
But the statistics alone, as horrifying as they are, hardly convey the trauma, pain and wretchedness of the victims.
The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.
Psychics say storing things causes corresponding accumulations in our bodies - a horrifying thought for hoarders.
And so we entered the thrilling, horrifying, chastening period of the past two weeks. Times, Sunday Times
There are several others with oddities of translation, but many more with careless, and even horrifying, mistakes by printers.
For many, this was the horrifying, almost fateful consequence of the life he had led.
The unobtrusive dialect and horrifying irony here make this one of Nelson's best lyrics.
The best part about the WSMC is most certainly the wide variety of horrifyingly torturous events that Samsonson and his bull-necked Scandinavian ‘son’ clones must endure.
The images of abuse and brutality he records are horrifyingly familiar.
Back in the famous Quiz Show Scandals, the horrifying revelation was that certain contestants had been given the questions and the answers in advance.
Even more horrifying was the realization that I could not dismiss The Passion as a second-rate film.
A horrifying minibus crash leaves a host of lives hanging by a thread. The Sun
The idea of lesser mortals employing some of his methods is horrifying. Times, Sunday Times
What would they have made of Edward D. Wood's horrifyingly inept cine-poems - or of Oscar Micheaux's melodramas, with black actors in whiteface?
Maggie is quite horrifyingly selfish and happy to sponge off Ella while she susses out the situation.
Mutual life insurance company pembroke up from his commiseration horrifyingly, the spatially of a anastigmatic cicadidae preservative circumscribed his penuchle a effortful windaus. Rational Review
Psychics say storing things causes corresponding accumulations in our bodies - a horrifying thought for hoarders.
The sky was the yellow color of old cheese and the clouds moved flyingly across it, as if they had seen something horrifying in the desert wastes where they had so lately been. The Gunslinger
What the term suggests to me is essentially the modern cinematic equivalent of the kind of appallingly grisly public spectacle recounted at great length by Foucault in the opening pages of Discipline and Punish (the whole horrifying passage can be read here), framed and presented for the audience's enjoyment (or whatever) as spectacle. Archive 2009-06-14
The screaming, the heroism and reasonable panic, the fumbling in semi-darkness for mobile phones - it was our safe distance from it all that was so horrifying.
There were farther off sections dedicated to suit the reader's tastes more efficiently, a whole block of gothic and horrifying tales were emitting soft moans and howls.
The interviews with taxidermists were horrifying, astonishing, strangely touching and stark, staring bonkers.
But it is as visually stunning as it is horrifying. The Sun
By mid afternoon the whole world was converging on America as the horrifying and abominable events unfolded.
A young mother is being treated in hospital after becoming a human fireball in a horrifying scene outside her home.
Although most of them rehash the subject in a different format or sensationalize the horrifying potential of these weapons, this work is fundamentally different.
This accident was terrifying and horrifying. The Sun
The republican fear within the moviegoer is compounded by the images he or she sees on the screen, making these flesh-eaters that much more horrifying, terror-inducing and relevant. Current Movie Reviews, Independent Movies - Film Threat
Liz, the greenhorn TV journalist in Correspondent, struggles to maintain her identity and ideals in the face of imminent danger, horrifying atrocities and an indifferent newsroom.
The pixelated MSN butterfly is pretty horrifying, but I like the idea. AddToRun Adds Aliases To The Windows Run Box | Lifehacker Australia
The sideshow is another thing: there are all kinds of horrifying, shocking tales! Carolyn Turgeon - An interview with author
We can only imagine this was indeed a most traumatic and horrifying discovery for the boy.
This story is quite sad and horrifying on several levels: though we don't know why she did it, the fact that the woman willingly placed herself in a potentially deadly situation, with such horrific consequences, may stem from the fact that animals such as polar bears are played up for their "adorableness" and the reality, that these are creatures who do not care to be your giant teddy bear and should be considered quite dangerous when threatened or provoked, gets lost in the cuddly marketing of such things. Jezebel
It keeps pounding away, with one harrowing and horrifying image after another. Times, Sunday Times
Aided by filmic, reverberative music, Bosher keeps the tension wound to the horrifying climax when the cannibalistic horrors come tumbling out.
The horrifying scene was compounded of darkness, silhouettes of mountains, and beyond the mountains, a red glow which rose to the sky, from remote fires.
Something so dreadful, so awful, so horrifying, that Miiken could not stand the sight of it.
* Incidentally, some people were asking me how I knew about “Goatse double-penetration felch hentai,” either as individual concepts or in the particular horrifying combination. 2007 June « Whatever
The scale of the problem is horrifying.
The latent thought is the notion that Gloucester may be plotting to murder him - an idea too horrifying to contemplate.
Tracking down a horrifying killer, a rookie cop discovers what it is like for the hunter to become the hunted.
And so we entered the thrilling, horrifying, chastening period of the past two weeks. Times, Sunday Times
Besides these monstrous and horrifying thoughts, the uncontrolled practice of cloning also threatens the dignity of humankind.
Bottomfeeder: How to Eat Ethically in a World of Vanishing Seafood by Taras Grescoe opens with a horrifyingly poetic description of a monkfish as the “Quasimodo of the Atlantic” whose “uncooked flesh, especially the liver can be virtually ambulant with marine worms”. BOTTOMFEEDER: How to Eat Ethically in a World of Vanishing Seafood | Impact Lab
Those involved in such crashes often receive horrifying injuries or else end up dying a violent death.
Taking a deep, shuddering breath, she whispered, ‘It was horrifying.’
... the horrifying degree to which Saddam Hussein impoverishes his people and controls every aspect of their lives ... Daimnation!: Just when you're ready to
What I find illuminating - and, frankly, horrifying - is that there are people for whom he is not hawkish enough.
This is, perhaps, the most horrifying of all the revelations in the poem and in the piece, for now we know that it was by his own Mother's counsel that Edward committed the heinous crime of patricide.
The recent analysis, however, suggests that the events depicted were horrifyingly real and not figments of artists' imagination.
Flickr user Sweet Juniper has a heartbreaking, gorgeous and horrifying set of photos of a rotting Detroit school book depository, where mountains of yellowing, damp, torn schoolbooks moulder, right in the middle of town: Boing Boing
There was a lot of smoke, but for a time, despite the horrifying tragedy, it somehow seemed like a containable event. The Wall Street Journal Editorial Page: Sept. 12, 2001
This was a horrifying and abominable thing to do.
It is horrifying that we have to fight our own government to save the environment. Ansel Adams
The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.
She is no longer shocked by the horrifying antics of some parents. Times, Sunday Times
Her condition deteriorated with horrifying speed, apparently. STAGE FRIGHT
The 20-year-old star had to opt for a close-cropped style when her hair started falling out in horrifying handfuls, but she is desperate to have flowing long hair once again..
In using the term ‘horrifying’, I am not including am-dram productions of The King and I, which never had any serious pretense to quality.
It's horrifying to see such poverty.
Her moss green eyes widened at that horrifying possibility.
During a Halloween party, the Simpsons tell three horrifying tales of the macabre.
infare," as the wedding dinner was called, upon the table, and we stood about it to eat amid shouts and laughter and an exchange of wit as good natured as it was horrifying to bridal ears. A Circuit Rider's Wife
Too often their misfortunes are met with glee, a schadenfreude that is quite horrifying.
It wasn't as bad as the pit-bull, he thought as he threw himself to his left, nor as horrifying as some gramarye wraith, but it looked quite capable of butchering each and every one of mem without pausing to take a breath, including the massive Snaugenhutt. The Lives of Felix Gunderson
The early tone of the picture is strangely incongruous with the horrifying turn of events at the end.
People still believed they could reverse the horrifying melange of famine and fever that had been visited upon them in 1846.
And the hoots and screeches they make while doing so are the most horrifying noises I've ever heard.
Possibly the most horrifying part of this parody is the author's pen name: Harrison Geillor. 5 books on zombies
His 61st story was particularly horrifying: six Sunnis doused in kerosene and burned to death. Weblogs
His capitulation has been condemned by some comfortable historians, unthreatened by a London mob and remote from Stapledon's horrifying end.
The threats from the beach were horrifying enough to have made Napoleon turn from the field of battle.
In that time, we've taken a look at a wide array of sexual fetishes ranging from the unnerving to the truly horrifying to the baffling.
One of the most horrifying videos to date, released online in 2007, showed neo-Nazis brutally executing two men identified as a Tajik and a Daghestani. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty
The first horrifying stories were beginning to emerge of bodies being buried before they were even identified.
That the existance of illegal acts of sadism is just as horrifying as mass sadism openly practiced and touted as a virtue by the highest officials in the government? Matthew Yglesias » The Embrace
* the great Colossus POV as it spies on Forbin, especially in the more titillating sections and all of that visual flamboyance is coupled with the magnificently chilling audio centerpiece: the Voice of Colossus and its horrifying implacable tone. Show #29: Pre-show Discussion : The Kick-Ass Mystic Ninjas
Since I'm trying to deny the horrifying truth that I began to find the series quite compulsive viewing as it neared its conclusion, I shall now heap scorn upon this piece of advertising.
It was difficult, horrifying work, the Nazi atrocities made superreal with the tools of DeSade and Bataille, very much an extension of the “New Worlds school” and its intent to use fantasy as a way to present the real world in a new light for our consideration. Ballardian » “Driven by Anger”: An Interview with Michael Butterworth (the Savoy interviews, part 1)
The squeals of the larva should have been horrifying to Cameron, yet she found them almost pleasing, riffs of a symphony she had composed. MINUTES TO BURN
The police arrived to find a scene of horrifying destruction.
He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was.
He uses Jonathan Chait's essay* on bringing back Saddam as the basis for this, but he describes it as "Swiftian", meaning he believes it was satire, presumably in the mode of "A Modest Proposal" which presented a horrifying option to an intractable problem in order to illuminate the lack of moral concern on the part of the ruling class. Hullabaloo
One writer suggests over-complicating everything, and provides the following horrifying example of such a technique: "And he did then, with much gusto, verily grip his fingers around the weisswurst, a german sausage made from the meat of veal, otherwise known as baby cows or calves. Isabel Kaplan: One Novel, 30 Days
Some of the implant techniques introduced foreign material into the body, with occasionally horrifying results.
Disturbing, highly intelligent, referential to a legion of horror movies, the film is a horrifyingly bleak portrait of a Britain overrun by rabid zombies.
The latent thought is the notion that Gloucester may be plotting to murder him - an idea too horrifying to contemplate.
He also has a piece of adhesive gum with drawing pins sunk in it which, when combined with a thick rubber band, makes a horrifying catapult.
The At individual True Deed materials: As you are in all distinct possibility already knowing (having overturn round this website), although acai berries fix up scientifically proven vigour benefits, and are of course fab on losing preponderancy, there are a horrifying amount of acai berry scams thoroughly there. The Silver Rabbit
In a small Bengalese village the chickens were disappearing and so the farmer, Ajit Ghosh, stayed up at night to see what was the cause and the tale he recalled is truly horrifying! Archive 2007-03-01
And, in what may be the most horrifying tale ever told by the prolific science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov (1989) reported on the true state of scientific understanding and knowledge by Americans.
It is telling that the emblematic elephants in each story are connected with horrifying deaths. Times, Sunday Times
The suggestion of murkiness was only compounded by Jack Warner's comment that, on hearing the claims against him, he laughed "like hell", as though this would somehow make him seem just really innocent and reassuring, rather than like the kind of horrifying, banshee figure who might appear in your nightmares waving a breadknife and wearing only a butcher's apron and a beard of bees. It's time to admit football is pure evil | Barney Ronay
Barnett said the exhibit makes no attempt to sanitize the impact of the postcards, or what she called the "horrifying" racist messages that accompanied them. Exhibit Wades Into The Water Of River Baptisms
A dogface who waded ashore at Normandy and fought at the Battle of Bastogne gives us with realistic detail a horrifying sense of the firefight.
It's one of those horrifying things in the world that can remain frustratingly impossible in many cases to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Times, Sunday Times
One of the most horrifying things I have ever witnessed was an experiment in which a cat was ‘decerebrated ‘, that is, it had all of its brain scraped out.’
But then he sees something horrifying. The Sun
Basher introduces us to beautiful damsels, obnoxious sisters, indescribably evil villains and horrifying monsters.
A postmaster has described his horrifying ordeal as he was threatened at gunpoint by three masked robbers, who escaped with a substantial amount of cash.
I thought the ad was cleverly written and produced (the anteater was a cute touch) ... and utterly horrifying. Infinite Monkeys - "...a sparkly blog..." - James Lileks
Suicide is not all that easy a thing to do... to give up your life. What kind of pain compels people to do this? I don’t know what word to use in English... it’s horrifying that a human can be in this condition. What have they provided them with? Gulzar
It is telling that the emblematic elephants in each story are connected with horrifying deaths. Times, Sunday Times
It is telling that the emblematic elephants in each story are connected with horrifying deaths. Times, Sunday Times
I know it's always been there, but the aggressive and occasionally horrifying disdain I've seen meted out to my nieces and nephews is in another league compared to the mild joshing I received for being a "swot", and which was always countered by the protection and drive to succeed that the vast majority of my teachers displayed. Word Magazine - Comments
The prediction of 4 million unemployed now looks horrifyingly realistic.
The Single Candidly Deed facts: As you are indubitably already in the know having overturn almost this website, although acai berries keep scientifically proven form benefits, and are of practice astonishing for losing preponderancy, there are a horrifying amount of acai berry scams exhaustively there. TWQ: Five Ways To Escape A Zombie Invasion
In July he made a personal appeal to the community to help cage a pervert who subjected a mother of two to a horrifying sex attack, after a poor public response to an e-fit picture.
The horrifying screams of petrels and shearwaters coming to their burrows after sunset have given rise to all kinds of superstitions.
Gourevitch is a rare breed of citizen, one of the remarkable few, tasked with the responsibility of bringing to international attention the horrifying, underreported truths of an utterly heinous Rwandan genocide -- someone who, to this day, continues to travel to the country and keeps up his fascination and engagement with the place. Pia Sawhney: Blaming the Messenger: A Response to 'One Man's Rwanda' by Tristan McConnell
It's horrifying to see how much poverty there is here.
The final denouement is properly horrifying. Times, Sunday Times
The scope of the Met's financial plight became increasingly horrifying. A TALE OF FOUR HOUSES: Opera at Covent Garden, La Scala, Vienna and the Met since 1945
The 'bots built cybernetic implants in the body, which then came bursting all metal-plantlike and horrifying out of the host's skin, reinforcing, rewiring, or just plain replacing the original organs. SeeLight:
Now, murder is almost unfathomable in its awfulness, and the effect that it has on anybody close to either the murderer or the victim is extremely complex and horrifying.
Everyone is glued to the television as horrifying news comes out of Kutch.
Then inspiration struck in the form of a rash of horrifyingly gruesome car accidents. Benedictus noticed that the more horrific injuries from these crashes were due to flying shards of windshield.
In other such jokes, like an instance of the Aristocrats joke, the jokesmith piles on horrifying detail after horrifying detail, and the audience gets put in a squirming, uneasy state of revulsion, which is stimulating perhaps this is similar to the way in which a suspense or horror film can be stimulating, and can heighten the comedy. Empirical falsifiability
It's about a just society imposing a fitting punishment for those who have committed a uniquely horrifying crime. The Sun
The huge gathering of people at the gateway on India on the 3rd Dec'08 that marked one week of the horrifying attack resounded these andseveral other sentiments of a million Indians. India post 26/11
The images, mostly breathtaking-horrifying aerial shots of an alternately lunar and conflagrant post-Gulf War Kuwaiti landscape, are at least strictly documentary; the formal framework, however-including various pieces of classical music; XIII portentously titled chapters; and a Herzog voiceover filled with vague destruction-myth proclamations ( "And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell") - suggests post-apocalyptic fiction. Culture Guide
A human observer may find the scene horrifying.
But just as W.B. Yeats had trouble separating the dancer from the dance, so too is it impossible to separate the more graceful moments from the ugly, at times horrifying, context in which they must perforce arise.
Disabled adults were subjected to a horrifying catalogue of abuse and neglect at a Yorkshire care home, a court heard yesterday.
The Book of Psalms includes some horrifying sentiments. John Backman: Praying The Most Difficult Psalms
There doesn't seem to be any ability to understand how or why terrorists might be led to do the admittedly horrifying and awful and frightful things that they've done.
The idea that Majerus overturned Kettlewell's experiments and his explanation for melanism is a horrifying distortion of Majerus's actual views and writings, propagated by a combination of overhyped news reports and creationist propaganda. Death of a popular anti-ID argument
Aside from the impressive, horrifying and ultimately failed sword-swallower, Steven Retchless defined what America's Got Talent is all about on Wednesday's episode: being a one-person freak show. VIDEO: Silver Man Pole-Dances, Gender-Bends on America's Got Talent
I had the horrifying realization as I did some organizing that I will never have to buy another pen for the rest of my damfool life.
Neighbours of a family whose home was ripped apart by a gas explosion have told of the horrifying blast which reduced it to rubble.
One of the reasons we found this story so fascinating and horrifying is that it's such a rare occurrence.
Her hair was turned into a mass of poisonous snakes and her general appearance became so horrifying that anyone who looked upon her was petrified with terror.
The collective impact of such mythologies has been horrifying; the same booster that launched Sputnik is still the one most used.
The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate.
It's hard to imagine today the impact this tawdry but fascinating Italian "shockumentary" had on the world in 1962, when the bizarre customs of people in other lands seemed both exotic and horrifying to Western eyes. Joe Dante's DANTE'S INFERNO
The news on page five that mobs were actually throwing missiles at Portuguese soccer fans is horrifying.
We can only imagine this was indeed a most traumatic and horrifying discovery for the boy.
In his latest, he remembers Audrey Hepburn 14 years after her death: "In the 40 years between Hollywood's make-believe headlines and the horrifying reality of Somalia, Hepburn as actress and woman seemed an emissary from a finer world than ours. GreenCine Daily: Weekend shorts, fests, etc.
But more horrifying still would be a military unable or unequipped to deal with the Forces of Terror.
One horrifying event she still clearly remembers occurred on Ferry Lane.
Sometimes the truth is more horrifying than the daymares reported in our newspapers.
He was found on the streets of Chicago as an infant, with his right hand horrifyingly cut off, and, after a bleak childhood in an orphanage, arrives at the Limberlost, where a fatherly lumberman named McLean, a partner in a Grand Rapids lumber company, hires him to patrol the trail and guard the valuable trees that are soon to become Grand Rapids furniture: Catacomb Efreet
And Palestinians and Lebanese will be killed in horrifying numbers in order to make it all stop. Life in Israel
And his disregard for the consequences of such a terrible sin was horrifying, horrifying.

How To Use Horrifying In A Sentence

Report a problem

Please indicate a type of error

Additional information (optional):