How To Use Homologous In A Sentence
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To take the chain of speculation one step further, this suggests that the maxilla itself was originally a flat dermal plate of some kind, possibly homologous to the superognathal of placoderms.
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Their tympanum is not homologous with the tympanum of mammals and saurians (extant diapsids) because it developed independently in all three groups.
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Our natural instinct is to analyze that as a homologous variation — Joplin must have got it from somewhere, perhaps the cavatina-cabaletta sequence of Italian opera, or perhaps Rossini overtures, or perhaps similarly obsessive passages in Chopin or Schumann.
Categorical denials
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It is not easy to imagine two objects more widely different in appearance than a bristle or vibraculum, and an avicularium like the head of a bird; yet they are almost certainly homologous and have been developed from the same common source, namely a zooid with its cell.
VII. Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection
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Adaptationist arguments are essential because they suggest the function of homologous and analogous physiological structures.
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Waters thus defended “informal reduction,” in which molecular models of crossing-over between homologous chromosomes were shown to be explanatory, even though no derivational reduction was involved.
Molecular Biology
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First, it generates crossovers between homologous chromosomes that mature into visible chiasmata.
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It is not homologous with the bilaterality of body plans characteristic of anthozoan groups.
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Homologous chromosomes are fully aligned at the pachytene stage, and germ cells survive to complete meiosis and gametogenesis with high efficiency.
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Professor Heer has not ventured to identify any of this vast assemblage of Miocene plants and insects with living species, so far at least as to assign to them the same specific names, but he presents us with a list of what he terms homologous forms, which are so like the living ones that he supposes the one to have been derived genealogically from the others.
The Antiquity of Man
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An obvious question is whether the mat bias is absent in azygotic meiosis after homologous chromosomes have coexisted in diploid cells for many mitotic divisions.
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Crossing over The exchange of material between homologous chromatids by the formation of chiasmata.
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Alleles of the same gene occupy the equivalent locus on homologous chromosomes.
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The study focuses on a homologous series of meso-substituted A4-porphyrins bearing aryl groups with long alkoxy chains.
Innovations-report
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Crossing over ensures segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I.
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Neither method is entirely satisfactory since apparently homologous muscles may change their sites of attachment during evolution and alter their functions.
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However, no investigation has been made into whether homologous chromosome pairs or bivalents with altered patterns of recombination events may also be at increased risk for nondisjunction in mammals other than humans.
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We would not call a dragonfly eye and a human eye homologous—they seem so different, in so many ways, and the evidence suggests that our last common ancestor was eyeless, with little more than photosensitive spots.
PZ Myers - The Deepest Links (on Evolution)
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Different from bivalent polyploids, multivalent polyploids pair their chromosomes among more than two homologous copies at meiosis.
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Like benzene, the homologous aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene, xylenes, etc. fix directly six hydrogen atoms to produce the corresponding cyclic compounds; phenol is transformed into cyclohexanol, aniline into cyclohexylamine.
Paul Sabatier - Nobel Lecture
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These siRNAs are incorporated into a ribonucleoprotein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex, which targets homologous transcripts, catalyzing their degradation.
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Recombination events are often visible as structures known as chiasmata that physically connect two homologous chromosomes during prophase I.
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As we have mentioned, it is likely that the opercular is serially homologous with the branchiostegal rays and that both began as a series of dermal opercular scales as is observed in some acanthodians.
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As the branchiae found in Dendronereis and Dendronereides might not be homologous, he considered it wrong to unite the two genera in a subfamily.
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It would not be safe to assume that the synapsid temporal fenestra is strictly homologous to the lower temporal fenestra of diapsids.
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For every sequence to be integrated, we collected a number of homologous sequences that were sufficiently similar to enable a reliable alignment.
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By contrast, the specimens are primitive relative to homologous teeth of typical palaeoryctids in having a more lingual molar paraconid that is less appressed to the metaconid, and a shorter molar trigonid relative to the talonid.
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This system provides a means of conducting a paired comparison of positive selection and evolutionary rates for homologous genes in both species groups.
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So that this muscle seems to aid in the erection of the hairs on the head of man. in the same manner as the homologous panniculus carnosus aids, or takes the greater part, in the erection of the spines on the backs of some of the lower animals.
The expression of the emotions in man and animals
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It could be also shown that CitT catalyses either an homologous exchange of citrate or a heterologous exchange with succinate, fumarate, or tartrate.
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With the help of Evans, they both set up ES cell culture for use in homologous recombination experiments.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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In metaphase, chromatid fragments are attached to the homologous area of the sister chromatid while acentric chromosome fragments are apart from their chromosome of origin.
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To minimize redundancy, short sequences of fewer than 20 amino acid residues were excluded, and only one such sequence from each set of homologous alternatively spliced genes was retained.
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Some chromosomes may be unable to re-establish homologous synapsis after the insertion.
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Genetics: a characteristic resulting from the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
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Any bias in the segregation of one or the other of a pair of homologous chromosomes or chromatids between the oocyte and the polar body can have a dramatic effect on the genetic makeup of a population.
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That is, in order to be homologous, structures must satisfy the tests of similarity, congruence and conjunction.
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In certain primal traditions, the maze or labyrinth played a homologous role to that of the sacred wilderness area - in fact, the two may have been indistinguishable.
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a homologous tissue graft
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Now I think no one will dispute that the ovigerous frena in the one family are strictly homologous with the branchiae of the other family; indeed, they graduate into each other.
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life
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The proximal end of the carpometacarpus is a large, trochleated, convex lump that is very obviously homologous with the semi-lunate carpal bone of non-avian maniraptoran theropods.
ScienceBlogs Channel : Life Science
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A gene can only be called a Hox gene sensu stricto if it has a homeobox sequence, is homologous to other known Hox genes, and is organized in a colinear cluster.
Jellyfish lack true Hox genes! - The Panda's Thumb
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The formula of conine, C_ {8} H_ {17} N, shows it to be homologous with piperidine, C_ {5} H_ {11} N, a derivative of piperine, the alkaloid of pepper, to be spoken of later; and, just as piperidine is derived from pyridine by the action of reducing agents, so conine is probably derived from a propyl-pyridine.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883
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Meiosis is the component of gametogenesis responsible for the segregation of homologous chromosomes into haploid gametes.
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A vestigial structure is any organ, bone, etcetera, that is shown to have no function whatsoever, is not necessary for the creature's survival, or is useless to serve the purpose that a homologous structure in another creature would serve.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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A one-step gene disruption by homologous recombination was performed.
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Our natural instinct is to analyze that as a homologous variation — Joplin must have got it from somewhere, perhaps the cavatina-cabaletta sequence of Italian opera, or perhaps Rossini overtures, or perhaps similarly obsessive passages in Chopin or Schumann.
Categorical denials
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The second component is composed of spindle cell proliferation with accentuation in a periglandular cuff pattern and may contain homologous or heterologous elements.
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They are called homologous because they have similar parts in similar relations.
The Story of the Living Machine A Review of the Conclusions of Modern Biology in Regard to the Mechanism Which Controls the Phenomena of Living Activity
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They are serially homologous with, for example, the uncinate processes of the ribs in birds (see Figs. 5 and 6).
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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Can homologous proteins sharing the same fold differ significantly in the area of densely packed domains?
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Based on the position of the Wnt centre, the oral end of cnidarian planulae and polyps seems homologous to the rear end of the Bilateria
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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Several pieces of direct and indirect evidence suggest that dimorphic sex chromosomes have evolved from an originally homologous pair of chromosomes.
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All new formations built of cells which continue true to the parent type we may call homologous new formations; while those which depart from the parent type or undergo degenerative changes we may designate heterologous.
The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science
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The use of immunoassays that detect antibodies that bind to epitopes on the bacterial surface of the homologous infecting strain is important to detect potentially protective immune responses.
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To differentiate this homology-independent centromeric association from the regular pairing between homologous chromosomes this phenomenon has been referred to as centromere coupling
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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Chemically they are classed as alcohols, which are representative of a homologous series.
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The term diploid describes a state in which a cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes, or two chromosomes that are the same.
CreationWiki - Recent changes [en]
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The avicularia are believed by Mr. Busk, Dr. Smitt, and Dr. Nitschenaturalists who have carefully studied this groupto be homologous with the zooids and their cells which compose the zoöphyte; the moveable lip or lid of the cell corresponding with the lower and moveable mandible of the avicularium.
VII. Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection
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Oct-11a is located in a region of mouse chromosome 9 homologous with the long arm of human chromosome 11.
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Because synteny had been previously established, it was possible to evaluate whether homologous genomic regions were involved in regulation of expression of the same genes.
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To our knowledge, this is the first example of two highly homologous enzymes belonging to the same gene family, and catalyzing the formation of two distinct epimers from a same substrate.
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Such homologous series can provide the basis for a rational classification of sulfosalts.
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Mr. Lankester also adduces the close resemblance of the parts on the right and left sides of the body, and in the successive segments of the same individual animal; and here we have parts commonly called homologous, which bear no relation to the descent of distinct species from a common progenitor.
XIV. Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology-Embryology-Rudimentary Organs. Morphology
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The main assumption was that the neural or blastoporal surface must be homologous throughout the Metazoa, though it was dorsal in the Chordata, ventral in the Annelida and Arthropoda.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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In fact, it looks as if the homologous sequences of key proteins of the flagellar motor is a continuum of different eubacteria show sequence similarity.
Flagellum evolution -- how's your German? - The Panda's Thumb
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P £, D F I homologous to the fides B C» A B, A C9 each to each» becaufe the one & the other of thofe V are equal each to each to the V P* f.
Instructions given in the drawing school established by the Dublin society
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Further work is needed to establish whether the homologous CCK and gastrin act as separate peptides in dogfish sharks.
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This may have been due to pairing and exchange of homologous segments on homeologous chromosomes.
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Nucleotide sequences homologous to oncornaviruses DNA products have been observed in human leukaemic cells.
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It will be interesting to see whether the mutations which delete the midline structures, the ventral portion of the neuroectoderm and head in Drosophila, such as spitz and others (75), are homologous to the fish midline genes.
Nobel Lecture The Identification Of Genes Controlling Development In Flies And Fishes
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Brains may carry out tasks in the same way even if the tissues involved are not strictly homologous.
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Pairing is an essential step in organizing and properly distributing homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
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In other countries there are homologous deities, such as Ea, Tammuz, Adonis, and Attis, which are certainly manifestations of the same idea and sprung from the same source.
The Evolution of the Dragon
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By mapping homologous skeletal elements of the vertebrate forelimb onto their phylogeny, an explicit alternative interpretation of the significance of Hox gene expression emerges.
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Smithies first used homologous recombination to correct a mutant HPRT gene in cultured ES cells [35].
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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We knew there's a mechanism called homologous recombination, that biology uses to repair DNA, that can put pieces together.
Craig Venter is on the verge of creating synthetic life
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This interaction is thought to be necessary for the proper pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division.
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Focusing on aliphatics, this series can be further divided into families called homologous series of compounds.
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[62] Plump AS, Smith JD, Hayek T, Aalto-Setala K, Walsh A, Verstuyft JG, et al. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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When homologous chromosomes become synapsed, the GFP-tags of the two
PLoS ONE Alerts: New Articles
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The paired fins of actinopterygian fish and the limbs of tetrapods are homologous structures.
Ancestral Expression Patterns
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In agamids, the homologous muscle also functions to move the tongue forward, assisting the major tongue protractors.
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While the eukaryotic complex consists of six homologous proteins (MCM2-7), the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus has only one MCM protein
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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If you want to selectively exclude a few bits and bobs from the cascade, what you're left with are 5 proteases, 4 of which are homologous.
Confirmation Bias and ID
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The pertinent variable in this form of meiotic drive is the presence of differing numbers of centromeres on paired homologous chromosomes.
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During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes align, synapse, and cross over.
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I imagine it's rather important in cladistics to be able to differentiate between homologous traits and analogous traits.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Phellem appears similar to the primary aerenchyma seen in aquatic roots of species of Ludwigia L.; however, similar lacunate tissue in extant Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell. is secondary and this study shows this tissue to be homologous to that seen in the fossil Decodon J.F. Gmel.
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the wing of a bat and the arm of a man are homologous
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It is not easy to imagine two objects more widely different in appearance than a bristle or vibraculum, and an avicularium like the head of a bird; yet they are almost certainly homologous and have been developed from the same common source, namely a zooid with its cell.
VII. Miscellaneous Objections to the Theory of Natural Selection
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That system can not only carry on diagraph to the degree of humidity of the environment, but also carry on a homologous control and regulate to the degree of humidity of environment.
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Scientists have developed a successful test for another type of manipulation called homologous blood doping.
BBC News - Home
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The sex chromosomes, together with the homologous no.7 chromosomes of the West Japan and Kanto forms, are diagrammatically shown.
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(I'd like to frame that question in analogous/homologous terms, but I'm afraid I'd get something backwards.)
Misery Harp
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The effort, in part, is to determine whether academic institutions are homologous with organizations in other fields.
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Thus, poriferan spicules and chancelloriid sclerites do not appear homologous.
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Aparently her evilness is a homologous recessive gene therefore, for some odd reason, she is "still out there".
Superhero99 Diary Entry
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It was proposed that these sites mediated the initial interactions between homologous chromosomes leading to synapsis and recombination.
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These differences help explain why these homologous proteins bind a variety of ligands with different affinities.
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Neither fold backs and pairing partner switches characteristic of nonhomologous synapsis nor univalent chromosomes were observed, although some short regions at distal ends of chromosomes could be unsynapsed (image not shown).
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This is why, under the action of inducers, the immunity of the lysogenic bacteria to the superinfective homologous phage is lost.
André Lwoff - Nobel Lecture
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Attempts to discriminate between phylogenetic patterns of concrescence or differentiation among serially homologous elements are therefore entirely futile.
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Pairing of homologous chromosomes is confirmed in the mutant strain.
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Neither method is entirely satisfactory since apparently homologous muscles may change their sites of attachment during evolution and alter their functions.
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Similar levels of T cell proliferation were observed on stimulation with either homologous or heterologous peptides.
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Because of these regularities, the members of each group are known as a homologous series.
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Consequently, particular sets of correlated peptides serve to define particular sets of homologous protein motifs within the data set.
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The position and composition of these cells suggests that they are homologous to the gliointerstitial cell system of molluscs, sipunculans, annelids echiurans.
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Because only homologous chromosomes pair, allopolyploids strictly exhibit bivalent formation (two chromosomes pair) at meiosis and undergo disomic inheritance for each locus.
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These siRNAs are incorporated into a ribonucleoprotein complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex, which targets homologous transcripts, catalyzing their degradation.
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Homologous sequences of PER1 were also isolated from Arabidopsis, rice, buckwheat, and wheat.
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Recent evidence suggests that the compound eyes of myodocopid ostracods may be phylogentically non-homologous to those of other arthropods.
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Adesmy, moreover, was by the Belgian savant said to be homologous when it occurred between members of the same whorl, _e. g._ between the sepals of an ordinary monosepalous calyx, or heterologous when the separation took place between members of different whorls, as when the calyx is detached from the ovary, &c.
Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants
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Most impressive was the prediction that a free-living transposon homologous to RAG would exist.
Assessing Applegate's Attack
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Although it is apparently unknown in chondrosteans, it is believed to be homologous to lamprey velar muscles.
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However, a new report by Jager et al. suggests that that interpretation may be flawed, and that sea spider chelifores are actually homologous to the chelicerae of spiders.
The Panda's Thumb: May 2006 Archives
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Could it be that the parathyroid is also derived from a branchial arch, and is therefore homologous with the gills of fish?
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Vertebrate and insect wings are not homologous but have some superficial similarities; they have similar functions yet are very different in structure.
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Structures normally found at the nonmutant leaf edge are absent from the affected region of the mutant leaf and leaf homologous organs.
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The mouse DNA sequence encoding TEF-1 was 92% homologous with the corresponding human sequence.
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These octofid projections are no doubt homologous with the papillae on the leaves of Drosera rotundifolia.
Insectivorous Plants
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The preoptic nucleus is homologous to the mammalian supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and contains one of the largest collections of CRH neurons in the amphibian brain.
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Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the CHD (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain) member CHD7, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeller homologous to the
Naturejobs - All Jobs
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The main assumption was that the neural or blastoporal surface must be homologous throughout the Metazoa, though it was dorsal in the Chordata, ventral in the Annelida and Arthropoda.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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It's a homologous structure found in both fish and tetrapods.
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The avirulence gene fragment is homologous in all races of the pathogen of Xoo.
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Homologous chromosomes are fully aligned at the pachytene stage, and germ cells survive to complete meiosis and gametogenesis with high efficiency.
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At last, the author put forward the homologous counterplan to the management of the floating population.
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During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair and segregate into two cells.
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Rcd3 (CG8231) is homologous to the human T-complex protein 1 subunit zeta, which is needed for proper tubulin folding [
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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They are intermediates in such reactions as the change of a carboxylic acid to its next highest homologue or to a derivative of a homologous acid such as an ester or an amide.
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Using a new scoring algorithm, RawGeno, we show that scoring errors - in particular "bin oversplitting" (i.e. when variant sizes of the same AFLP marker are not considered as homologous) and "technical homoplasy" (i.e. when two AFLP markers that differ slightly in size are mistakenly considered as being homologous) - induce a loss of discriminatory power, decrease the robustness of results and, in extreme cases, introduce erroneous information in genetic structure analyses.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Many groups (Lycopodiaceae is an exception) have a ligule or small flap of tissue adaxially above each microphyll, or its homologous sporophyll.
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The Portuguese Society of Plant Physiology, in collaboration with the Spanish homologous society, is organizing the 9th Luso-Spanish Plant Physiology Congress and the 16th Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Physiology.
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The swim bladder is homologous to the lungs of tetrapods.
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One approach to analyzing the contributions of the factors controlling binding is to compare binding of a series of homologous compounds.
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A cDNA library of mRNA isolated from asparagus spears 24 h post-harvest was screened for peroxidases using homologous and heterologous probes.
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A further level of complexity is added in germ cells where homologous chromosomes pair and segregate in meiosis I and sister chromatids remain associated until meiosis II.
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Comparing aligned positions in homologous protein sequences two different behaviors are found:
2008 October - Telic Thoughts
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According to Jiang Mingqian's homologous linear rule, the linear equation between the values of the migration parameter of homologues and homologous factor is derived.
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Capecchi and Smithies had demonstrated that genes could be targeted by homologous recombination in cultured cells, and Evans had contributed the necessary vehicle to the mouse germ line – the ES-cells.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Press Release
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For example, in some morphologically based studies the issue is whether the lemnisci and proboscis of acanthocephalans are homologous to the hypodermic cushions and apical rostrum of bdelloids.
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During meiosis, homologous chromosomes become physically connected by the formation of chiasmata.
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Hertwig followed up this clue, and came to the conclusion not only that placoid scales and teeth were strictly homologous, but also that all membrane bones were derived phylogenetically from ossifications present in the skin or in the mucous membrane of the mouth, just as cartilage bones were derived from the cartilaginous skeletons of the primitive Vertebrates.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair and segregate into two cells.
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The formula of conine, C_ {8} H_ {17} N, shows it to be homologous with piperidine, C_ {5} H_ {11} N, a derivative of piperine, the alkaloid of pepper, to be spoken of later; and, just as piperidine is derived from pyridine by the action of reducing agents, so conine is probably derived from a propyl-pyridine.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883
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Moreover, the level of amino acid sequence divergence between homologous proteins is relatively low, allowing us to gauge the patterns of amino acid substitution.
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Using yeast cells, the scientists studied protein molecules that have an important role in homologous recombination, which is one way that cells repair breaks in the DNA double helix.
EurekAlert! - Breaking News
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The sizes of the two centromeres from the homologous chromosomes are different.
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One is the nonreciprocal transfer of information of both DNA strands of a donor chromatid to a chromatid of the homologous chromosome.
