How To Use Glutamate In A Sentence
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The expression of the enzymes glutamine synthetase and pyruvate carboxylase along with glial glutamate transporters
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The effects of the structures of the compounds on the insect glutamate potentials were investigated by using electrophysiological intracellular microelectrode recording technique.
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Among them are baclofen, a common muscle relaxant that enhances GABA, and N-acetylcysteine, used to treat Tylenol overdoses, which inhibits glutamate.
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Second, small partially digested food proteins, called peptides, from gluten and casein can act to disturb the normal neurotransmitter function in the brain, and third, they can act as “excitotoxins,” increasing glutamate an excitatory neurotransmitter and creating a chain reaction that overexcites, injures, inflames and ultimately kills brain cells.
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The discovery of a specific taste receptor on the human tongue for glutamates in 2000 legitimized its existence as a basic flavor.
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Ammonium is then incorporated into amino acids via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase.
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Interactions between glutamatergic and mono-aminergic systems within the basal ganglia - implications for schizophrenia and
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The recent report that presynaptic mGlu receptors employ phosphoinositide-derived signals as a positive feedback mechanism to enhance glutamate release is particularly interesting.
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Glutamate is also a principal amino donor to other amino acids in subsequent transamination reactions.
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Mutations of aspartates and glutamates were done by substitution of the carboxyl group by the amide group.
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Stanley CA, Lieu YK, Hsu BY, Burlina AB, Greenberg CR, Hopwood NJ, et al. Hyperinsulinism and hyperammonemia in infants with regulatory mutations of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene.
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The deuteration effects arose from the reversible deprotonation of the Schiff base formed between glutamate and pyridoxal phosphate.
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Evidence from both species supports the conclusion that the excitation derives from glutamatergic premotor interneurones and cholinergic homonymous motorneurones.
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Its synthesis is dependent on the supply of its constituent amino acids cysteine, glutamate, and glycine.
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Mammals can basically sense tastes of sweet, sour, bitterness, salt, and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate).
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The LMWCr oligopeptide is composed of cysteine, glutamate, aspartate, and glycine.
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Sickle cell anemia is caused by the replacement of glutamate by valine at the sixth position of the [beta] globin chain.
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Words to look for on ingredients lists include sodium chloride, monosodium glutamate, baking soda, baking powder, disodium phosphate, sodium nitrite, sodium propionate, and sodium sulfite.
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The nematocidal drug ivermectin is believed to kill worms by opening a glutamate-gated chloride channel on pharyngeal muscle, causing complete pumping inhibition.
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During seizures, there was a sustained increase in extracellular glutamate to potentially neurotoxic concentrations in the epileptogenic hippocampus.
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In its crystalline form, glutamic acid is more commonly known as monosodium glutamate, or MSG.
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The cationic component of the hemolymph is frequently replaced by potassium and free amino acids such as glutamate, proline, lysine and glycine.
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Distinct subpopulations of astrocytes might differently contribute to modulate neuronal hyperactivity in the epileptogenic region, possibly by releasing in addition to glutamate, ATP, and other neuroactive signals, e.g.,
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The researchers found that rapid-fire inputs less than a second long initiate a cellular memory process in single cells lasting as long as minute, a process called metabotropic glutamate transmission.
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Besides avoiding the small amino acids, from your Venn diagram, they look to cover most options to me (the only obvious ommision would be glutamate, E, for an example of a anionic (negative) amino acid).
An Interesting Pattern
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The cationic component of the hemolymph is frequently replaced by potassium and free amino acids such as glutamate, proline, lysine and glycine.
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Furthermore, the concept of a signalosome involving disease-associated factors, such as DISC1 and glutamate, may well contribute to the multifactorial and polygenetic characteristics of schizophrenia.
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In addition, the increased glutamate leads to glutamine formation.
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Glutamate, incidentally, is the workhorse excitatory transmitter for neurons in the brain.
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Various glutamate receptors have been shown to redistribute away from the synapse within as little as 5 minutes under certain stimuli.
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To enhance flavor or impart a desired color, cloves, ginger, fructose, aspartame, saccharin, FD & C Red no.40, monosodium glutamate, caramel, annatto, limonene, and turmeric can be added.
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One receptor, called the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 mGluR5, has received particular attention, as it is strongly expressed in key portions of the brain's pleasure circuit.
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The method is to use glutamate with certain concentration to induce DNA injury of PC12 cell line and observe the effect of agmatine on DNA fragment and mitochondrial function simultaneously.
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Of all the 90 ionizable residues located along the ion-conducting pathway, 52 residues are lysines and arginines and 38 residues are aspartate and glutamates.
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Monosodium glutamate is the salt of glutamate, an amino acid found naturally in protein-containing foods such as meat, vegetables, and milk.
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To enhance flavor or impart a desired color, cloves, ginger, fructose, aspartame, saccharin, FD & C Red no.40, monosodium glutamate, caramel, annatto, limonene, and turmeric can be added.
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Astrocytes are involved in brain metabolism, because they are capable of glycogenesis (conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage) in response to various hormones and to potassium and glutamate.
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Glutamate, incidentally, is the workhorse excitatory transmitter for neurons in the brain.
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The drug ketamine, an anesthetic used all over the world, blocks another brain chemical called glutamate.
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The products made with all natural ingredients do not have any artificial or synthetic ingredients, and they do not contain any artificial flavors or artificial preservatives, or ingredients such as monosodium glutamate MSG, yet still have the great taste consumers expect from Frito-Lay.
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The new study found rapid-fire inputs less than a second long initiate a cellular memory process in single cells lasting as long as minute, a process called metabotropic glutamate transmission.
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Previous work showed that two brain chemicals, dopamine and glutamate, independently contribute to the development of cocaine addiction.
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ADX10059 is an allosteric inhibitor - a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) - of a glutamate receptor subtype called metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5).
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There seems to be a lot of concern about MSG aka monosodium glutamate as a cloaked or disguised additive to food.
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The largest contributions to the ligand-receptor energy are provided by aspartates and glutamates in the selectivity filter and carboxyl residues in the outer ring.
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The daily requirement of sodium could be got by eating salt (sodium chloride), bicarbonate of soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate), or monosodium glutamate.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of polyamine toxins as tools for studies of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
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The largest contributions to the ligand-receptor energy are provided by aspartates and glutamates in the selectivity filter and carboxyl residues in the outer ring.
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Basically, there are three major chemicals that the tongue detects as being flavorful: inosine monophosphate (IMP), guanine monophosphate (GMP), and glutamate.
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The method is to use glutamate with certain concentration to induce DNA injury of PC12 cell line and observe the effect of agmatine on DNA fragment and mitochondrial function simultaneously.
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They developed and patented a method to extract it from fermented wheat, and produce a salt called monosodium glutamate, or MSG.
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Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation from a glutamate to a valine in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule.
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It is ironic that so many people drink soft drinks sweetened with NutraSweet® when aspartate can produce the exact same lesions as glutamate, resulting in gross obesity.
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Ammonia incorporation in animals occurs through the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthase.
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It is ironic that so many people drink soft drinks sweetened with NutraSweet® when aspartate can produce the exact same lesions as glutamate, resulting in gross obesity.
Beverley Golden: Obesity, MSG and Rats
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Using this screening method, a scientists unclosed 9 molecules that topsy-turvy a lethal goods of glutamate.
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Objective: To examine the regulatory effect of corticotrophin-releasing hormone on glutamate-mediated current I(subscript GLU in cultured hippocampal neurons and to study the related mechanism.
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In 1909, shortly after the discovery of umami, monosodium glutamate, or MSG, began to be produced commercially.
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In the late 1980s, Bear's research suggested that a cell receptor - called a metabotropic glutamate receptor - plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity.
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Our FRAP analysis clearly shows that ER with a fragmented appearance constitutes ER with broken or much reduced lumenal continuity after glutamate (
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In comparison, metabotropic glutamate receptors bring slower changes; largely they modulate signals from other neurotransmitters, acting through second messenger systems.
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The second most common cause of hyperinsulinism is the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome, in which the gene defect has nothing to do with the potassium channel, but instead interferes with the metabolism of glutamate in the cell, causing excessive insulin secretion.
Diazoxide
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Drugs which interact with the other types of glutamate receptor are without effect.
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In addition, R2 was also mutated to a glutamate.
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Apart from glutamate, the calcium ionophore ionomycin was able to induce ER fission.
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Alterations in serotonin levels, enhanced glutamate release, or inhibition of neurogenesis may be important factors in the central nervous system effects of corticosteroids.
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I had a few left over beef bones as well, so I threw those into the soup to add some more iosine monophosphate umami into the mix to counter act the predominantly glutamate-powered broth.
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We consume sodium in a variety of forms such as monosodium glutamate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium benzoate, among others.
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This is particularly true of a subset of slow-acting glutamate receptors called metabotropic receptors, which have a more limited distribution in the nervous system and which are only engaged by particular patterns of neural activity.
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Researchers from the University of Miami have isolated a receptor that binds glutamate and have proposed that it underlies the umami taste.
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The enzyme, pulsed with ATP and 14C-glutamate, was chased with unlabeled glutamate plus hydroxylamine.
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Glutamate is a common substance widely found in plant and animal tissues.
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Gervasoni D, Verret L, Goutagny R, Peyron C, et al. (2006) Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis: The switch from an aminergic-cholinergic to a GABAergic-glutamatergic hypothesis.
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Mutations of aspartates and glutamates were done by substitution of the carboxyl group by the amide group.
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The overall photorespiratory cycle is also linked to amino acid metabolism in that glycine, serine, glutamate, and glutamine are metabolized at high rates.
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A similar trend was observed for succinate, and for malate plus glutamate oxidation, by digitonin-permeabilized fibroblasts (not shown).
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Excitotoxins are usually amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate.
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Although, on a theoretical level, other physicians and scientists have considered Dr. Kinsbourne's overarousal model as an explanation for autism's behavior, a mercury-produced glutamate excess is not a probable explanation for overarousal.
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Norepinephrine and serotonin may be excitatory or inhibitory, but they are functionally inhibitory on pain transmission; glutamate is the other important excitatory neurotransmitter.
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Lime Tortilla Chips will lose all of the monosodium glutamate, sodium diacetate and artificial colors.
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Glutamate is an important neurotransmitter in the brain, and can be released in large amounts during intense neural activity.
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The proprietary molecule specifically inhibits a receptor subtype called the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) via negative allosteric modulation (NAM).
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The ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists D - AP 5 and CNQX could not fully block the action of ACM.
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These reports constitute the only evidence of glutamate gating of plant ion channels, despite the frequent use of glutamate as a balancing anion in patch-clamping solutions.
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In Japan, glutamate is known as umami, or the ‘fifth taste’.
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Over time, drinking alcohol alters the balance of some chemicals in your brain, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits impulsiveness, and glutamate, which excites the nervous system.
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This contains mild, sulfate-free surfactants such as sodium cocoyl glutamate, caprylic acid or sodium lauroyl, from coconuts and amino acids, respectively, derived from the same natural sources as regular soap and synthetic detergents.
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Bactosoytone, the medium that is used to cultivate bacteria in the process of making monosodium glutamate, is one of the peptones.
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Bad oil materials used for bad juice, salt, monosodium glutamate, Frame after a brown flavor.
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MSG is a powdered form of glutamate made by fermenting molasses from sugar cane and beets.
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Ph. D., said, "Tezampanel and its oral prodrug NGX426 are the first glutamate receptor antagonists to be tested in human pain trials with combined binding activity at the AMPA and kainite receptor subtypes.
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Observations of toxicity of glutamate in tissue culture are of uncertain relevance invivo.
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Observations of toxicity of glutamate in tissue culture are of uncertain relevance invivo.
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The presence of glutamate can usually be discerned thanks to the use of symbols like E620 or E625 or the word monosodium glutamate (MSG).
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Aging, curing, and fermenting enhance umami, so that aged cheeses and fermented soy and fish sauces, for example, contain more glutamate than fresh cheeses or unfermented soy.
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When a cell extracts energy from ATP, it is transformed into a series of smaller molecules, one of which, IMP inosine monophosphate, has a savory taste similar to that of glutamate.
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The PET scan studies showed that altering glutamate levels could lead to new ways to treat schizophrenia.
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Conclusion The present investigation provided the morphological evidence supporting that glutamate of CSF might regulate ependymal cells via NMDAR.
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Glutamate accelerates brain activity—it is excitatory.
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As a result, most patients with glutamate dehydrogenase hyperinsulinism will be responsive to Diazoxide.
Diazoxide
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LY2140023 is designed to stimulate substances in the brain known as metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGlu for short.
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Because of the participation of a-ketoglutarate in numerous transaminations, glutamate is a prominent intermediate in nitrogen elimination as well as in anabolic pathways.
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The overall photorespiratory cycle is also linked to amino acid metabolism in that glycine, serine, glutamate, and glutamine are metabolized at high rates.
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Professor Kikunae Ikeda officially discovers umami and identifies glutamate as the main cause of the sensation.
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Its sodium salt is the food flavour enhancer monosodium glutamate ( MSG ).
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The study doesn't even mention what happens when restaurants or food packagers process foods not only with a lot ofadded salt, but also flavor extenders such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) to amplify flavor.
New study finds human brain regulates its own sodium intake for entire body
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Glutamate is released presynaptically and binds to a postsynaptic receptor gating a cation-selective channel, thus depolarizing the post-synaptic cell.
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The generation of asparate occurs by the standard transamination reactions that interconvert amino acids with a-ketoglutarate to form glutamate and glutamate with oxaloacetate to form aspartate.
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Babies have very basic taste buds: it's believed that mother's milk offers two taste enhancements - sugar (as lactose) and umami (as glutamate) in the hope that one or other will get the little blighters drinking.
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Second, it produced an excess of glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, leading to a persistent state of overexcitation or overarousal.
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The NMDA receptor is activated by glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
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Molecular basis and characterization of the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome: predominance of mutations in exons 11 and 12 of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene.
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Counteracting glutamate is a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), an inhibitor that keeps glutamate and other go signals from overwhelming us.
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In the brain, 80% of manganese is found in the enzyme glutamine synthetase, which inactivates the excitatory amino acid glutamate to glutamine.
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One leading view, due by Dr. Warren as good as colleagues, suggests that over kick of neurons by a neurotransmitter glutamate is partly obliged for a brain dysfunction ensuing from a detriment of FMRP.
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