How To Use Glaciation In A Sentence
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I will guess that the hypothesis is that the Earth enters a deglaciation period because of orbital parameters deglaciation occurs when the northern hemisphere winter is extra-cold and the northern hemisphere summer is extra-warm.
"Crisis = opportunity + danger."
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At the time Milankovitch did his work, it was generally assumed that four glaciations had occurred in the Alps during the Pleistocene, named Günz, Mindel, Riss and Würm.
Milankovitch, Milutin
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We've had glaciations and we've had warmer periods, and vegetation would creep back as the glaciers were retreating.
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In the west, the fiordlands and alpine terrain of British Columbia attest to vigorous glaciation of high-relief mountains in a snowy, maritime climate.
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Geologically young, the Rockies exhibit faulting, glaciation, and volcanism, resulting in rugged, spectacularly scenic terrain.
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The effects of deglaciation on tropical regions are not fully understood, but ambient temperatures at equatorial latitudes were cooler by approximately 5C during the last glacial maximum.
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This might be the result of genetically different populations or the populations that have emerged from different geohistorical periods depending on deglaciation processes.
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Differences in abiotic factors such as differential effects of glaciation and sea-level changes on land and in the sea may also greatly influence biogeographic patterns.
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Then the amount of snowfall tapers off during the next 200 years of deglaciation.
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I know it's not as well understood - but what is the approximate time frame over which carbon dioxide values returned to normal after the catastrophic deglaciations in the late Precambrian?
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The Upper Palaeolithic occupies the second half of the last glaciation, ending 10,000 years ago.
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The first extinction of the Precambrian, which largely affected stromatolites and acritarchs, has been correlated with a large glaciation event that occurred about 600 million years ago.
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Glaciation has left a permanent imprint on the landscape.
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Curry, writing from the Department of Geography of the University of North Carolina, reported that, in 1963 and 1964, during studies of Little Ice Age glaciation and nivation in the mountains of southwestern U.S., a number of stands of bristlecone pine were encountered, including a previously unstudied stand at Wheeler Peak in east Nevada gazetteeer location: 38.9861N; Longitude: -114.312.
Cutting Down the Oldest Living Tree in the World « Climate Audit
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Mature alpine landscapes exhibit many of the ‘classic’ features of glaciation, including troughs, hanging valleys, truncated spurs, and narrow arêtes rising to narrow rock peaks.
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Silt and varved clay, probably deposited during the last stages of Pleistocene glaciation, cover the entire floor.
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An alternative view on uplift and climate change proposes that the Quaternary glaciations in the Himalayas could have enhanced uplift.
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In general, the north sides are concave in both their horizontal and vertical sections, having been sculptured into this shape by the residual glaciers that lingered in the protecting northern shadows, while the sun-beaten south sides, having never been subjected to this kind of glaciation, are convex or irregular.
The Yosemite
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The rocks Macdonald and his colleagues analyzed in Canada's Yukon Territory showed glacial deposits and other signs of glaciation, such as striated clasts, ice rafted debris, and deformation of soft sediments.
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Agassiz recognized marks of glaciation all over northern Europe
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No polar glaciations are known during the Late Permian.
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To return to the marks of glaciation: in the moraine at Mazze there are many large blocks of protogine and large and small ones of limestone and serpentine which have been brought down from Monte
The Antiquity of Man
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These hydrogeological conditions are controlled by relative land and sea level, erosion and deposition, the cold climate processes of permafrost and glaciation, and rock stress changes.
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Instead of overhunting, the scientists think that perhaps historic climate changes are to blame, such as glaciation events that could have forced the whales to change habitats and therefore food sources and calving grounds.
TreeHugger
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Subsequent to the initial phase of deglaciation on Spitsbergen (~13 to 12.5 ky BP), most of the eastern and northern Barents Sea was deglaciated during the Bølling – Allerød Interstadial [53].
Arctic climate variability prior to 100 years BP
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The timing of deglaciation shows a close correspondence to increased meridional overturning of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation and attendant warming of the North Atlantic Ocean immediately after the last glacial maximum.
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There were no polar ice caps or continental glaciation.
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Glaciation and deglaciation of the continents are important mechanisms for changing the volume of water in ocean basins.
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Fairview is a 1,500-foot granite dome formed by glaciation, with a challenging, nearly vertical face.
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Widened by glaciation and altered by more faults and wind erosion, canyons within canyons were formed until 50 million years ago a river began to flow.
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A slightly later phase of deglaciation occurred when the ice margin retreated north into St. George's Channel, forming the raised ice contact delta at the Screen Hills, which prograded southwards into high relative sea level.
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Lentic records commonly extend back 6,000 to 11,000 years to the time of deglaciation in the circumpolar Arctic.
Historical changes in freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic
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Moreover, glacial eustasy is rejected because of the lack of evidence for widespread glaciation at the appropriate stratigraphic level and because the required kilometre-scale drawdown far exceeds that expected through glaciation.
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The authors hypothesized their common origin from an Atlantic refugium after the last glaciation.
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Similar deposits that accumulated during earlier glaciations occur at various levels in the geological column.
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The global context of glaciation in the Neoproterozoic is the massive first-order reorganization of the planet's geography, climate and ocean systems resulting from the breakup and dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia.
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The errors and uncertainties tend to be amplified farther back in the paleoclimatic record, particularly in the Arctic, where much of the paleoclimatic evidence from earlier parts of the Quaternary Period has been removed or obfuscated as a result of later glaciations.
Arctic climate variability prior to 100 years BP
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During the Wisconsinian glaciation, most of the northern hemisphere was covered with ice up to 2 miles thick as far south as Des Moines, Iowa where the state capitol was built on the terminal moraine, which is hundreds of feet thick.
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Scientists -- to society's peril -- don't know what triggers irreversible changes such as deglaciation, sea-level rise and extinctions.
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During periods of glaciations followed by periods of thaw it is thought that the river was flowing at such a speed it was able to carry gravel from the glaciers and ice fields to the north and west.
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Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (1843-1928) was a respected and influential American geologist and science educator who supported the concepts of multiple glaciation and planetesimal origin of the Earth, and was among the first to emphasize carbon dioxide as a major regulator of Earth's temperature.
Climate Change Biographies
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The advance and retreat of the last glaciation caused sea-level changes to take place there very recently, in geological terms.
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Comparatively, the couple of decades preceding 1880 were very humid: lakes stood high, mountain glaciation was extensive, and precipitation more abundant.
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Under these periods of glaciations, the seas would fall to levels about 400 feet below the present.
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Changes in relative sea level driven by glacial isostasy may have provided an additional mechanism for deglaciation.
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Broad U-shaped valleys, morainal topography, and braided stream channels show evidence of glaciation.
Brooks Range Tundra - Polar Desert Province (Bailey)
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This mountainous ecoregion is underlain by Cenozoic volcanics and has been affected by alpine glaciations.
Ecoregions of the United States-Level III (EPA)
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Taymir biodiversity values are intermediate between the higher values in Chukotka and Alaska, which have a more complicated relief, geology, and floristic history, and the lower values in the eastern Canadian Arctic with its impoverished flora resulting from relatively recent glaciation.
Implications of current species distributions for future biotic change in the Arctic
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Their study by others led to the discovery of multiple glaciations, separated by interglacial periods.
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The Younger Dryas Event is a climate reversal preceded and followed by abrupt warming during the deglaciation period about 11,000 years BP, according to the conventional chronology.
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This relationship suggests that the area of transverse moraines formed below the ice mass that remained in north-central Ireland following early deglaciation.
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A final chapter reviews recent speculations on the causes of global glaciation.
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The major conclusions from these studies are that the most recent ice age lasted about 100,000 years and consisted of gradual cooling and glaciation followed by rapid deglaciation.
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‘It is still likely that a major deglaciation of the ice sheet will take centuries to millenniums to occur,’ he said.
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Mature alpine landscapes exhibit many of the ‘classic’ features of glaciation, including troughs, hanging valleys, truncated spurs, and narrow arêtes rising to narrow rock peaks.
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Glaciation has left a permanent imprint on the landscape.
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Are these sea-level changes caused by continental glaciation?
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However, there have been at least four significant glacial episodes prior to the Pleistocene glaciations.
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There were no polar ice caps or continental glaciation.
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The word "driftless" refers to the lack of gravelly drift in the region from the last glaciation 12,000 years ago.
NYT > Home Page
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The combination of the latter two is generally known as the Milankovic cycle, and it explains * all* of the major periods of glaciation for the last several million years.
Global Warming...
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In North America, where most mountain ranges run north to south, many species were pushed south during glaciation and were able to reinvade northward during subsequent glacial retreat.
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In widespread Carex taxa, levels of genetic variation were not related to climate, but were to a large extent explained by differences in glaciation history at the sampling sites: populations in areas deglaciated approximately 10,000 years BP had significantly lower genetic variation than populations in areas deglaciated 60,000 years BP.
Genetic responses of arctic species to changes in climate and ultraviolet-B radiation levels
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In Illinois, levels of diversity drop precipitously, most likely reflecting one or more genetic bottlenecks in areas that were once covered by the Wisconsin glaciation.
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Morphological structural movements during the Neogene-Quaternary period, along with the effects during the Quaternary partial valley glaciation, has determined the relief formations.
Central Sikhote-Alin, Russian Federation
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In comparison with other deglaciation records from the Rockall Trough the sample may date from the warm Allerod-Boiling interstadial of 13.5-11 ka.
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For instance, during the Pleistocene glaciations, the high altitude areas were probably nearer to distinct kinds of open vegetation, while forests were retracting.
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It seems that there have been circumpolar nomads present at least since the last glaciation period, which ended around 10,000 BC.
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It is now widely recognized that the Late Ordovician mass extinction was both coincident with and causally linked to an event of continental glaciation centered in the North African and South American regions of Gondwana.
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During the Quaternary glaciations, cork oak may have survived in scattered refugia which possessed favourable microclimate conditions, and from which post-glacial colonization occurred over recent millennia.
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During the deglaciation phases of the Pleistocene glaciations, wind-blown silt was deposited on a spectacular scale in extensive, stoneless loess.
Times, Sunday Times
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Silt and varved clay, probably deposited during the last stages of Pleistocene glaciation, cover the entire floor.
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Glacio-isostatic adjustment is a response of the earth to loading and unloading by glaciers during the last major glaciation and the subsequent deglaciation.
Sea-level rise and coastal stability in the Arctic
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His writings were many and ranged over such subjects as diverse as slaty cleavage, metamorphic rocks, plutons, and Pleistocene glaciation in the Isle of Skye.
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Millions of people in the Himalayas and Andes suffer from goitre and cretinism as glaciation, heavy rainfall and melting snow regularly leach mountain soils of their iodine content.
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The stratigraphic positions of the palaeovalleys in the Adelaide fold belt rule out glacial eustacy related to the preceding widespread Marinoan glaciation as a possible cause of palaeovalley incision.
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The Paleolithic was a very cold period; humans were forced to the shoreline about 50,000 years ago, at the height of the last glaciation, actually got worse about 17,000 years ago.
EconTalk
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During Pleistocene times this resulted in a glacial climate and widespread continental glaciations in high latitudes.
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As Macdonald points out, primitive life could have survived global glaciation: "modern-day ice cracks off Antarctica are 'chockablock' with single-celled life-forms," he told National Geographic.
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The area has outstanding natural beauty, floral and faunal diversity, and is a prime example of ongoing geological processes such as glaciation and canyon formation.
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, Canada
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Minor glaciations may also have taken place in the earlier Ordovician early Silurian and late Devonian.
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He concluded that discontinuity patterns resulted from ecological and geological barriers at high elevations, attributable mostly to the effects of glaciation and volcanism.
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A popular view is that during the last glaciation a large ice sheet formed over the Tibetan plateau and that this ice sheet caused a similar split in jet-stream flow.
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Historical factors such as deglaciation events and timing also figure prominently in determining biodiversity at higher trophic levels in these systems [33].
Freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic
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‘Geologically, it would be about 10,000 years old, as the last glaciations meant that entire area was covered with glaciers,’ he said.
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These erratic blocks of foreign origin are often polished and striated, having undergone what is called glaciation, of which more will be said by and by.
The Antiquity of Man
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Mt Iron in particular shows signs of glaciation - rounded on its upstream face and steep and craggy on the downstream side.
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The region is adjacent to the driftless area, and was glaciated during the Wisconsin glaciation.
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Overall, endemism is quite high in this hotspot because of extensive speciation among several groups of plants, most notably the epiphytes, suggesting that the region was the location of plant refugia during Pleistocene glaciations.
Biological diversity in Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena
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Silt and varved clay, probably deposited during the last stages of Pleistocene glaciation, cover the entire floor.
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The difference between plant response to the Paelocene-Eocene warming and to the last deglaciation suggests that vegetation can't always respond quickly.
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But the crux of the matter is the mysterious “fast atmospheric amplifier” of the CO2 etc. released during deglaciation, which is the old, unanswered question of what the CO2 sensitivity really is.
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Over the last half-million years or so, warm interglacial periods have been much shorter than the cold glaciations, lasting on average only 10,000 years.
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It's a surprisingly verdant mountain - spared by the last glaciation - where rhododendrons, gentians and rare orchids bloom.
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At glaciation's midwinter, a colter of ice opened a gap in the Kazan ringwall.
A Knight of Ghosts and Shadows
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Then came a warmer period between glaciations, and the stalactite grew.
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It is important to remember that the decrease in biodiversity with increasing latitude that is a characteristic of arctic ecosystems is partly a consequence of the slow rate of dispersal of species into the Arctic following deglaciation.
Climate change and terrestrial wildlife management in the Arctic
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Excluding the initial transient alkaline period following deglaciation evident at some sites, the long-term natural rate of pH decline in the arctic lakes of the region is estimated to be approximately 0.005 to 0.01 pH units per 100 yr.
Historical changes in freshwater ecosystems in the Arctic
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Variations in CO2 of that scale make the difference between glaciation and deglaciation.
Hansen: Obama has only four years to save the world - NASA Watch
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The reason the large animals did not die out at the end of previous glaciations is because there were no previous glaciations.
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They clearly show the floors to the many different seas and its life forms, to tens of millions of years of mountain building and millions of years of wind and water erosion, glaciations and, finally, deglaciation.
Dr. Reese Halter: Protecting Our Wild Prairies