How To Use Endosperm In A Sentence
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Endosperm starch content of sweet maize was lower than normal corn notably.
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The images of endosperm without an aleurone layer were prepared by tracing cell contours on a transparent sheet from the microphotograph, and were digitized by a scanner and transformed into a binary image.
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Aleurone layer The outermost protein rich layer of the endosperm grass fruits ( e . g . cereal grains ).
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The endosperm cap (the testa included) was placed on the needle and was pierced by moving the needle down into a polyvinyl chloride block with a conic hole with a minimum diameter of 0.7 mm.
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Tobacco seeds accumulate oil and protein in the embryo, cellular endosperm and inner layer of the seed coat.
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Expression was more obvious in aleurone cells, the endosperm cells lining the maternal seed coat.
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The macrospore or embryo-sac produces a prothallium called the endosperm, in which archegonia or corpuscula are formed; and lastly, in typical dicotyledons it is only lately that any trace of a prothallium from the microspore or pollen cell has been discovered, while the macrospore or embryo-sac produces only two or three prothallium cells, known as antipodal cells, and two or three oospheres, known as germinal vesicles.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886
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This fine white powder called “flour” is, in fact, the ground endosperm, which is about 67 percent carbohydrate, 9 percent to 14 percent protein, and the rest water The amount of protein in flour can vary according to what kind of wheat is used.
THE TANTE MARIE’S COOKING SCHOOL COOKBOOK
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Starch granule of powder endosperm arranged loosely and showed a polyhedron shape.
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Seminal majority, dinky, seed coat has fossa opening , endosperm flesh is qualitative.
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Popcorn pops because the pericarp is strong enough to hold in the steam created when the endosperm, which is 14.5 percent water, is heated — strong enough, that is, until the steam reaches 177 degrees C. and the pressure builds to 9.5 kilograms per square centimeter.
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It accumulates in the amyloplasta of the endosperm cells during grain filling.
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It has three main parts: the germ, the endosperm and the bran.
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The non-germinating blind-seeds carry a mass of fungus tissue in the endosperm and are the carry-over phase of the disease.
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When an ear of corn is broken in half, the tip half shows the smooth endosperm.
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Seeds consist of three parts with different genetic compositions: the embryo and endosperm of zygotic origin and the seed coat or testa derived from maternal tissues.
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The particular form of apomixis involves the development of a 2n embryo sac followed by fertilization of the central nuclei to form the endosperm (pseudogamy).
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Guided by the synergidae one male-cell passes into the oosphere with which it fuses, the two nuclei uniting, while the other fuses with the definitive nucleus, or, as it is also called, the endosperm nucleus.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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As with popcorn, the best popping types usually have small grains with a dense, "glassy" (corneous) endosperm that traps steam until the pressure builds to explosive levels.
10. Sorghum: Specialty Types
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Mal-Se was a protein creature or endospermic monster which was characterized by an insatiable voracity.
Plasma Monster
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In this way the starchy, carbohydrate-rich center, called the endosperm, is separated from both the dark, fibrous bran and the wheat embryo, called the wheat germ.
Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy
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Details of endosperm mobilization and aleurone cell death were first described in the nineteenth century by Haberlandt.
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Starch granules of several size classes are found in the endosperm of cereals such as wheat.
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The highest relative concentration of isobutylamide in all species was in seed coats followed by roots; it was not found in ligulate florets and endosperm.
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Starch granules of several size classes are found in the endosperm of cereals such as wheat.
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Under this tissue is found with the Nos. 7, 8, and 9, the endosperm or perisperm, containing the gluten and the starch; soluble and insoluble albuminoids, that is to say, the flour.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 275, April 9, 1881
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Xenia describes any immediate effect a pollen grain has on the germ or endosperm of seed plants.
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Popcorn pops because the pericarp is strong enough to hold in the steam created when the endosperm, which is 14.5 percent water, is heated — strong enough, that is, until the steam reaches 177 degrees C. and the pressure builds to 9.5 kilograms per square centimeter.
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These terms, extensively used by systematists, only refer, however, to the grosser features of the seed, and indicate the more or less evident occurrence of a food-reserve; many so-called exalbuminous seeds show to microscopic examination a distinct endosperm which may have other than a nutritive function.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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The endosperm is the food store for the developing seedling.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 - Presentation Speech
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Soluble proteins from endosperm and leaf tissues were used.
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The endosperm is more finely ground, but the germ and bran are ground separately and coarser and then it is all brought back together.
Tip 3 - All About Flour
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Endosperm refers to the rest of the seed, i.e. the seed coat, pericarp, aleurone layer, and starchy endosperm.
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Seed development requires co-ordinated expression of embryo and endosperm and is controlled by sporophytic, male gametophytic, and female gametophytic genes.
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The symptomless infected seeds carry thin and hyaline mycelium in the tegmen, endosperm, and space between the endosperm and embryo.
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Abutting onto the endosperm from one side is the scutellum, a single modified leaf that absorbs, digests, and conducts food from the endosperm to the embryo, or “germ,” which is at the base of the fruit, and which is also well endowed with oil, enzymes, and flavor.
On Food and Cooking, The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
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It has long been known that after fertilization of the egg has taken place, the formation of endosperm begins from the endosperm nucleus, and this had come to be regarded as the recommencement of the development of a prothallium after a pause following the reinvigorating union of the polar nuclei.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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Whole grain foods are made with all three parts of the grain kernel - the fibre-rich outer bran layer, the middle endosperm and the inner germ.
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In this first mechanism, the gene is not strictly required in the embryo sac; the effect is an indirect result of the specialization of the endosperm.
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Thus the three seed components, embryo, endosperm and seed coat, are genetically distinct.
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Whole-grain breads are far superior to whites that have been denuded of bran, endosperm and germ.
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Bean with one cotyledon removed, after sprouting had begun. _a_, Seed-coat; _b_, cotyledon; _c_, epicotyl; _d_, hypocotyl; _e_, endosperm.
The First Book of Farming
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The endosperm is usually white and floury as in normal maize, but in some types the outer portion is hard and corneous, as in popcorn.
7. Sorghum
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• Flour corns, including the standard varieties of blue corn, are soft and easily ground because their endosperm is a discontinuous and weak combination of relatively little protein, mostly waxy starch, and air pockets.
On Food and Cooking, The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
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In this type of endosperm, which is the most common in cereals, development starts with several rounds of divisions of the triploid nucleus without cytokinesis.
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A great variation in endosperm size is observed within angiosperms.
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The endosperm, a result of double fertilization in flowering plants, is a triploid tissue whose genetic composition is more complex than diploid tissue.
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At this stage the triploid endosperm nuclei are approximately the same size as the diploid nuclei of the pericarp and nucellus.
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Pasta:Any of several starchy food pastes (pasta alimentaria) made from semolina, the purified middlings (endosperm) of a hard wheat called durum.
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Wheat grains consist of the seed coat, or testa, which surrounds the endosperm and embryo.
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With the exceptions of oats and rice, the major endosperm storage proteins of all cereal grains are prolamins.
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As the development of embryo and endosperm proceeds within the embryo-sac, its wall enlarges and commonly absorbs the substance of the nucellus (which is likewise enlarging) to near its outer limit, and combines with it and the integument to form the _seed-coat_; or the whole nucellus and even the integument may be absorbed.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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The triploid endosperm nucleus is derived from the fusion of two polar nuclei from the female parent and one sperm nucleus from the male.
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In some plants the nucellus is not thus absorbed, but itself becomes a seat of deposit of reserve-food constituting the _perisperm_ which may coexist with endosperm, as in the water-lily order, or may alone form a food-reserve for the embryo, as in _Canna_.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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Respiration in wheat endosperm was measured together with the activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase.
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They showed that rats fed on zein, the major protein of maize endosperm, died of protein starvation.
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At the end of the season, he goes back through all his saved ears, reselecting for seed quality, using a dog toenail clipper to slice open the hard kernels and examine the starch-to-endosperm ratio.
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In some plants the nucellus is not thus absorbed, but itself becomes a seat of deposit of reserve-food constituting the _perisperm_ which may coexist with endosperm, as in the water-lily order, or may alone form a food-reserve for the embryo, as in _Canna_.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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Most of its volume is taken up by the starchy endosperm, where starch and storage proteins are accumulated.
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In maize endosperm the pullulanase-type DBE activity is thought to have a bifunctional role, assisting in both starch synthesis and degradation.
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The germinal vesicle now secretes a wall, divides into two parts, and while the rest of the embyro-sac fills with endosperm cells, it produces by cell division from the upper half a short row of cells termed a suspensor, and from the lower half a mass of cells constituting the embryo.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886
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The mature achene is composed of a hard and relatively thick pericarp, a thin testa, an endosperm consisting of one cell layer, and a small embryo.
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It is also possible that the first-group enzymes play important roles in the de novo synthesis of glucan primers and the initiation of starch granules in the endosperm.
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Failure of endosperm development usually results in embryo abortion.
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Less coherent expression was detected in the endodermis of the root elongation zone, in the stem of the young inflorescence, pollen tubes, base of axillary buds, ovules, chalazal endosperm, and fruit abscission zone.
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Quantative trait loci(QTL) were identified and its effects were analysized by using triploid endosperm genetic model and interval mapping.
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Seed development requires co-ordinated expression of embryo and endosperm and is controlled by sporophytic, male gametophytic, and female gametophytic genes.
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Wheat berries contain the whole grain -- endosperm, bran and germ -- and that's what makes them so healthful.
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_albuminous_ or _endospermic_, those in which neither is found are termed _exalbuminous_ or _exendospermic_.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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This particular period seems to be the exact timing when the seed starts to accumulate a huge amount of starch in the endosperm.
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If endosperm cell division is halted at an early stage, kernels abort and fail to set seed.
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In cucumber, muskmelon, and other seeds, a thin perisperm-endosperm envelope completely encloses the embryo.
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Mucilages found in rhizomes, roots and seed endosperms may act primarily as energy reserves whereas foliar mucilages appear not to serve as storage carbohydrates.
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In a number of angiosperm species, mostly dicots, the endosperm is a transient structure that may be absorbed in the later stages of seed development.
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In contrast to the extensive study of species with persistent endosperm, little is known about the global gene expression pattern in the endosperm of exalbuminous seed species such as crucifer oilseeds.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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The endosperm, the largest organ in the seed, is surrounded by a single layer of cells, the aleurone layer.
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Fruit a trigonous, biconvex, or biconcave achene; seed with straight or curved embryo and copious endosperm.
Find Me A Cure
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In species with exalbuminous seeds, the endosperm is eventually consumed and its space occupied by the embryo during seed development.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Double fertilization of egg cell and central cell initiates development of the diploid embryo and the triploid endosperm, respectively.
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Bean with one cotyledon removed, after sprouting had begun. _a_, Seed-coat; _b_, cotyledon; _c_, epicotyl; _d_, hypocotyl; _e_, endosperm.
The First Book of Farming
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The aleurone is part of the triploid maize endosperm whereas the coleoptile, scutellum, scutellar node, and root are derived from the developing embryo.
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The large mass of endosperm cells stores food to nourish the early growth of the embryo or “germ.” fruit seed coats scutellum
On Food and Cooking, The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
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Respiration in wheat endosperm was measured together with the activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome oxidase.
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Angiosperm seeds are comprised of an embryo and endosperm resulting from double fertilization of the egg cell and two polar nuclei, respectively.
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There is compelling evidence indicating that, in some cereals such as maize, barley, rice, and wheat, cytosolic AGPase accounts for the major AGPase activity in the endosperm.
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These above-mentioned three characteristics of fruits, number of vitta, evolvement status of lateral rib and endosperm form, may serve as reference in interspecies relationship study.
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Multiple endosperms from a single ear were combined for analysis.
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A reddish tinge signifies penetrance of the dye through the testa into the endosperm and embryo.
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The endosperm from the Greek: “within the seed” is often the only part of the grain consumed.
On Food and Cooking, The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
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Seeds in which endosperm or perisperm or both exist are commonly called
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1
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The cell walls of the endosperm are composed largely of mannose, with lesser amounts of glucose, galactose and arabinose.
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Cereal grains, for example, store the bulk of their storage proteins in the starchy endosperm.
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For example, the triploid primary endosperm nucleus of Triticum aestivum has in prophase a DNA content of 6C, while the pentaploid primary endosperm nucleus of Gagea lutea has in prophase a DNA content of 10C.
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The single-seeded fruit known as a caryopsis consists of the pericarp and testa surrounding the endosperm and the embedded embryo.
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Samples of roots, shoots, coleoptiles, leaves, whole seeds, endosperm, and embryos were taken at the times indicated in the Results.
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When kinetin was applied to plants during early endosperm development, both endosperm cell number and endosperm/grain weight increased.
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Moreover, the endosperm is formed due to the fusing of two polar nuclei cells with a sperm nucleus.
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All grains have a bark-like, protective hull beneath which are the endosperm, germ, and bran.
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In this type of endosperm, which is the most common in cereals, development starts with several rounds of divisions of the triploid nucleus without cytokinesis.
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The endosperm cap (the testa included) was placed on the needle and was pierced by moving the needle down into a polyvinyl chloride block with a conic hole with a minimum diameter of 0.7 mm.
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Except at the crease, the endosperm is encased in the testa with its inner and outer cuticular layers and so, from this stage onwards, only the symplastic pathway through the chalazal cells is available.
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The ENGase activity was almost equally distributed in the endosperm, the radicle and the scutellum.
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Protein reserves in the cereal endosperm are sequentially degraded to small peptides and amino acids during germination and these are translocated across the scutellum to support growth of the embryo.
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The caryopsis consists of an embryo on one side at the base and the endosperm occupies the remaining portion.
A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses
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Roots were determined to have protruded when the radicle had split the endosperm at which point it was clearly visible.