How To Use Endoderm In A Sentence
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Structures derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are commonly represented.
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Teratomas are germ cell tumors composed of various tissue elements representing more than one embryonic layer (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
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The innermost layer of cells of the cortex is called the = endodermis = and it becomes conspicuous on account of the thickening in the lateral and inner walls of the cells of this layer.
A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses
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Monocot roots also have pericycle, endodermis, cortex, and epidermis.
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This makes the analysis of in vitro differentiation of endodermal cell types difficult and thus poses a major hurdle for attempts to derive endodermal cell types for ES or other sources that might be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Vertical bars in (L and M) indicate enlarged region shown in (P and Q). pd, protoderm; pc, procambium; col, columella initials; QC, quiescent center; v, vascular tissue; ep, epidermis; c, cortex; en, endodermis.
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In adult embryos expression was detected in the QC and future endodermis of the embryonic roots and in the hypocotyls.
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Thus, these roots were manually peeled - the peripheral root tissues were carefully picked using a pair of forceps, and then pulled to separate the endodermis covering the stele.
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During the embryonic stage, the tonsils arise from the second pharyngeal pouch as buds of endodermal cells.
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Thus, then, the coloring matter described as chlorophyl by Lankester has really been mainly derived from that of the endodermal algæ of the variety _plumosa_, which predominates at Naples; while the anthea-green of Krukenberg must mainly consist of the green pigment of the ectoderm, since the Trieste variety evidently does not contain algæ in any great quantity.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882
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It proceeded through a primitive embryonic endoderm, which clumped into embryoid bodies.
The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Advanced Information
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Slide 6: cortex pericycle pith Xylem endodermis epidermis F ก F Fก 10x
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Rudy-Reil D, Lough J (2004) Avian precardiac endoderm/mesoderm induces cardiac myocyte differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells.
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In bent cotyledon embryos the expression was confined to the QC and endodermis/cortex stem cells of the embryonic root.
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The expression pattern changes in two regions: (1) lateral root founder cells and initials and (2) around the root tip where expression is detected in epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and the root cap.
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Vertical bars in (L and M) indicate enlarged region shown in (P and Q). pd, protoderm; pc, procambium; col, columella initials; QC, quiescent center; v, vascular tissue; ep, epidermis; c, cortex; en, endodermis.
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The endoderm is the innermost layer that lines the digestive tract.
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These animals have meroblastic eggs and infold the endoderm through a primitive streak.
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It was shown to be localized to root endodermis and flowers.
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Thus, a model for gravitropism in stem-like organs is proposed in which F-actin modulates the gravity response by actively participating in statolith repositioning within the endodermal statocytes.
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Furthermore, both the Delta-dependent secondary mesoderm-GRN and the late endoderm-GRN (17 to 30 h p.f.) that is subsequently activated in veg2 and veg1 macromere progeny are independent of ActivinB function.
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Furthermore, they suggested that such neuroendocrine carcinomas might be of endodermal rather than neuroectodermal derivation.
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At a tissue level, an adult hydra is essentially a tube composed of two tissue layers, the ectoderm and the endoderm, which extend throughout the animal.
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We still consider this a benign tumor because no endodermal sinus components were evident.
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It's endoderm ultimately forms the lining of the auditory tube, tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum.
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Furthermore, injections into the mesoderm or ectoderm require going through the endoderm layer.
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The stem cell lines also retain the ability, throughout the culture, to differentiate into tissue-derived endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
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Cell-lineage studies of ctenophores, polyclad flatworms, nemertines and acoelomorph flatworms reveal important distinctions between mesodermal cells arising from ectoderm and those from endoderm.
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Pericycle the outermost zone of cells of the stele immediately within the endodermis, 32.
A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses
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Most studies entailing isolation of intestinal epithelial cells invitro and subsequent grafting invivo have used intact undifferentiated fetal endoderm.
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Entoderm: the innermost germ layer of the embryo, from which are derived the epithelium of the alimentary canal and accessory structures: = endoderm and hypoblast.
Explanation of Terms Used in Entomology
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These layers include the epidermis, an exodermis in roots where it is differentiated, several layers of cortex cells, the endodermis, pericycle, xylem parenchyma cells and finally the vessels.
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The anthozoans are diploblastic animals developing from two epithelial germ cell layers: the ectoderm, facing the seawater, and the endoderm, facing the gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron.
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Minokawa T, Amemiya S (1999) Timing of the potential of micromere-descendants in echinoid embryos to induce endoderm differentiation of mesomere-descendants.
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These cells, usually seen as being mesodermal, apparently represent another cell line originating from endoderm.
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The bladder and rectum originate from a single hollow tube, the endodermal cloaca.
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Slide 7: F ก F Fก 40x pericycle xylem pith phloem endodermis
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At a tissue level, an adult hydra is essentially a tube composed of two tissue layers, the ectoderm and the endoderm, which extend throughout the animal.
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There were no visible differences in the development of endodermis between the two varieties and growth conditions.
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In the classical view, the former component becomes zero at the endodermis.
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Examination of the surgical specimen revealed findings characteristic of endodermal sinus tumor.
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In the forms in which it is most highly developed (Polytrichaceae) this tissue, which is comparable with the xylem of higher plants, is surrounded by a zone of tissue physiologically comparable to phloem, and in the rhizome may be limited by an endodermis.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria"
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In embryos with increased RA signaling, pancreas and liver fates were expanded rostrally at the expense of anterior endoderm fates such as thyroid and pharynx.
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The outer layer of this ‘gastrula’ is called the ectoderm, the inner layer is the endoderm, and there are also some cells thrown into the space between the ectoderm and endoderm, which are called mesoderm.
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These basic elements he named endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, for they seemed to derive from the three layers of the human embryo, the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm.
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Other asymmetric anatomical features - such as placement of the heart and liver - are products of different layers, the mesoderm and endoderm.
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As gastrulation proceeds, the region of involution spreads laterally and vegetally so that involution involves the vegetal endoderm and so forms a circle around a plug of yolky cells.
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The mesoderm then lies immediately beneath the ectoderm, with the endoderm lining the roof of the archenteron, the future gut.
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Expression is also detected variously in visceral endoderm, and anterior mesoderm and endoderm of the gut and pharynx in some vertebrates and amphioxus.
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It seems to be associated with lignification of host endodermis and pericycle cells at the penetration site.
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The outer layer of this ‘gastrula’ is called the ectoderm, the inner layer is the endoderm, and there are also some cells thrown into the space between the ectoderm and endoderm, which are called mesoderm.
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Although appearing very different, these movements might be related to the invagination of mesodermal and endodermal anlagen, and ventral condensation and extension of the germ band in the Drosophila embryo.
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It is possible that a proportion of ammonium fed to maize roots enters the symplast at the endodermis and is incorporated into amino acids within the pericycle which results in it becoming acidotic.
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They had never been found elsewhere but in the intestinal epithelium and this phenomenon supports the theory that EC cells are derived from endoderm.
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In addition, the host pericycle and endodermis in contact with abortive haustoria were deformed in many cases.
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Using Lankester's terms epiblast, hypoblast and mesoblast for the embryonic germ layers, Balfour described chick ectoderm and endoderm for the first time in English.
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These layers include the epidermis, an exodermis in roots where it is differentiated, several layers of cortex cells, the endodermis, pericycle, xylem parenchyma cells and finally the vessels.
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The branchial arches begin as cylindrical cores of mesenchyme sandwiched between continuous sheets of epidermal ectoderm and internal endoderm.
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The chemical composition of cell walls from endodermis and hypodermis was analysed.
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The anthozoans are diploblastic animals developing from two epithelial germ cell layers: the ectoderm, facing the seawater, and the endoderm, facing the gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron.
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In addition, they act as messengers, bearing molecular orders to the mesoderm and endoderm which they contact on arrival.
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At the very early stages, the cells are lumped into 3 layers, called the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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This stage of differentiation consists in the formation of either a pouch or an additional layer between the ectoderm and the endoderm, which is called the mesoderm.
Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions
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In the terminal, proctodeal region of stage 10 embryos, bft transcripts appear in endodermal cells corresponding to the anlagen of the posterior spiracles, which also express Cut.
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In these corals, they are filled with symbiotic algae in the endodermal cell.
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One group, including amphioxus, lampreys, sturgeons and amphibians, displays the primitive condition, with holoblastic eggs and involution of the endoderm through a blastopore.
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The anthozoans are diploblastic animals developing from two epithelial germ cell layers: the ectoderm, facing the seawater, and the endoderm, facing the gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron.
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The pericycle and endodermis were both present, each as a single sheath of cells located between the cortex and stele.
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In the tertiary state of development endodermal cells deposit lignified cell wall material onto the suberin lamella.
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The prospective endoderm displaces the hypoblast and the mesoderm forms a layer between ectoderm and endoderm.
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It was shown by X-ray microanalysis that high [K +] and low [Na +] existed in the endodermal cells of alkali grass roots, suggesting this to be the tissue where Cs + inhibition occurs.
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This Keibel ascribes to the fact that the endodermal part is almost functionless.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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Most studies entailing isolation of intestinal epithelial cells invitro and subsequent grafting invivo have used intact undifferentiated fetal endoderm.
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Less coherent expression was detected in the endodermis of the root elongation zone, in the stem of the young inflorescence, pollen tubes, base of axillary buds, ovules, chalazal endosperm, and fruit abscission zone.
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Manova K, Chen WS, Hoodless P, Weinstein DC, et al. (1994) Expression of transcription factor HNF-4 in the extraembryonic endoderm, gut, and nephrogenic tissue of the developing mouse embryo: HNF-4 is a marker for primary endoderm in the implanting blastocyst.
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PcaCnox1 has an expression in the larva localised at the aboral pole in both the endoderm and the ectoderm
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Viotti M, Hadjantonakis AK (2008) The endoderm of the mouse embryo arises by dynamic widespread intercalation of embryonic and extraembryonic lineages.
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The length of the largest starch grains was measured from three cells of the endodermis per cross-section with a micrometer ocular.
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The endodermis surrounding the vascular cylinder of the corm effectively blocked outward diffusion of the solutes.
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Grafted walnuts show callus growth from the cambium, and also from the pith of stems and the endodermis of the root.
Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Guelph, Ontario, September 3, 4, 5, 1947
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In maize, endodermal cells are also involved in lateral root formation, giving rise to the newly formed epidermis and columella, while the remaining root-types are formed by the pericycle.
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The point to remember is, that in all cases a gastrula is an open sac composed of two layers of cells -- the outer layer being called the ectoderm, and the inner the endoderm.
Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions
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Mobilization of calcium from the yolk begins early in embryonic chickens and is facilitated by the calcium binding protein calbindin-D28K in endodermal cells of the yolk splanchnopleure.
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The tumor demonstrated predominantly mature ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal elements.
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These microRNAs seem to move out of the endodermis as signaling molecules.
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Cells of the C5 line expressed traditional markers of extraembryonic-endoderm (XEN) cells, in particular,
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Endoderm and mesoderm form from the lower layer of cells.
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Thus in many mammals the mesodermal part of the allantois often appears long before the endodermal part, though this is phylogenetically older.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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In this tissue, therefore, the fate of some of the cells has been changed from prospective gut endoderm to mesoderm and ectoderm.
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Endoderm is not, however, representative of small intestine of later developmental stages.
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Although appearing very different, these movements might be related to the invagination of mesodermal and endodermal anlagen, and ventral condensation and extension of the germ band in the Drosophila embryo.
Nobel Lecture The Identification Of Genes Controlling Development In Flies And Fishes
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According to Haeckel, the origin of the generative products in the mesoderm is a heterotopic phenomenon, for he considers that they must have originated phylogenetically in one of the two primary layers, ectoderm or endoderm.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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The researchers discovered that a protein molecule called SHORTROOT moves from the vascular cylinder to the endodermis, an inner skin within the root.
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These grow inward and eventually fuse to form the endoderm of the midgut, while ectoderm is dragged inward behind them at each end to form the foregut and the hindgut.
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Ectoderm becomes skin and nerves, endoderm becomes the gut and organs such as the liver, pancreas and thymus, and mesoderm becomes muscle, bones and blood.
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Neither ectodermal nor endodermal components were identified in the sections examined.
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The most interesting and most perplexing question is how ectodermal glands can be derived from what has been thought to be endodermal and mesodermal derivatives.
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These basic elements he named endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, for they seemed to derive from the three layers of the human embryo, the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm.
The Civic Platform - A Political Journal of Ideas and Analysis
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Thus, then, the coloring matter described as chlorophyl by Lankester has really been mainly derived from that of the endodermal algæ of the variety _plumosa_, which predominates at Naples; while the anthea-green of Krukenberg must mainly consist of the green pigment of the ectoderm, since the Trieste variety evidently does not contain algæ in any great quantity.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882
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CheMox expression is restricted to endodermal tissues, in particular areas of the gastrovascular system.
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After neurulation, paired cavities called Hatschek's diverticula (possible pituitary homologue) form in the head endoderm.
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Thus in many mammals the mesodermal part of the allantois often appears long before the endodermal part, though this is phylogenetically older.
Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology
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On analysis of freeze-dried sections of flower stem, these cells were identified as large, elongated cells situated between the phloem of every vascular bundle and the endodermis.
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These basic elements he named endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, for they seemed to derive from the three layers of the human embryo, the endoderm, the mesoderm and the ectoderm.
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Impregnation of endodermal and hypodermal walls with suberin and lignin should reduce the diameter of interfibrillar spaces.
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We have previously obtained a clonal population of cells from human foreskin that is able to differentiate into mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal progenies.
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The endodermis is exceedingly thickened, especially on the inner walls, and very porose.
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Altogether these findings suggest that all of the cell lines examined in these studies are similar to extra-embryonic endodermal lineages and probably represent mixed populations of PrE derivatives.
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Most studies entailing isolation of intestinal epithelial cells invitro and subsequent grafting invivo have used intact undifferentiated fetal endoderm.
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The branchial arches begin as cylindrical cores of mesenchyme sandwiched between continuous sheets of epidermal ectoderm and internal endoderm.
