How To Use Chromophore In A Sentence
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Our first paper on Cypridina luciferin was published in 1957, although the chromophore structure of luciferin remained to be elucidated.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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Lasers with wavelengths of 600-1100 nm (such as the ruby, alexandrite, and diode) penetrate deeply and are absorbed by eumelanin in the hair shaft and follicle, which is thought to be the target chromophore.
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The amounts of chromophore (that correspond to amounts of matured protein) were equalized among samples, absorption spectra for the native proteins were collected.
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Confirmation of chromophore adsorption to spheres was done by centrifuging chromophore-sphere preparations and remeasuring absorption and fluorescence spectra of the supernatant.
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At that time, however, it was commonly believed that expressing the cDNA in living organisms would not produce fluorescent GFP, because the formation of its chromophore requires the reactions of condensation and dehydrogenation that are not expected to occur spontaneously.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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Some other dye systems are based on the chromophores triphenylmethane, xanthene, anthroquinone, indigo, and phthalocyanine.
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Other halogenated compounds, such as trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethane, bromoform and iodoacetate, but not trifluoroacetate, will also react with the excited state indole chromophores in a similar reaction.
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If the disappearance of the jellyfish had occurred 20 years earlier, we wouldn't have been able to learn the mechanism of the aequorin bioluminescence reaction, as well as the chromophore of GFP.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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The family of yellow fluorescent proteins was initiated after the crystal structure of green fluorescent protein revealed that threonine residue 203 (Thr203) was near the chromophore.
Archive 2005-10-01
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The mechanism was that enzyme system destroyed the chromophore of dyes.
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However, the pKa in the range of physiological pH values ensures a high dynamic range of fluorescence modulation by any mechanism based on a distortion of the protonic equilibrium of the chromophore.
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Molecular chromophores besides melanin abound in the skin and include keratin, collagen, elastin, proteins, lipids, steroids and urocanic acid to name a few.
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Some of the dyes to which chromophores give a vibrant color are naphthol yellow, vat blue, congo red, and methylene blue.
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Fading occurs when any chemical process breaks the sequence of conjugated double bonds constituting the chromophore - the dye moiety that imparts colour.
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The covalent linkage of the chromophore by copolymerization with MMA does not significantly alter its photophysics.
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One of the major practical applications of chromophore chemistry is in the manufacture of synthetic dyes, or dyestuffs, for textiles.
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A specialized type of linker polypeptides, the chromophoric γ subunits, are responsible for the association of B-PE molecules in the rod elements, whereas they are absent in b-PEs The evolution of PBPs, from APC to PC and to PE, is accompanied by the diversity and increasing number of chromophores
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This effect is likely due to selective photobleaching of the red chromophores in DsRed, resulting in observable fluorescence from the green state.
Archive 2005-10-01
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It was generally assumed that formation of its chromophore would require enzymes specific to A. victoria, but there was one GFP believer named Martin Chalfie who had a different view.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 - Presentation Speech
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While researchers have discovered all colored compounds do indeed contain one or more chromophores, not all chromophore containing compounds are colored.
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Fret results from weak nonradiative coupling of two chromophores (acting as a donor and an acceptor, respectively) bound to the macromolecules.
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The third act of the GFP story began in 1994, when Roger Tsien explained how the chromophore of GFP can form spontaneously in the presence of oxygen and engineered a GFP variant with blue fluorescence, demonstrating that point mutations in the primary structure of GFP can modulate its fluorescence emission spectrum.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 - Presentation Speech
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If the disappearance of the jellyfish had occurred 20 years earlier, we wouldn't have been able to learn the mechanism of the aequorin bioluminescence reaction, as well as the chromophore of GFP.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores," J. Biol.
Roger Y. Tsien - Autobiography
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Moreover, this spectrum is strikingly similar to the terminal spectrum measured after photoionization of the isolated PYP chromophore in solution.
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Without Chelex, nicking may also involve a second mechanism that is relatively unsusceptible to radical quenching-perhaps via the formation of chromophores that may directly initiate DNA cleavage with UV-A excitation.
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Visual pigments are composed of a light-absorbing chromophore that is bound to the protein opsin.
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A summary statement of possible differences between the photochemistry of simple organic compounds and protein-bound chromophores appears appropriate here.
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The positive charge of the chromophore is localized primarily in the imine region of the chromophore and is stabilized by two nearby aspartic acid residues.
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The low-dielectric properties of the microsphere appear to dominate the spectroscopic properties of the hydrophobic chromophores.
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The unique properties of this chromophore provide a powerful tool (particularly in single-tryptophan proteins) to learn about these biopolymers without introducing the perturbation of an external probe.
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Accordingly, both the stereochemistry of and the steric hindrance around the interactive hydroxyl group crucially affect the supramolecular structure of the self-assembled chromophores.
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Apparently the monocyclic geometry leads to stronger interactions between peptide and chromophore extending also to longer times.
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Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores," J. Biol.
Roger Y. Tsien - Autobiography
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In acid dyes, which are good for dyeing wool, silk, and acrylics, the chromophores are part of a negative ion.
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The reddish purple open chain tetrapyrrole pigment phycoerythrobilin max 550 nm) is an essential chromophore of the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins of most cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptomonads.
Journal of Biological Chemistry current issue
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Before leaving Princeton, I elucidated the chromophore of GFP (Shimomura, 1979).
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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Consequently, there may be a layer of fluid water around the chromophore that rearranges upon excitation.
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As the chromophore is a polyene, there are several double bonds capable of isomerization.
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Fading occurs when any chemical process breaks the sequence of conjugated double bonds constituting the chromophore - the dye moiety that imparts colour.
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Its chromophore structure is also very simple: the conjugate base of p-hydroxythiocinnamate.
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The similarity of action spectra for thymine dimers in human epidermis and erythema suggests that DNA is the chromophore for erythema.
Potential impacts of direct mechanisms of climate change on human health in the Arctic
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Chromophores interact with light in a unique way because they contain conjugated bonds, which consist of a network of alternating double and single bonds.
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The effect of the protein is modeled as an external field acting on the unperturbed eigenstates of the chromophore.
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In 1972, back at Princeton, we succeeded in determining the structure of AF350, a part of the aequorin chromophore.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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The fluorescence measured by the fluorimeter is the sum of autofluorescence from natural chromophores in the skin and PpIX fluorescence.
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In the second basic photocycle step, the chromophore is protonated and structural changes take place in the protein.
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Benzene compounds with which chromophores are combined are known as chromogens.
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This prevents the chromophore from migrating within the polymer while simultaneously improving the efficiency of energy transfer to the chromophore.
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At that time, however, it was commonly believed that expressing the cDNA in living organisms would not produce fluorescent GFP, because the formation of its chromophore requires the reactions of condensation and dehydrogenation that are not expected to occur spontaneously.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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We trace which amino acids contact the chromophore of rhodopsin.
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FMN is positioned asymmetrically within the junctional site and is specifically bound to RNA through interactions with the isoalloxazine ring chromophore and direct and Mg2+-mediated contacts with the phosphate moiety.
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A protein-bound polyene chromophore is not the same as a polyene trapped within the cavity of an amorphous solid.
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They possess a common chromophore, retinal, that upon absorption of light isomerizes and thereby triggers biological functions ranging from light energy conversion to phototaxis and vision.
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We show that spectroscopy of such chromophores can be done by adsorption to polystyrene microspheres and nanospheres in aqueous suspension.
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Dr. Roger Tsien of University of California, San Diego, engineered GFP by modifying the amino acid residues surrounding the chromophore, producing many different fluorescent proteins that emit various colors, from blue to red.
Osamu Shimomura - Autobiography
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Clearly, the binding to DNA effectively shields the chromophores from quenching by nitromethane, consistent with an intimate association of the compounds with the nucleic acid.
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These single - and double-cone sensitivities were estimated based on two assumptions: (1) the visual pigment λ max for each gene is the same for all species; and (2) the chromophore is A1 (11 - cis retinal) for all species.
PLoS Biology: New Articles
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This implies that chromophore protonation precedes the exposure of hydrophobic surface.
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The team used chromophores with very large two-photon absorption cross sections to develop photoactive materials, and tuned the laser to excite the dyes.
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[RT] And that's a strange paradoxical phenomenon because we discovered that almost any mutation of one amino acid right next to the chromophore will shift it to being all of one or all of the other – either all UV or all blue.
Roger Y. Tsien - Interview
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In our previous study on vibrational relaxation in HRP the relaxation time varied in the range of 1-10 ps for different vibrational modes of pyrrole tautomers of the chromophore.
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The UV absorbing coatings have a silane - or silane-derived chromophore or a combination of a silane - or siloxane-based material and a chromophore, which chromophores absorb UV light at about 300 to about 400 nm.
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More particularly, the silane - or siloxane-based chromophore is
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