How To Use Chromatid In A Sentence
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A double crossover involving one linear chromatid and both chromatids of the circular chromosome generates a linear trimer.
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We observed 28 breaks of the chromatid type, 13 of chromosome type and 10 dicentrics.
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Significantly, this is only two mitoses removed from the initiation of the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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Ring chromosomes, chromatid exchanges and polyploidies were also observed at some treatments.
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Early in meiosis, each pair of homologs comes together to form a tetrad containing two pairs of sister chromatids.
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Chromatid breaks, fragments, sister chromatid union, dicentric chromosomes and gaps were observed with all concentrations of karathane LC at both treatment times.
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In the following anaphase, passage of the centromeres to opposite poles would produce two chromatid bridges.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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Ring chromosomes, chromatid exchanges and polyploidies were also observed at some treatments.
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Therefore, these stocks were used to test if a presumed silent Dt element could be activated by the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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One hundred randomly selected metaphase cells were scored for the presence of chromatid gaps and breaks.
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Sodium arsenite was also shown to produce increased sister chromatid exchange in CEO cells and increased chromosome breakage in human lymphocytes.
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The dicentric chromosome, produced by the crossover, initiates the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge - cycle.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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Some cellular mutations occuring in transformed cells may even be virus-induced, because in the early stages of transformation by papova viruses cells of primary cultures have frequent chromatid breaks (39).
Renato Dulbecco - Nobel Lecture
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On average, each double-crossover bivalent produces one double-crossover chromosome (of four) in the absence of chromatid interference.
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The analysis of structural aberrations included chromatid and chromosome breaks, appearance of acentric fragments, dicentric chromosomes and chromatid exchanges (tetraradius forms).
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Various forms of a gene at a given locus are called chiasmata alleles autosomes loci chromatids
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Entrance of a newly ruptured end of a chromosome into the zygote is followed by the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle throughout mitoses in the developing plant.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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A further level of complexity is added in germ cells where homologous chromosomes pair and segregate in meiosis I and sister chromatids remain associated until meiosis II.
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In fact, an increase in both spontaneous chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange after chemotherapy treatment has been reported by several authors.
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Double reduction is a phenomenon that two sister chromatids of a chromosome sort into the same gamete.
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At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.
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One is the nonreciprocal transfer of information of both DNA strands of a donor chromatid to a chromatid of the homologous chromosome.
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The frequencies of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei have been found to be elevated in peripheral lymphocytes of chromium electroplating workers.
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During meiosis I, the replicated sister chromatids pair with their homologs but segregate as a single unit.
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The terminalizing chromatid strands cannot pass through the nucleolus.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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In the spore, passage to opposite poles of the two centromeres of this newly created dicentric chromosome again produced a chromatid bridge that was again ruptured.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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The paper makes an observation and statistical study of 28 cases in drinking group and 22 cases in control group with peripheric blood of lymphatic sister chromatid exchanges (SCE).
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At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.
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In the spore, passage to opposite poles of the two centromeres of this newly created dicentric chromosome again produced a chromatid bridge that was again ruptured.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.
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There a somatic genetic principle was established whereby mitotic chromosome replication produces sister chromatids that are different from one another.
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In metaphase, chromatid fragments are attached to the homologous area of the sister chromatid while acentric chromosome fragments are apart from their chromosome of origin.
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Any bias in the segregation of one or the other of a pair of homologous chromosomes or chromatids between the oocyte and the polar body can have a dramatic effect on the genetic makeup of a population.
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Late prophase I. nuclear envelope dissolves nucleolus completely disappears crossing over of chromatids within bivalents may occur to form a chiasma (pl. chiasmata) spindle is formed at end
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Biogenesis becomes reproduction; re - production becomes cellular; cell division becomes mitotic; chromosomes split longitudinally, or put more accurately, they replicate themselves, since each new chromosome is no half-chromosome but a chromosome entire; and finally, the substituent elements of the chromosomes, whether visible chromatids or invisible genes, are held likewise to replicate themselves.
GENETIC CONTINUITY
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Crossing over The exchange of material between homologous chromatids by the formation of chiasmata.
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During meiosis I, the replicated sister chromatids pair with their homologs but segregate as a single unit.
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At the beginning of prophase the chromosomes each consist of two highly condensed chromatids attached to each other at a centromere .
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The rate at which heterozygosity is lost depends on the extent to which chromosomes and chromatids segregate randomly during anaphase.
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It was soon learned that the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, initiated at a meiotic anaphase, will continue during the development of the pollen grain and the embryo sac.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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The rupture occurred, in the first instance, at a meiotic anaphase in each parent, and the ruptured end then underwent the succession of mitotic anaphase breaks associated with the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle during the development of the male and female gametophytes -- the pollen grain and the embryo sac.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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All 40 chromosomes of mouse oocytes are telocentric, so homologs form bivalents in meiosis I while sister chromatids form univalents in meiosis II
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When no telomere is present, attempts to replicate this uncapped end may be responsible for the apparent "fusions" of the replicated chromatids at the position of the previous break as well as for perpetuating the chromatid type of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle in successive mitoses.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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Thus, in these three cases the distal end of the P element inserted into either the homolog or the sister chromatid in the direction of the centromere to create a dicentric chromosome.
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The results are expressed as per cent aberrant cells, chromatid and chromosome breaks, dicentrics, centric rings, exchanges, acentric fragments, total aberrations, polyploidy and SDC in Tables I - III.
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These effects include the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange.