How To Use Chordate In A Sentence
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The cephalochordate amphioxus is the closest living invertebrate relative of the vertebrates and therefore the best model organism for understanding the composition of the ancestral chordate genome.
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Janvier agrees that gills, and perhaps the external branchial skeleton, are primitive to the chordates.
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The Cambrian Explosion, for example, is the first time we are able to distinguish a chordate from an arthropod.
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FGFRL1, the gene for the fifth member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, is found in all vertebrates from fish to man and in the cephalochordate amphioxus.
BioMed Central - Latest articles
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Hemichordates are distinguished by a tripartite division of the body.
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The timing of expansion coincides with proposed large-scale duplication event in the chordate lineage.
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Organisms along the lines of the cephalochordate amphioxus use the gill apparatus for filter feeding.
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The authors added many new hemichordate and urochordate taxa to the database and found strongly supported relationships among the major deuterostome groups.
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And yes the point is the soldier is part of the Army, Corps, Division, etc just as a human is an animal, chordate, etc.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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The phylogenic analysis implies that the multiple actinin isoforms found in modern vertebrates arose after the divergence of the vertebrate and urochordate lineages.
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Some DNA-based studies of evolution suggest that hemichordates are actually closer to echinoderms than to true chordates.
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For instance, adult urochordates are typically sessile, while many vertebrates are quite active.
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Evidence for the hemichordate affinity of the extinct graptolites has been steadily amassing.
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Many tunicates have a larva that is free-swimming and exhibits all chordate characteristics: it has a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail.
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Another character that unites the chordates is the pharyngeal arches and pouches sometimes inaccurately called gill arches and gill slits.
Haeckel had a point - The Panda's Thumb
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Arthropods, chordates and annelids are the three segmented phyla in the animal kingdom.
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The snake belongs to chordate phyla, vertebrate, reptile, squamata, serpents, in the animal kingdom.
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Though brains don't normally fossilize, we do have a great deal of fossil evidence revealing the long evolutionary history of chordates.
Assessing Fault
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However, temporal colinearity of Hox gene expression and compact Hox clusters have so far only been described in the cephalochordate, amphioxus, and in vertebrates, but not in Cnidaria, Lophotrochozoa, or Ecdysozoa.
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Included in this clade are three very different-looking phyla - the echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates.
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It's just one of the many peculiarities of being a chordate on Sol's 3rd rock.
Contentment
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We still have no fossil evidence of the nature of the transition between cephalochordates and craniates.
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A data dump now about problems with metazoan (or chordate or mammalian) phylogeny would be getting ahead of the discussion.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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Arthropods, chordates and annelids are the three segmented phyla in the animal kingdom.
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There are two classes of hemichordate, the pterobranchs and the enteropneusts, which differ greatly in appearance and lifestyle.
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Most members of the chordate phylum, those in the subphylum Vertebrata, replace the notochord with vertebrae (the backbone) later in development to support the pelvic and pectoral girdles (to which the front and hind limbs are attached) and to protect the spinal cord.
Haeckel had a point - The Panda's Thumb
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They are a sister phylum to the chordates, and the similarities and differences between us tell us something about our last common ancestor, the ur-deuterostome.
The Panda's Thumb: January 2006 Archives
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Arthropods, chordates and annelids are the three segmented phyla in the animal kingdom.
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Although they retain the chordate characters as adults gill slits are present only in the embryonic stages of land vertebrates.
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In chordates, collectins initiate the lectin cascade through members of the mannose-binding protein (MBP)—associated protease (MASP)/C1r/C1s family.
The sea urchin genome - The Panda's Thumb
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Chordates are divided into urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates.
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They lack two others, the notochord and post-anal tail, hence the name hemichordate.
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Surely a more penetrating expedition into invertebrate diversity was required to dig up the precursors of the chordate characteristics.
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This suggests that the disruption observed is specific to the urochordate lineage.
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The finding is of particular relevance to the fossils of ancient chordates - animals that develop a characteristic rod-like support structure known as a notochord at some point during their lives.
Scientific American
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Color changing or metachromatism or metachrosis is common in chordates and in vertebrates such as fish, amphibians and in some types of lizards.
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In those chordates which lack bone, muscles work against the notochord to move the animal.
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ther diminishes the credibility of the cephalochordate—echinoderm link
Ascidian evo-devo - The Panda's Thumb
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The urochordates or tunicates are sessile (attached to the bottom) marine filter-feeders, and rather sponge-like as adults.
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A chordate marine animal of the subphylum a tunicate.
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The change in the albedo of the world as dark plants spread and white clouds rained themselves away brought more and more habitats into use, and before long the chordate fauna of Earth was once again upon a pristine world, humanless and safer here on Garden than for the last ten thousand years on its world of origin.
Pathfinder
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Amphioxus is a primitive chordate, more primitive than lampreys, that clot their haemolymph.
The Panda's Thumb: Ian Musgrave Archives
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In the invertebrate cephalochordate Amphioxus, there is a family of very immunoglobulin like-molecules, Variable domain Chitin Binding Proteins, which are involved in innate immunity.
Stuck on you, biological Velcro and the evolution of adaptive immunity - The Panda's Thumb
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Thus amphioxus is the only chordate species in which distinct insulin and IGF genes have not been found.
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Size comparisons between living and extinct hemichordate zooids are not conclusive evidence, however, as it is easy to imagine a small, hypothetical, zooid that possessed multiple tentaculated arms.
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A chordate marine animal of the subphylum Urochordata; a tunicate.
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Lastly, all chordates have a post-anal tail, or extension of the notochord and nerve cord past the anus.
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The ‘quilt’ itself was probably the collagenous basement membrane of a dorsal unit acting both as a hydraulic skeleton and muscular locomotory organ perhaps analogous to the set of myomeres in chordates.
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The coming availability of multiple invertebrate chordate genomes Broad has completed another Ciona species and JGI has sequenced the lancelet will doubtless catalyze the discovery of more interesting changes that led to “vertebrate” features.
Insight Into Eye Evolution Deals Blow To Intelligent Design - The Panda's Thumb
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Unfortunately there are no living fenestrate hemichordate species.
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The molecular phylogeny does agree in one respect with the morphological one in that there are close similarities between the larvae of hemichordates (acorn worms and pterobranchs) and some echinoderms.
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Thus, characters shared by chaetognaths and chordates are only those shared by all triploblastic metazoans and resolution of affinities depends upon adopting a preferred hypothesis of relationship.
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Their report that urochordates are comprised of 4 discrete lineages holds interesting implications for understanding the evolution of tadpole morphology and chordate life history.
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In particular, there is a significant phylogenetic gap in information for the urochordates, a subphylum near the invertebrate-vertebrate transition.
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In summary, the cephalochordate affinity of Pikaia is at best only weakly indicated by the characters visible in fossils discovered so far.
Down with phyla! (episode II) - The Panda's Thumb
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The hemichordate sequences always contained considerable support for both hypotheses.
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In the middle is a cephalochordate, Amphioxus, also a filter feeder, but capable of free swimming.
Ascidian evo-devo - The Panda's Thumb
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In the animal kingdom there are many phyla, and the mammals come into a phylum called the chordates.
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Into the early 1990s most researchers and evidence suggested that the deuterostomes were composed of chordates, hemichordates, echinoderms, chaetognaths, and lophophorates.
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For example, the notochord is a character that provides internal structural support and unites all members of the phylum Chordata or chordates, animals with notochords and pharyngeal arches, among other characteristics.
Haeckel had a point - The Panda's Thumb
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Amphioxus is a primitive chordate, more primitive than lampreys, that clot their haemolymph.
The Panda's Thumb: Ian Musgrave Archives
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Comparison of their photoreceptive cells with those of the chordates corroborated such a phylogenetic position.
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Here we are with an echinoderm, a mollusc, and a chordate.
Steve Steve and the Pirates and Philosophers of the Prairie - The Panda's Thumb
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In contrast, a region deep in the brain associated with reward processing, attention and motor movements - the chordate nucleus - was enlarged in subjects who were addicted to the drug.
Cocaine addiction linked to brain abnormalities
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We chordates are deuterostomes, as are echinoderms, some marine worms called hemichordates, and the urochordates, or sea squirts.
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Most biologists are familiar with only a few of the approximately 40 extant animal phyla such as annelids, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms and chordates.
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The origin of vertebrates has always been a core question in evolutionary biology. It is well accepted that vertebrates and invertebrate chordate derived from a common ancestor.
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Molecular phylogenies have suggested that hemichordates are in fact a sister lineage to the echinoderms.
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As an initial matter, the echinoderms and chordate phyla have been arranged in almost every possible phylogenetic order.
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The anatomy of ray-finned fish shows many of the characteristics common to all chordates: pharyngeal slits, a nerve cord, and body wall muscles arranged in myotomes, or segmented blocks.
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Scenarios of pituitary evolution traditionally focused on the base of the chordates consistent with the exclusively chordate nature of the pituitary structure.
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In similar reciprocal comparisons assuming minimum evolution, the arthropod map is united with the chordate map by three transformations.
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However, comparison of these extant hemichordates with the erect, fenestrate colonies of Dictyonema is problematical.
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The cephalochordates include only about twenty species of two genera of organisms commonly called amphioxus.
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Enteropneusta exhibit chordate (vertebrate) affinities in respect of the coelomic, skeletal and nervous systems as well as in regard to the respiratory system, and, further, that the gill-slits are formed upon a plan similar to that of the gill-slits of _Amphioxus_, being subdivided by tongue-bars which depend from the dorsal borders of the slits.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy"
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They are small fish-like organisms in which the chordate characters are retained in the adult.
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Into the early 1990s most researchers and evidence suggested that the deuterostomes were composed of chordates, hemichordates, echinoderms, chaetognaths, and lophophorates.
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These data further support the hypothesis that duplication and differentiation giving rise to cardiac and skeletal genes occurred following divergence of the urochordate and vertebrate ancestors.
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Above all, the appearance of diverse chordates and agnathans greatly expands our knowledge of the Cambrian explosion.
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A data dump now about problems with metazoan (or chordate or mammalian) phylogeny would be getting ahead of the discussion.
A Disclaimer for Behe?
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In hemichordates, the three adult coelomic cavities are derived from coelomic sacs that form around the gut of the larva (an unpaired protocoel and two pairs of sacs for the mesocoel and metacoel).
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Instead, they are the result of what happens when you fuse an ancient chordate with the ancestor of a sea urchin .
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Data concerning key evolutionary invertebrate and vertebrate groups, the protochordates, chondrichthyes and cyclostomes, are essential to establish evolutionary patterns of the peptides.
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Notochords are the axial skeleton of invertebrate chordates (cephalochordates, appendicularians, and tadpole larvae of ascidians), of agnathan fish, and of amphibian tadpoles.
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The zooplankton include chordate jellyfishes known as ‘salps,’ which are among the fastest-growing multicellular organisms on the planet.
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Arthropods, chordates and annelids are the three segmented phyla in the animal kingdom.
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On land, there's only three phyla, all nonchordates - if you don't count man.
THE DISPOSSESSED
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Amphioxus, a cephalochordate, widely considered as the closest living invertebrate relatives of the vertebrates.
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Unfortunately, a change in the genetic code of the mitochondrial genome in both enteropneusts and echinoderms strongly rejects chordate affinities of the hemichordates.
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In non-chordate inverebrates, opsin is linked via the adaptor protein to an enzyme called phospholipase C, and in chordates and vertebrates, it is linked to a phosphodiesterase enzyme.
Blind Mice vs Behe; the Evolution of Vision - The Panda's Thumb
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Notably, the oldest known Early Cambrian chordate Yunnanozoon had its metameric muscular units located dorsally of the notochord, although its body was laterally compressed.
