How To Use Cholinergic In A Sentence
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Both antihistamines and anticholinergics can have anticholinergic side effects, including dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, and exacerbation of narrow-angle glaucoma.
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Robertson RT, Gallardo KA, Claytor KJ, Ha DH, Ku KH, et al. (1998) Neonatal treatment with 192 IgG-saporin produces long-term forebrain cholinergic deficits and reduces dendritic branching and spine density of neocortical pyramidal neurons.
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Our data cofirm previous evidences, that long-term neuronal consequences of high-dose cholinergic activation are not necessarily derived from prolonged seizure activation (as seen in SE)
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Anticholinergics have been used in an attempt to decrease gastric secretions and increase pH. As with the use of nasogastric tubes, anticholinergics do not decrease hospital stay or pain.
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He found that the psychotomimetic ingredient in all of them was some kind of anticholinergic alkaloid—very similar to atropine and scopolamine.
Over the Edge
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Dry mouth, which can be brought on by neuroleptics, antidepressants, and anticholinergics, may worsen the problem.
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Like cholinergic urticaria, variant exercise-induced anaphylaxis produces small, punctate, erythematous papules and is associated with increased plasma histamine levels.
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Thus, in 1914, anticholinergics by injection or inhalation were considered as first-line asthma therapies.
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The administration of antihypertensive and anticholinergic medications also impairs salivary functions and promotes xerostomia.
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Its anticholinergic ancestor, ipratropium or Atrovent was taken twice a day.
Spiriva and Stroke-FDA's warning may be too much (or too soon) information
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Scopolamine and hyoscyamine are most concentrated in the seeds and can cause anticholinergic poisoning in exposed persons.
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Elderly patients should not be treated with tertiary amines because of the greater anticholinergic effects of these agents.
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Similar studies need to be done to evaluate the role of the cholinergic nerves in the gastric response to intragastric ethanol.
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They dismiss conventional medical treatment with anticholinergic drugs as inconvenient, unpleasant, and temporary, and they say that patients usually stop using anticholinergic drugs because of a dry mouth.
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They can sometimes be controlled by anticholinergic or antiparkinsonian medications.
Law In The Health and Human Services
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This agent crosses the blood-brain barrier and thereby reverses both central and peripheral effects of the abused anticholinergic drug.
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Treatments for early, mild Alzheimer's disease, such as donepezil, improve the activity of neurons in the cholinergic system that use acetylcholine to transmit signals.
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Sir Bernard Katz 'discoveries concerning the mechanism for the release of the transmitter acetylcholine from the nerve terminals at the nerve-muscle junction, under the influence of the nerve impulses, are fundamental not only for the understanding of the so-called cholinergic transmission, but are also of primary importance for our knowledge about the synaptic transmission between the nerve cells in the central nervous system.
Physiology or Medicine 1970 - Press Release
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They recommend anticholinergics and antihistamines for the treatment of nausea associated with vertigo or motion sickness.
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Probably the most common medications used for the treatment of incontinence fall into the general category of anticholinergics or drugs designed to ‘relax’ the bladder.
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Use of the anticholinergic drug atropine during tap-water iontophoresis sometimes is helpful, but extreme caution is necessary to avoid toxicity from atropine overdose.
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The disease-induced destruction of these cells, which are called "basal forebrain cholinergic" BFC neurons, is key to the progression of Alzheimer's.
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Most of the clinically significant symptoms of dissociatives are produced by presynaptic dopamine stimulation and cholinergic antagonism.
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Evidence from both species supports the conclusion that the excitation derives from glutamatergic premotor interneurones and cholinergic homonymous motorneurones.
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Temburni, MK, et al. Receptor Targeting and Heterogeneity at interneuronal nicotinic cholinergic synapses in vivo.
T.S. Wiley: Estrogen Dilemma: There Is No Dilemma When You Know the Details
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Neuronal Transmission, Cellular Excitability, and Calcium Signaling The many markers involved in the assembly, function and / or regulation of neurotransmitter receptors, included several related to peptidergic, aminergic, and cholinergic signaling, and suggested that HVC is a major target of neuromodulation by these pathways (
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Note: Fexofenadine (Allegra) and cetirizine (Zyrtec) are antihistamines without anti-cholinergic effects, but may cause sedation.
Leo Galland, M.D.: Over-The-Counter Drugs That Can Cause Memory Loss
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anticholinergic drugs
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Until further research in primary care settings is performed, there is little evidence to guide family physicians in the choice of anticholinergic medications for urge incontinence.
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Anti-cholinergic drugs, such as ipratropium bromide dilate airways.
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However, the effect of chronic treatment with anticholinergics on airway remodeling, responsiveness, and changes in lung function in patients with asthma is thus far unclear.
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For many patients the onset of EPS is gradual, and if it occurs, can be treated with anticholinergic medication.
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The symptoms of anticholinergic overdose may be treated with physostigmine in a dosage of 1 to 2 mg given intramuscularly or intravenously at 20-minute intervals.
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If these measures are not successful, an anticholinergic drug may control the pain.
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These "anticholinergic" medications include some older antidepressants like Elavil, as well as some antihistamines, painkillers, muscle relaxants, antispasmotics and incontinence drugs.
'Neurobics' and Other Brain Boosters
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We also learn about cholinergic and aminergic systems and many other things that are not found by my computer's artificially intelligent English spell-checking system-or referenced again by the author.
Adrian Monck
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The active ingredients in this were alkaloids of belladonna, which we now know had the effect of inhibiting cholinergic neurotransmission and thereby reflex bronchoconstriction.
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Short-term use of anticholinergics or antidiarrheal agents may be effective in combating incontinence associated with diarrhea.
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These drugs are called anticholinergics and include oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium chloride, and propiverine.
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Therapeutic trials include those with proton pump inhibitors, prokinetic agents, mucosal protectants, anticholinergics and low-dose antidepressants.
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Thus, in 1914, anticholinergics by injection or inhalation were considered as first-line asthma therapies.
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He thought for a minute and added, ‘So, if we improve cognition by increasing acetylcholine, it makes sense that anticholinergic drugs can make dementia a lot worse.’
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Although statistically significant, the differences between anticholinergic drugs and placebo were small, apart from the increased rate of dry mouth in patients receiving active treatment.
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The inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase failed to inhibit this response, and it also did not potentiate the reflex cholinergic contractions of the trachea produced by bradykinin.
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The EFS was applied under NANC conditions (in the presence of atropine (1 µM) and guanethidine (5 µM)) to block cholinergic and adrenergic responses to elicit nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory responses.
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John Garthwaite had just reported that nitric oxide was a neuro transmitter in the brain, and we wondered whether or not nitric oxide could be the neurotransmitter in the so called nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurons that were known to innervate the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle.
Louis J. Ignarro - Autobiography
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The active ingredients in this were alkaloids of belladonna, which we now know had the effect of inhibiting cholinergic neurotransmission and thereby reflex bronchoconstriction.
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Treatment: Allergy shots and antihistamines don't help, but nasal steroid sprays, anticholinergic inhalers, masks and breathing exercises may provide relief.
Adult Mystery: Sudden 'Allergy'
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This analeptic effect of MAP was blocked by atropine but not by atropine methylbromide, indicating the central cholinergic nature of the response.
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However, these patients are prone to ileus formation secondary to the anticholinergic effects of glutethimide.
Loads
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You will see that we are thus led to the conclusion that nearly all the efferent neurones of the whole peripheral nervous system are cholinergic; only the postganglionic fibres of the true sympathetic system are adrenergic, and not even all of these.
Sir Henry Dale - Nobel Lecture
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Maloney KJ, Mainville L, Jones BE (1999) Differential c-Fos expression in cholinergic, monoaminergic, and GABAergic cell groups of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum after paradoxical sleep deprivation and recovery.
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Medical management consists of maintenance therapy with anticholinergic inhibitors such as pyridostigmine to relieve symptoms and steroids to treat the autoimmunity.
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New medications, particularly anticholinergics and psychotropic medicines, should be the first suspects if there is a change in a patient's mental status.
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Tiotropium is in a class of drugs called anticholinergic bronchodilators, which prevent the airway spasms that can make breathing difficult.
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Older men with prostatic hypertrophy may benefit from alpha-blocker medications and should be watched for urinary retention if anticholinergic drugs are employed.
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ATLANTA, Feb. 4 (UPI) -- Health officials should be aware of the signs of anticholinergic toxicity and consider jimsonweed poisoning as a cause of illness, U.S. health officials say.
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'There are also drug treatments such as anticholinergic medicines, which stop the bladder from going into spasm,' she says.
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Postganglionic parasympathetic nerves mediate both cholinergic contractions and nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxations of smooth muscle in the airway.
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Ingestion of Ipomoea muricata (purple moonflower) might cause hallucinations and cholinergic effects such as diaphoresis, salivation, lacrimation, and diarrhea.
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The responsible nerves appear to include both excitatory cholinergic fibers and inhibitory fibers that probably release nitric oxide.
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Examples of anticholinergic drugs include atropine and ipratropium (Atrovent).
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The most typical side effect of anticholinergics is dry mouth; other side effects include blurred vision, constipation, nausea, dizziness, and headache.
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Concomitant use of anticholinergics and beta 2 agonists may be beneficial to the older patient
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Anticholinergics block muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle and possibly on submucosal gland cells.
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Medications with antihistamine properties, such as anticholinergic agents, phenothiazine, and tricyclic antidepressants, also should be discontinued before skin testing.
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However, these patients are prone to ileus formation secondary to the anticholinergic effects of glutethimide.
Loads
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Treatments for symptom relief: Drugs levodopa with carbidopa, anticholinergics, surgery and deep-brain stimulation
Drug Concerns in Parkinson's
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We also learn about cholinergic and aminergic systems and many other things that are not found by my computer's artificially intelligent English spell-checking system -- or referenced again by the author.
Garry Kasparov On 'Chess Metaphors': The Chess Master And The Computer
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The anticholinergic drug designed for administration by inhalation is ipratropium, which is designed to be poorly absorbed out of the lung.
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The medications most often used to help children with neurogenic bladder are called anticholinergics.
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Conclusion: The distributing charactristics of tree shrew forebrain cholinergic neurons were similar to those of rat and monkey.
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This study demonstrates that moderate to severe dry mouth is common in patients treated with anticholinergic drugs.
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The effects of morphine on the stomach are potentiated by cholinergic drugs.
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An excessive dose of this drug results in a cholinergic crisis.
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Medications that may worsen confusion include anticholinergics, analgesics, cimetidine, central nervous system depressants, lidocaine, and other medications.
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Pharmacologic treatment of overactive bladder symptoms is based on the use of anticholinergic drugs that block the parasympathetic pathways and reduce detrusor muscle contraction.
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In addition, cholinergic afferents can be stimulated by a variety of mediators involved in allergen-induced airway inflammation.
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Gervasoni D, Verret L, Goutagny R, Peyron C, et al. (2006) Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis: The switch from an aminergic-cholinergic to a GABAergic-glutamatergic hypothesis.
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No differences were found between the two groups in the proportion of patients taking anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, or apomorphine, nor in the average number of different types of drugs prescribed for Parkinson's disease.
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Main outcome measures: Numbers of elderly people with new prescriptions of highly anticholinergic antidepressants and less anticholinergic antidepressants.
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Thyrotoxicosis, anticholinergic drug poisoning, and amphetamine or cocaine use can result in signs of increased sympathetic activity and altered mental status.
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Antihistamine and anticholinergic drugs are relatively inexpensive.
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Because even small amounts can be fatal, anticholinergics constitute the most dangerous class of abused drugs.
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Belladonna—a plant that is believed to have anticholinergic activities—gets a "C" rating for its anti-sweat effectiveness from the Natural Standard Research Collaboration, a Cambridge, Mass., scientist-owned group that evaluates natural therapies.
Ways to Deal With a Sticky Underarm Situation
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The toxin also inhibits release of acetylcholine in all parasympathetic and cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic neurones.
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Nonetheless, the available anticholinergic drugs (atropine and ipratropium bromide) have limited effects, perhaps because of their nonselectivity.
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Common side effects of antipsychotics include sedation, anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia.
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The primary drug class is called anticholinergic or antimuscarinic.
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Moreover, anticholinergics do not appear to be effective for patients whose initial response to beta-agonists is impaired, and at this point, there is no clear consensus regarding their use.
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He then went on to study the release of norepinephrine from the adrenergic neurons in the ear artery by cholinergic agonists acting on prejunctional nicotinic receptors.
Robert F. Furchgott - Autobiography
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Fever and delirium in serious anticholinergic overdosage may progress to coma and, finally, to cardiac and respiratory depression.
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The toxin irreversibly binds to presynaptic cholinergic receptors at motor nerve terminals and is subsequently internalized.
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Huerta PT, Lisman JE (1993) Heightened synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 neurons during a cholinergically induced rhythmic state.
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Amantadine, anticholinergic drugs, selegiline, and non-pharmacological treatments (such as physical therapy) provide symptomatic relief in mildly affected patients.
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Participants in the study who were taking drugs with a combined score of more than 5 also showed cognitive decline - they scored more than 4% lower in cognitive function tests compared with those who were taking no anticholinergic drugs.
Over 65s who take more than one medicine should consult their doctors
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Acute care of an asthma exacerbation involves the use of inhaled [beta.sub.2] agonists delivered by a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer, or a nebulizer, supplemented by anticholinergics in more severe exacerbations.
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Agreement among guidelines is much greater regarding treatment - currently supporting the use of inhaled anticholinergics and antibiotics for initial treatment.
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Ketamine also indirectly interacts with a number of cellular receptors including the muscarinic, nicotinic, cholinergic, and opioid receptors.
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Tricyclic antidepressants, including amitriptyline, can cause weight gain, drowsiness, and anticholinergic symptoms.
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Saliva substitutes or systemic cholinergic drugs may be useful.
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Wybauw24, which seem to provide clear evidence that the antidromic vasodilatation, generally believed to be produced through peripheral axon branches from sensory fibres, also employs a cholinergic mechanism.
Sir Henry Dale - Nobel Lecture
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curare acts by blocking cholinergic transmission at the myoneural junction
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Despite these uncertainties, anticholinergics are increasingly being used in both primary care and secondary care for the treatment of overactive bladder, and this has considerable implications for resources.
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The resulting overstimulation of cholinergic receptors produces the clinical effects shown in the table.
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Returning to our clinical scenario, we would recommend that our five-year-old patient with a moderate asthma exacerbation receive anticholinergics in addition to the [beta.sub.2] agonists and oral steroid therapy.
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Common side effects of both older and newer antipsychotic drugs include akathisia - an experience of motor restlessness and jitteriness - and anticholinergic effects, such as sedation and delirium.
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When the patient has received an anticholinergic antiparkinsonian agent for extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics for at least several months, this drug can be discontinued abruptly with only a small risk of an extrapyramidal symptom relapse.
The Neuropsychiatric Guide to Modern Everyday Psychiatry
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Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin that blocks the cholinergic nerve terminals.
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AIM: This study was to utilize cholinergic antagonists to examine cholinergic pathway of soman-induced hypothermia.
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In each of these cases, once the iatrogenic etiology of this syndrome was recognized, the patients' symptoms improved rapidly and dramatically with administration of anticholinergic medication.
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This anticholinergic delirium is characterized by disorientation, clouding of consciousness, dilated pupils, dry skin, and a history of cyclic antidepressant drug ingestion.
The Neuropsychiatric Guide to Modern Everyday Psychiatry
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Many sufferers, though, find relief using inhalers with fast-acting anticholinergic agents, which block the nerve impulses that play a role in the reactions.
Adult Mystery: Sudden 'Allergy'
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Precipitants include being in a dark room (dilates pupil), stress, and certain drugs (e.g., sympathomimetics or anticholinergics).
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Dry mouth is the most common complaint with the oral anticholinergic drugs oxybutynin and tolterodine.
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Drugs that impair detrusor contractility and increase urethral tone include calcium channel blockers, anticholinergics, alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, narcotics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.
