How To Use Centromere In A Sentence
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Abbreviations: MN, micronucleus; BN-1MN, binucleated cell with one micronucleus; BN-1MNC+, binucleated cell with one centromere-positive micronucleus; BN-1MNC −, binucleated cell with one centromere-negative micronucleus; Mono-MNx, mononucleated cells with micronuclei; BN-NPB, binucleated cell with nucleoplasmic bridge
Veterans Today
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We conclude that chromosomes with damaged centromeres fail to correctly attach to the spindle, thus producing MN and monosomy.
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The pertinent variable in this form of meiotic drive is the presence of differing numbers of centromeres on paired homologous chromosomes.
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Numbers to the left of the chromosome indicate the genetic distance in centimorgans from the centromere.
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the centromere is difficult to sequence
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The centromere is represented as a solid ellipsoid.
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This classification method uses anti-kinetochore antibody staining to identify the presence of kinetochore protein associated with the centromeres of chromosomes or its absence from acentric chromosome fragments.
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If the centromere is off center, the chromosome is submetacentric with a short arm labeled p (for petite) and a long arm labeled q (the next letter after p).
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Furthermore, it has been possible to throw light on problems of crossing-over, as in the demonstration (Muller, Stone, and Offermann, 1930 et seq.) that to whatever position the centromere is moved, it causes a strong inhibition of crossing-over, the strength of which gradually diminishes with distance.
Hermann J. Muller - Nobel Lecture
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Two of those contained repetitive sequence and hybridized to the centromeres of the polytene chromosomes.
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In the following anaphase, passage of the centromeres to opposite poles would produce two chromatid bridges.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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These cells remain as mononucleate cells with clustered centromeres and no Zip1 staining, and represent an ever-growing proportion of the mononucleate cell population as cells that have entered the meiotic program become multinucleate.
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In all cases the explanation is that there is some sort of physical attraction between the centromeres of similar ancestry.
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Spindle fibers, composed of microtubules, have attached to the sister pairs of chromosomes at their point of attachment the kinetochore, or centromere.
THE HIDDEN FACE OF GOD
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A second set of slides from each clone were analyzed for dicentric chromosomes using centromere-specific staining.
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We observed an accumulation of cDNA loci near the centromere for seven chromosomes.
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The presence of a kinetochore spot indicates the centromere region of each chromosome.
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Centromere probes for interphase analysis (for detection of constitutional trisomies)
State-of-the-art cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis
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In the automatic karyotype analyzing system, centromere index is a very important feature to classify and pair the chromosomes.
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For the scoring of micronuclei and analysis for the presence of centromeres in the MN the preparations were examined under a Leitz fluorescence microscope with 400x magnification.
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Centromeres are essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes at mitosis and meiosis.
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Each chromosome is identifiable by its relative length, by the location of its centromere, which is readily observed at the pachytene stage, and by the individuality of the chromomeres strung along the length of each chromosome.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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Further, in most organisms there is a virtual absence of exchange in heterochromatin and a reduction of exchange frequencies in euchromatin that lies near chromosomal elements such as centromeres and telomeres.
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The sizes of the two centromeres from the homologous chromosomes are different.
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When a crossover occurs between the centromere and the locus (types II and III), the first division can be either equational (type II) or reductional (type III< 93 vs.96%).
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Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or "arms.
Conservapedia - Recent changes [en]
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Macropodine marsupials (kangaroos and wallabies) offer unique insights into current theories expositing centromere emergence during karyotypic diversification and speciation.
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A chromatin bridge would form at the meiotic anaphase by passage of the two centromeres on the dicentric chromosome to opposite poles of the spindle.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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In the spore, passage to opposite poles of the two centromeres of this newly created dicentric chromosome again produced a chromatid bridge that was again ruptured.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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The first numeral refers to the chromosome providing the centromere-carrying segment, the second to the chromosome supplying the acentric segment.
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In the spore, passage to opposite poles of the two centromeres of this newly created dicentric chromosome again produced a chromatid bridge that was again ruptured.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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We conclude that chromosomes with damaged centromeres fail to correctly attach to the spindle, thus producing MN and monosomy.
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If the centromere is in the middle, the chromosome is metacentric and the chromosome arms are equal in size.
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Abbreviations: MN, micronucleus; BN-1MN, binucleated cell with one micronucleus; BN-1MNC+, binucleated cell with one centromere-positive micronucleus; BN-1MNC −, binucleated cell with one centromere-negative micronucleus; Mono-MNx, mononucleated cells with micronuclei; BN-NPB, binucleated cell with nucleoplasmic bridge
Veterans Today
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At the beginning of prophase the chromosomes each consist of two highly condensed chromatids attached to each other at a centromere .
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Note that almost all metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes have split at the centromere into two daughter units.
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The initial study of centromere coupling reported that in chromosome spreads exhibiting centromere coupling, Zip1 foci and kinetochore pairs occur in approximately equal numbers (about sixteen) and exhibit a high level of co-localization
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It revealed why crossing-over should be suppressed between the centromere and the nucleolus organizer in organisms in which chiasmata terminalize, from the initial loaction of a crossover to the end of the arm of the chromosome.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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To differentiate this homology-independent centromeric association from the regular pairing between homologous chromosomes this phenomenon has been referred to as centromere coupling
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If the centromere is close to the end, the chromosome is acrocentric and the very short arm consists of a stalk and a knob
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Thus, in these three cases the distal end of the P element inserted into either the homolog or the sister chromatid in the direction of the centromere to create a dicentric chromosome.
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Recently, the homology-independent pairwise association of centromeres, termed centromere coupling, was also reported in budding yeast.
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In metazoans, the bulk of the cohesin complex is displaced at prophase, but a subset of cohesin complexes is maintained at the centromere and perhaps other sites.
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Second, the centromere is the focus for the formation of the kinetochore, where microtubules connect to the chromosomes during anaphase in mitosis and meiosis.
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In fact, we did not find any informative marker in the three chromosomal divisions around the centromere of this chromosome.
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Studies in simian cell lines transfected with human alpha satellite sequences showed that these repetitive regions could form de novo centromeres on existing chromosomes.
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At the meiotic anaphase, passage of the two centromeres of the dicentric chromosome to opposite poles of the spindle produces a bridge.
Nobel Lecture The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge
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The centromere is responsible for two key chromosomal functions in mitosis and meiosis.
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The greater proximity of the centromere could cause suppression of recombination in the proximal euchromatin of fusion chromosomes.
