How To Use Causation In A Sentence
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So there is a perennial temptation to appeal to the idea of arbitrariness when discussing the alleged informational nature of some biological causation.
Biological Information
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The British Biologist Dr. Rupert Sheldrake introduced the concepts of Morphic Fields and Morphic Resonance in his revolutionary 1981 book A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation.
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Not a coincidence is my guess, but no one should confuse causation and correlation.
Discourse.net: Perspective
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General Philosophy covers such topics as mind and body, theory of knowledge, causation and personal identity.
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For example, an interest in the context sensitivity of realization in philosophy of mind (Wilson 2004, ch. 6) invokes issues pertaining to the context objection, individuation, temporality (especially causation versus constitution), and intrinsicality.
Reductionism in Biology
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If you're a scientist working in the proprietary labs of industry I've heard that the very first thing you have to learn is to UN-learn what you've been taught about the brick wall around causation.
Continuation…
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So, offering up a suggestion of biological causation of differences is never value-free a cigar is _never_ just a cigar and gives the supposed difference _way_ more credence than it ever deserves.
Guest post by Mary Schweitzer
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Yet, by the end of the semester, this was the book that most illuminated their understandings of the complex causations behind forest change.
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Similarly, mental causation now goes neatly away.
The Descent of Mind - the how and why of intelligence
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The gene is only part of the causation of illness.
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A strong association, however, is not a proof of causation.
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Like coin tosses, there may be no salient causation to be discerned in the outcomes.
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The Buddha's aversion to speculation did not prevent him from insisting on the importance of a correct knowledge of our mental constitution, the chain of causation and other abstruse matters; nor does it really take the form of neglecting metaphysics: rather of defining them in a manner so authoritative as to imply a reserve of unimparted knowledge.
Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 1
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If H2O is a NET MAGNIFIER after all forcings/feedbacks, then the AGW proponent models trend towards their doomsday rise — if H2O is not a NET MAGNIFIER never the AGW proponent assumption, even though Dr Lindzen among others presumes as much, then the causational threat is bogus.
UCAR Webcast of Bradley, Crowley, Ammann – Apr 6, 2005 « Climate Audit
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Probabilistic theories of causation can be used to answer both types of question.
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The House held that the burden of proof of causation remained on the plaintiff throughout the case.
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I certainly had heard that people are dying to go to Harvard Law School, but I always thought it was a figure of speech. p.s. I wonder if, the following semester, some creative Torts professor at Harvard used this situation in an exam question ... maybe regarding causation, foreseeability, etc.?
The Volokh Conspiracy » Con Law Exam Kills Law Student
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Third, the principle of causational synonymy is restricted to substances at the end of Metaphysics and in the first half of the same chapter the non-standard presence of some causally relevant forms may also be envisaged.
Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
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More of this will be addressed in the section on divine causation, but for now suffice it to say that God's causal role in the actions of finite substances at the very minimum is to pre-establish the concomitance or conjunction between “causes” and “effects,” without which God's aim of producing universal and maximum harmony
Leibniz on Causation
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In addition the need to define which injuries qualified for compensation and the continuing need to prove causation would ensure that many accident victims remained uncompensated.
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The mere presence of viral particles does not establish causation of autism: it may be an incidental finding.
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Each cognitive individual has a total mind-map, a fluctuating space of ideas and experiences in memory, linked into a network by the relationships of association, causation and entailment.
Archive 2009-01-01
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No empirical phenomena seem to demand a notion of backward causation for our understanding of them.
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It inhibits a phosphorylating enzyme that's crucial in the causation of that particular cancer.
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Negligent intervening acts may or may not break the chain of causation.
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Indeed, agent causation is consistent with its being the case that probabilistic laws of nature apply as thoroughly to human beings and their behavior as such laws apply to anything else.
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So, unlike the identity theory, functionalism ends up disallowing mind/body causation.
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(coinherence) and sometimes extensible to causation (because a cause implies a class of events), should never be stretched to include other relations in such a way as to sacrifice intelligence to formalism.
Logic Deductive and Inductive
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If all causation is physical, then the epiphenomenal mental state (if it even exists) is irrelevant to the act of causation.
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Many standard theories of causation also endorse this conclusion, for example, if we are willing to assume it is a law that all ravens are black, then nomological theories of causation will support the claim.
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Unfortunately, there is much myth surrounding the causation of the zits.
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He sums up his discussion of automatisms (automatic writing and so on) by saying that they ‘represent a class of instances in which apparent mental causation fails.’
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For if the options are irreducible causation or none, one should ask whether ˜none™ might be the better choice.
The Metaphysics of Causation
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In the study of environmental toxins, the causation of diverse effects is usually the rule rather than the exception.
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Nevertheless, I think that Davis' basic approach of isolating subsystems of causation is extremely fruitful.
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The effect is (in some sense) as much the cause of A as (in a different sense) A is of B. (Aside: this makes John Cramer's transactional quantum theory sound weirdly Aristotelian.www. npl.washington.edu/AV/altvw16. html) Consequently, when Hume and the other Early Moderns tossed out finality, they wound up tossing out causation as well and wound up with something weirdly like al-Ghazali's occasionalism.
November 4th, 2009
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The prevalent analyses of causation seem justifiably only to allow events and possibly agents as causes.
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Causation is also and element of every offense , It becomes part of the actus reus whenever the crime requires a result , such as shoplifting A prosecutor has two steps to prove causation .
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This is not correct and, in any case, correlation does not prove causation.
Times, Sunday Times
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Two years later, Max Black (1956) presented an argument against backward causation, which became known as the bilking argument, and later attempts to meet the argument seemed to generate all kinds of paradoxes.
Backward Causation
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Moreover, in simple causation the second event does not occur unless the first event has occurred.
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It seems that people on the right and left are quick to confuse correlation with causation.
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The criteria for determining causation of serious events were not stated.
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Can the background view be held on its own as an adequate account of causation?
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The existence of damage to the plants at that side of the field thus negatived the Claimant's case as to causation.
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However, all causation and human rights questions are very fact sensitive and I consider that it would be wrong to pronounce on the matter in the abstract.
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It's a causational set of circumstances, but it's no excuse.
CNN Transcript Oct 3, 2006
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The link between correlation and causation seems to be the bone of contention.
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While it seems clear that intramundane causation is transitive, that if (where A, B, and C are events) A causes B, and B causes C. then A causes C, there is no necessary transivity in the case of any causal aspects or features of the divine willing permission, if there are any (there are some causal features if wicked people are upheld and conserved in being by God).
Triablogue
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Considering all these facts, we must regard the fall of arterial pressure, the depression of the fontanelle, and the turgescence of the vessels of the limbs as phenomena concomitant with bodily rest and warmth, and we have no more right to assign the causation of sleep to cerebral anæmia than to any other alteration in the functions of the body, such as occur during sleep.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 1178, June 25, 1898
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We searched Medline using strategies for studies of causation and aetiology described by McKibbon.
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From the judicial precedent, discussing about the logical connection between causes and conditions is a new angle in realizing the causation theory.
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The second accident did not break the chain of causation as it was a natural consequence of the first accident.
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Factors to consider are researcher beliefs and attitudes, facts and ideas, the attribution of causation, and the discovery role of historical writing.
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Scarman identified two views that were commonly held as to the causation of the disorders.
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It is not obvious which type of distinguishability properties a theory must have in order to constitute a reduction of causation to probabilities.
Probabilistic Causation
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Father Brown & remorse beforehand continuous approximation to a perpetual peace a science fiction story about mnemic causation perhaps Borges-like
Archive 2005-08-01
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The investigation is concerned with ‘fault’ which includes blameworthiness as well as causation.
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As often is the case, a problem covering omission will also involve a consideration of causation.
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But though we are natural conservers and causationists, and reject a sour, dumpish unbelief, the skeptical class, which
Representative Men
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Conclude and analyze the causation of error lock of carrier frequency acquisition .
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But locomotions caused without immediate transmission were understood to be be embedded in larger patterns of causation which observed the principle of causational synonymy, and it is exactly such a larger pattern of causation which is missing in the case of celestial motions.
Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
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Contemporary learning on causation has a very ex - tensive examination in a recent work called Causation
CAUSATION IN LAW
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Thus I affirm every class of phenomena whether in nature or on the stock market must be subject to the universal law of causation and harmony.
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However, the precise causational factors are not quite clear.
What women who value their reproductive rights have lost
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Facts of this description, facts previously unheard of, but which could not from any known law of causation be pronounced impossible, are what Hume characterizes as not contrary to experience, but merely unconformable to it; and Bentham, in his treatise on Evidence, denominates them facts disconformable _in specie_, as distinguished from such as are disconformable _in toto_ or in _degree_
A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive
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There are no ‘exceptional’ or ‘policy’ grounds that would warrant the relaxation of the normal rules as to causation.
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Proponents of the thimerosal causation of autism, like Kennedy, argue that a detoxification method called chelation therapy is of great benefit to these children.
Autism and 9-11: The Connection
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Since this was a correlational study, no causations can be assumed regarding self-esteem.
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But every inductive argument that proves its conclusion presupposes the truth of the law of causation.
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Another apparent relist is McBrearty v. Vanguard Group, No. 09 – 1187, which deals with RICO causation.
The Volokh Conspiracy » Supreme Court Relist watch
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Can the background view be held on its own as an adequate account of causation?
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Such conspiracy thinking is actually a misdirected partial understanding of social causation.
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The theist, in short, commences with a wrong conception of causation.
Theism or Atheism The Great Alternative
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In order to break the chain of causation the third party act must be independent of the breach of duty.
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The British Biologist Dr. Rupert Sheldrake introduced the concepts of Morphic Fields and Morphic Resonance in his revolutionary 1981 book A New Science of Life: The Hypothesis of Formative Causation.
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The Philosopher Igal Kvart has been a persistent critic of the claim that it is possible to analyze counterfactuals without using causation.
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Saying the hate-killings are 'byproducts' of the American invasion implies causation, which is a stretch even Reed Richards would find hard to make.
Gays killed in Iraq...
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What Malebranche needs to establish, then, is the claim that causation just is necessary efficaciousness, and the pressing question for Malebranche is how he can defend this claim.
Occasionalism
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There seems to be a pattern of failure, which might suggest that causation is simply unanalyzable.
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Conclude and analyze the causation of error lock of carrier frequency acquisition .
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On the contrary, it affirmed the principle that the onus of proving causation lies on the pursuer or plaintiff.
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Take a standard case of mental causation: your headache causes you to go to the cupboard to get an aspirin.
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It is tempting, but I believe crude and misleading, to assimilate the working of such permission to intramundane models of causation, and particularly to theories of physical determinism.
Triablogue
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Normal, rational, causational thinking confuses “Bob” and lowers him to human functioning.
The Book of the SubGenius
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The British oil group lost its case in an appeal court in Louisiana this week that claimants had to prove causation.
Times, Sunday Times
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Well, you can find articles that give overviews of the whole subject and also of the various parts of it (causation, moral responsibility, etc.)
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Similarly, mental causation now goes neatly away.
The Descent of Mind - the how and why of intelligence
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Correlation does not give you the directionality of causation, so a few types of answers have been proposed — one is "junk" (large cells better tolerate the selective cost of useless DNA), one is "skeletal" (read Cavalier-Smith, it's complicated and involves a hypothesized allometric relationship), etc.
Intrinsic Control and Junk DNA
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In a sense, this criticism is an extension of the issue of causation discussed earlier in relation to the statistical correlation studies.
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Any causal statement about the universe would have to be expressed atemporally, but for the theist this presents no problem provided that God is conceived atemporally and sense can be made of atemporal causation.
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In general, causation is to be understood as an increase in distinctness on the part of the causally active substance, and an increase in confusedness on the part of the passively effected substance.
Leibniz's Philosophy of Mind
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This is not correct and, in any case, correlation does not prove causation.
Times, Sunday Times
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A jury could reasonably decide that causation had been established, given the evidence.
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Rather, liability for injuries has been extended beyond any reasonable definition of causation.
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Causation and convergence were still operative, but they functioned more subtly, and the audience was no longer enthralled in hypothesis building.
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It is important to understand that such identities do not imply causation.
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Conclude and analyze the causation of error lock of carrier frequency acquisition .
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Aside from the fact that it involves mnemic causation (direct and deterministic influence by past events) and a similar influence by the utility function (which really pertains to the future) - it is highly implausible.
Capitalistic Musings
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In legal discourse causation is particularly important.
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Like coin tosses, there may be no salient causation to be discerned in the outcomes.
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Another version of the first kind of strategy is to clarify the notion of causation involved in the argument.
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Attribution theory is concerned with the study of perceived causation.
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The intuition that causation is an intrinsic relation does not apply in this case.
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Of course, the judge cannot have had any intention of overseeing half-a-million mini-trials on causation, nor can they have had any intention of lawyering them.
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There is a quality of self-directed ruefulness or self-causation.
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He demanded that an adequate explanation of a correlation or process should specify all four aspects of causation.
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Dependent origination is not a theory of causation with respect to bringing about a pluralistically real world.
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The obscurities of agent-causation are enough to prevent most philosophers from embracing this conception of autonomous agency.
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Remember that historical causation is complex.
A Short Guide to Writing About History
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As my psychology students realize, correlation does not equal causation.
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In a sense, this criticism is an extension of the issue of causation discussed earlier in relation to the statistical correlation studies.
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Is it possible to do a functional analysis that does not depend on assumptions of unidirectional linear time and causation?
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In conclusion, this study has shown smoking as the principle risk factor in the causation of lung cancer among men.
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The metaphysical causation (i.e. magic) these narratives embody is therefore seen as applicable in the real world.
Notes on Strange Fiction: Seams
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This paper analyzes causation of slot opening in prefabricate slab and puts forward measure to prevent slotopenmg.
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But a point that he made was that the judge at the hearing, the trial judge, misdirected himself to causation, and he did.
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Moreover, regarding your inane “taxing success” comment — do you think “success” is some metaphysically special event that occurs outside the normal realm of external causation and interconnectedness?
Wonk Room » More Than 99% Of The Kyl-Lincoln $250 Billion Estate Tax Giveaway Goes To Wealthy Families
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The increase was so modest it is hard to believe that it was causational rather than a symptom of a preexisting metabolic dysfunction.
Another China study | The Blog of Michael R. Eades, M.D.
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All these restrictions notwithstanding, Aristotle can claim that the principle of causational synonymy remains universally valid.
Aristotle's Natural Philosophy
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Juries may award millions, but these cases arguably similar to use of Ford cars to 'pollute' are always shot down at the appellate stage for lack of proximate causation.
An Esper Divergence Problem « Climate Audit
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• To identify a direct and thus causational relationship between teachers and students, all other factors impacting student achievement, including out-of-school factors, would have to be controlled, resulting in a process that would cost more money and time than the state can fund.
2 false claims that drive school reform
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There seems to be a pattern of failure, which might suggest that causation is simply unanalyzable.
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To sum the results of our argument: All things and events are foreshown and brought into being by causes; but the causation is of two Kinds; there are results originating from the Soul and results due to other causes, those of the environment.
The Six Enneads.
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Given the claims about microphysics it is vital for Green's argument that the real causation can only be found at the microlevel.
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The necessity which causation involves is at most ‘natural’ or ‘physical’ necessity, not metaphysical necessity.
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The present study confirmed the harmfulness of bidis in the causation of lung cancer.
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Not sequency, therefore, but agency, or, in other words, efficiency, is the attribute commensurate with our notion of causation.
Theism: The Witness of Reason and Nature to an All-Wise and Beneficent Creator.
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If the act should have been foreseen by a reasonable man as likely, it would not break the chain of causation.
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The gene is only part of the causation of illness.
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The defendant was held liable for the loss, as the thief's act did not break the chain of causation.
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In this case Kennedy was distinguished and the Court of Appeal held, in quashing the accused's conviction for manslaughter, that the chain of causation was broken by the victim's act of self-injection.
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Why not take ordinary language at its word, and let causation go multigrade?
The Metaphysics of Causation
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That involves proof of causation, which is discussed further below.
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What this amounts to is that there are at least two different ways of thinking about the relation between the first-order state and the higher-order state depending on whether you think intentionality is at bottom a matter of description and functional role and holism or a matter of word-world relations and causation, and compositionality.
Speedlinking 4/27/07
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Some authorities reverse the ordinary burden or proof with respect to causation.
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The British oil group lost its case in an appeal court in Louisiana this week that claimants had to prove causation.
Times, Sunday Times
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A strong association, however, is not a proof of causation.
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OBJECTIVE To analysis the epidemic status of tsutsugamushi disease and explore the causation of the the outbreak, and to guide the treatment and prevention of tsutsugamushi disease.
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It is this curious oppositeness of direction between the order of causation as affirmed by physics, and the order of evidence as revealed by theory of knowledge, that causes the most serious perplexities in regard to the nature of physical reality.
Mysticism and Logic and Other Essays
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But since the Idea of Causation is a necessary condition of the very possibility of objective empirical knowledge, Newton's laws must share this necessity.
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But what about the suggestion that event causation is instead reducible to, or analysable in terms of, agent causation?
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The agreement reached is akin to the kind of agreement frequently reached in litigation where a defendant accepts liability but not causation of damage nor the quantum of the loss claimed.
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Causation, even established, did not entitle him to recover damages in respect of an irrecoverable loss.
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This is because traditional notions of determinism in positivist and empiricist philosophies of science produced the odd idea that causation in the human world is agent-less and is not a force.
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There is absolutely no doubt that the causation of IQ is polygenetic and what some of the genes are is now emerging in medical research.
Blogger News Network
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The vital motions, as suppose of the heart and arterial system, commence from the irritation occasioned by the stimulus of the blood, and then have this irritation assisted by the power of association; at the same time an agreeable sensation is produced by the due actions of the fibres, as in the secretions of the glands, which constitutes the pleasure of existence; this agreeable sensation is intermixed between every link of this diurnal chain of actions, and contributes to produce it by what is termed animal causation.
Note VII
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The inquiry itself embodied a pivotal shift in scientific paradigms of disease causation from miasmatic or filth-based models to the germ theory.
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We are a social order built on the notion of underlying causation and necessary explanations.
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Where we say the trial judge eventually failed is that he did not make a determination as to causation in this case.
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He considered whether the boys' acts broke the chain of causation.
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This issue was recently addressed by David Viano and colleagues, who work at ProBiomechanics LLC, a Michigan firm specializing in occupant kinematics and injury causation, published last month in Traffic Injury Prevention.
Dr. Sharma’s Obesity Notes » Blog Archive » Weighing in on In-Car Traffic Injuries
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Mental causation is one of these.
The Descent of Mind - the how and why of intelligence
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There is one other matter which I must mention in relation to causation.
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The second accident did not break the chain of causation as it was a natural consequence of the first accident.
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As the molecular mechanisms of diseases and their causations are increasingly understood, so classifications are increasingly becoming blurred and overlapping, and many diseases are now recognized as being multi-causal.
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Earlier, in 1908, Macleod had done experimental work on the possible part played by the central nervous system in the causation of hyperglycaemia and in 1932 he returned to this subject, basing his work on the experiments done by Claude
John Macleod - Biography
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Recent attempts to analyze causation in terms of probabilistic counterfactuals have become quite intricate; see for example Noordhof.
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Her narrative follows a loopy line traced more by mood and caprice than by causation or chronology.
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The truism is that "correlation is not causation.
June 17th, 2009
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The courts do not appear to have grappled with the principles of causation specifically in relation to omissions.
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Time travel, entailing as it does backward causation, does not involve changing the past.
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Remember that historical causation is complex.
A Short Guide to Writing About History
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The present study confirmed the harmfulness of bidis in the causation of lung cancer.
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Davies says of all the ideas he reviews: "In fact, in reviewing them they all seem to me to be either ridiculous or hopelessly inadequate: a unique universe that just happens to permit life by a fluke; a stupendous number of alternative parallel universes that exist for no reason; a preexisting God who is somehow self-explanatory; or a self-creating, self-explaining self-understanding unioverse-with-observers, entailing backward causation and teleology." page 259.
A Third Choice (ID Hypothesis)
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Mental causation is one of these.
The Descent of Mind - the how and why of intelligence
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It is also necessary for the plaintiff to prove causation.
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Although they do not establish causation, our straightforward data and analyses show strong temporal and spatial links between pox and plumage coloration and add potential new insights to work on this interesting species.
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I also raise some questions concerning conceptual priority, and the issue of whether counterfactual analyses of causation are compatible with the view that causal relations are purely objective.
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Agent causation, it may be argued, is a condition of the possibility of morally responsible agency.
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Where the third party act is negligent, it may or may not break the chain of causation.
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Indeed, the plaintiffs in this case (Tufford v. Merck) are relying on decisions disallowing the use of animal tests by plaintiffs to prove causation.
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It is important to record that there is no formal hypothesis testing here, no econometrics of any sort, and this methodology is quite incapable of distinguishing causation from association.
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More of this will be addressed in the section on divine causation, but for now suffice it to say that God's causal role in the actions of finite substances at the very minimum is to pre-establish the concomitance or conjunction between “causes” and “effects,” without which God's aim of producing universal and maximum harmony
Leibniz on Causation
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And an alternative description of the problems in inferring causation:
Close Your Legs, Expand Your Mind?
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As was implicit in our opening reflections on causation, that conception includes causal circumstances.
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The numerous trains of these associated ideas are divided by Mr. Hume into three classes, which he has termed contiguity, causation, and resemblance.
Zoonomia, Vol. I Or, the Laws of Organic Life
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This will be treated as a novus actus interveniens which breaks the chain of causation.
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It is reasonable to investigate the existince and implications of intelligent causation in biotic history, probably at the origin of life but also manifested in various evolutionary processes and biological facts (see Conway Morris here)
2006 January - Telic Thoughts
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It does not depend on proof of causation of actionable loss.
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But if you put it on that basis, your causation has not necessarily been determined.
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When fibrous contractions succeed or accompany other fibrous contractions, the connexion is termed association; when fibrous contractions succeed sensorial motions, the connexion is termed causation; when fibrous and sensorial motions reciprocally introduce each other, it is termed catenation of animal motions.
Note II
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The moral to be drawn is that causation may imply that certain counterfactuals hold, but the holding of counterfactuals is not enough to show causation.
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If you apply the statistics, you will find correlation, even if there is no causation.
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Exorcists were known to abstain periodically from food for reasons of vision causation, purgation, and divine encounter.
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To my mind, the first issue which the judge had to determine was an issue of causation - did the breach of duty cause the damage alleged.
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It is tempting, but I believe crude and misleading, to assimilate the working of such permission into intramundane models of causation, and particularly to general physical determinism.
Triablogue
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After a few remarks on the chemical constitution of orchil and litmus, as given by Kane, Gelis, Pereira, and others, he discussed the subject of decolorisation of weak infusions of orchil and litmus by exclusion of atmospheric air, and by various deoxidising agents, and the different theories as to the causation of this phenomenon.
The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom Considered in Their Various Uses to Man and in Their Relation to the Arts and Manufactures; Forming a Practical Treatise & Handbook of Reference for the Colonist, Manufacturer, Merchant, and Consumer, o
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While it seems clear that intramundane causation is transitive, that if (where A, B and C are mundane events) A causes B, and B causes C, then A causes C, there is no necessary transitivity in the case of the causal aspects or features of the divine willing permission.
Triablogue
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The only reason that could be validly alleged against mnemic causation would be that, in fact, all the phenomena can be explained without it.
The Analysis of Mind
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Of course, one alternative possibility might be to deny that causation is an extensional relation.
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The use of mind to animals is thus rendered apparent; for intelligent volition is thus shown to be a true cause of adjustive movement, in that the cerebration which it involves could not otherwise be possible: the causation would not otherwise be complete.
Mind and Motion and Monism
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This issue was recently addressed by David Viano and colleagues, who work at ProBiomechanics LLC, a Michigan firm specializing in occupant kinematics and injury causation, published last month in Traffic Injury Prevention.
Dr. Sharma’s Obesity Notes » Blog Archive » Weighing in on In-Car Traffic Injuries
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Thus we see that while physical causation is still thought to be basic, it is the notion of purposive causa - tion, and of legal policy (the law's purposes) that mod - ern lawyers think of when the idea of legal causation comes to mind.
CAUSATION IN LAW
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The first element is sometimes called causation in fact, and the latter causation in law.
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Next the jury has to consider causation and then whether the breach was gross enough to constitute a crime.
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Our results indicate that atypicality cannot be ignored in an analysis of the folk concept of causation.
Experimental Philosophy
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In addressing causation following a negligent omission, two questions arise.
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In the ixth and xth Books of his De Trinitate Hilary refers to this, and says that the Father is called ` greater 'propter auctoritatem, meaning by auctoritas not power, but what the Greeks understand by aitiotes, causation, principle or authorship of being.
NPNF2-09. Hilary of Poitiers, John of Damascus
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The general principle is that causation is established if the result would not have occurred but for D's conduct.
