How To Use Anhydride In A Sentence
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From the point of view of the chemistry of the tannins, therefore, the starting-point would naturally be that of synthesising the ester anhydrides of hydroxybenzoic acids.
Synthetic Tannins
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The most acid rain recorded was in Glasgow, Scotland; the reported value (representing an average of several individual samples) was 109.16 grains of sulfuric anhydride per gallon of rainwater.
Smith, Robert Angus
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The flow sheet and operation in phthalic anhydride plant system after the adding partial condensator were introduced.
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New progress for phenylacetone synthesis from organic zinc reagent and acetic anhydride was studied.
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It is also noteworthy that levulose gave this same product, the trinitrate of the anhydride (levulosan) by both methods of nitration (_supra_).
Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900
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Because of this behavior upon hydrolysis, they are known as basic anhydrides.
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A primary alcohol can be condensed with succinic anhydride to form a hemisuccinate intermediate.
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This refrigerator is like those which we employ in our sulphurous anhydride frigorific apparatus.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 299, September 24, 1881
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After evaporating excess reagent, the residue was acylated for 10 min at 150°C using 120 mm heptafluorobutyric anhydride.
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An alcohol evaporator for production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride exploded during operation.
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It was showed that the plant system modification could prolong condensator life and enhance the yield of phthalic anhydride.
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The product formed is termed a mixed anhydride because the two groups on either side of the (OC-O-CO) linkage are different.
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After evaporating excess reagent, the residue was acylated for 10 min at 150°C using 120 mm heptafluorobutyric anhydride.
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Similar to nitrous acid, nitric oxide gives rise to reactive nitrous anhydride that can induce nitrosative deamination of DNA bases.
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From 1 to 1.5 grammes of the glycerine is weighed into a conical flask of about 150 c.c. capacity, 7 or 8 c.c. of acetic anhydride added, together with about 3 grammes of anhydrous sodium acetate, and the whole boiled on a sand-bath under a reflux condenser for one to one and a half hours, after which it is allowed to cool, 50 c.c. water added, and the ester dissolved by shaking, and gently warming, the reflux condenser still being attached as the acetin is very volatile.
The Handbook of Soap Manufacture
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The main interest of the question of course lies in its bearing on the long-disputed relations between plants and animals; for, since neither locomotion nor irritability is peculiar to animals; since many insectivorous plants habitually digest solid food; since cellulose, that most characteristic of vegetable products, is practically identical with the tunicin of Ascidians, it becomes of the greatest interest to know whether the chlorophyl of animals preserves its ordinary vegetable function of effecting or aiding the decomposition of carbonic anhydride and the synthetic production of starch.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882
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Before deprotection and cleavage, the peptides were succinylated at the N-terminus using succinic anhydride in dimethylformamide containing an equivalent of diisopropylethylamine.
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There followed a rapid succession of clinical studies dealing with occupational asthma induced by a variety of chemicals including colophony and acid anhydrides.
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Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride(ASA)using as neutral paper sizing could change the result and capability of application with traditional rosin as acidic paper sizing agent in our country.
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Autoclaving induced hydrolysis of the anhydride moieties to provide a surface exclusively bearing carboxylic acid groups, which are fully dissociated at the pH of the cell culture medium.
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They used to - back in the old days, sonny - package triflic anhydride in glass ampoules.
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The experience adopted three methods to modify Monensin sodium salt and produced Monensin acid and Monensin succinic anhydride derivative. The experience is the basis of immunoassays.
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Similarly , using diketene to replace mixed anhydride or acid chloride, intermediate enol 5 may be obtained.
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My most ambitious attempt was a multistep sequence aimed at synthesizing aspirin, for which I needed acetic anhydride, which had to be made from acetyl chloride, for which I needed phosphorus trichloride, for which I needed to burn red phosphorus in a stream of chlorine gas.
Roger Y. Tsien - Autobiography
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Cigarette smoking has been reported to be associated with the development of OA in workers exposed to platinum salts and anhydride compounds, which are chemicals that cause asthma through an IgE mechanism.
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In one method, naphthalene is oxidized with vanadium pentoxide to give phthalic anhydride.
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Also, Celanese of Dallas is raising price by 3â¢/lb for paraformaldehyde, 5â¢/lb for acetic acid, ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate monomer, methyl isobutyl carbinol and methyl isobutyl ketone and 8â¢/lb for acetic anhydride.
Purchasing - Top Stories
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The energy for the reaction is provided by the high-energy anhydride of carbamoyl phosphate.
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Nonmetal oxides that form acidic solutions when dissolved in water are called acid anhydrides.
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I saw a chest full of mixed potassic chlorate and black oxide of manganese, with an apparatus for heating it, and producing oxygen -- a foolish thing, for additional oxygen could not alter the quantity of breathed carbonic anhydride, which is a direct narcotic poison.
The Purple Cloud
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The company's phthalic anhydride plant at Raichur, Karnataka and maleic anhydride plant at Taloja, Maharashtra operated satisfactorily during 2002-03.
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Primary amides are prepared by reacting ammonia or amines with acid chlorides, anhydrides, or esters.
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Greater problems arise from the hardener component of the resins, typically polyamine or anhydrides, which can displace ligands from TL materials based on metal complexes.
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This oxide of chromium is called chromic anhydride, since it combines readily with water to form chromic acid:
An Elementary Study of Chemistry
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We blocked glass surfaces with 175 mM succinic anhydride in 1-methyl - 2-pyrrolidinone and 44 mM sodium borate.
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Thus with the direct ester reactions the normal fibrous cellulose (C_ {6} H_ {16} O_ {5}) yields a monoacetate, dibenzoate, and a trinitrate respectively under conditions which determine, with the simple hexoses and anhydrides, the maximum esterification, i.e. all the OH groups reacting.
Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900
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By that it was concluded that the used maleic anhydride copolymer thin films allow for a substrate-protein interaction in a controlled manner.
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The isocyanate fragment, anhydrides, and some substituted aromatic fragments are electrophilic functionalities which can react with nucleophilic moieties, such as amino groups of proteins.
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They may be prepared by converting nitriles into amidoximes by the action of hydroxylamine, the amidoximes so formed being then acylated by acid chlorides or anhydrides.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"
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In one method, naphthalene is oxidized with vanadium pentoxide to give phthalic anhydride.
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An example of this type of adhesive is polyimide that is formed by the polymerization reaction of an aromatic amine with an aromatic anhydride.
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The binding strength of FN toward the substrate was adjusted using a set of thin films of different alternating maleic anhydride copolymers containing comonomers with varied alkyl chain length.
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Acid anhydrides replace the imino-hydrogen atom by acidyl radicals, and boiling with water converts them into phenols.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon"
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Therefore , determination the content of maleic anhydride in different conditions is researched.
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The significant current increase in demand for maleic anhydride and projected long-term global customer requirements necessitated the expansion and will strengthen our advantage as leading producer of this important chemical in Europe," said Sasol-Huntsman managing director
ANC Daily News Briefing
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In fact, the exhaust of the steam engine which actuates the sulphurous anhydride pump is directed into a worm which circulates through the first boiler, A, and the refrigerator, H, of the frigorific machine keeps up the second rectification, which was brought about below the surrounding temperature, and which for this reason takes place without necessitating any combustion of coal.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 299, September 24, 1881
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My most ambitious attempt was a multistep sequence aimed at synthesizing aspirin, for which I needed acetic anhydride, which had to be made from acetyl chloride, for which I needed phosphorus trichloride, for which I needed to burn red phosphorus in a stream of chlorine gas.
Roger Y. Tsien - Autobiography
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Water must be strictly avoided in this reaction, as it can destroy both the chloroformate reactant and the anhydride product.
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The builder capability of sodium salt of maleic anhydride-acrylic acid copolymer, STPP and 4A zeolite is compared.
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Protectant for irritated skin containing polyethyleneglycols, polyvinylether salt anhydride and polyvinylpyrrolidone
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An interesting development is the direct synthesis of acetic anhydride, used to make cellulose acetate for photographic film base.
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The working principles, structure, and heat transfer characteristics of the gravity heat pipe heat exchangers, and their application in production of pyromellitic dianhydride anhydride were presented.
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There followed a rapid succession of clinical studies dealing with OA induced by a variety of chemicals including isocyanates, drugs, colophony, and acid anhydrides.
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The carboxyl group is fairly reactive, and carboxyl group-containing compounds can undergo nucleophilic substitution to form many useful derivatives such as acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides.
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But his most important research before the changes brought about by World War I concerned the rates of hydration of carboxylic anhydrides, using conductimetric analysis to follow the reactions.
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Acid anhydride bonds have a high DG 0’ for hydrolysis imparting upon them a high potential to transfer the phosphates to other molecules.
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The segment -- which serves customers in the chemical, paint and adhesives industries -- produces and supplies acetyl products such as acetic acid, vinyl acetate monomer, acetic anhydride and other acetyl derivatives.
Celanese Raises Full-Year Forecast
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Thus with the direct ester reactions the normal fibrous cellulose (C_ {6} H_ {16} O_ {5}) yields a monoacetate, dibenzoate, and a trinitrate respectively under conditions which determine, with the simple hexoses and anhydrides, the maximum esterification, i.e. all the OH groups reacting.
Researches on Cellulose 1895-1900
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Second, the alkaloid is refluxed with acetic anhydride for about five hours.
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When sulfuric anhydride (SO3) is dissolved in water, each mole of SO3 becomes a mole of sulfuric acid, H2SO4.
Smith, Robert Angus
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The acid solution is a mixture of glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid.
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~ To understand the reaction which occurs, it must be remembered that a volatile acid anhydride is expelled from its salts when heated with an anhydride which is not volatile.
An Elementary Study of Chemistry
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The carboxyl group is fairly reactive, and carboxyl group-containing compounds can undergo nucleophilic substitution to form many useful derivatives such as acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters, and amides.
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Triflic anhydride, and its hydrolysis product, the viciously strong triflic acid, are notorious plastic-eaters and cap-softeners.
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Huntsman holds global leadership positions in MDI diphenylm ethane diisocyanate, polyurethane catalysts, epoxy adhesives, epoxy powder coating systems, aerospace composites , electrical insulating materials, textile effect chemicals, polyethera mines, ethylene and propylene carbonates, and maleic anhydride. ..
The Full Feed from HuffingtonPost.com
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For the synthetic studies, we made the peptides by polymerising an activated form of the amino acid (the N carboxyanhydride) using a nucleophile as an initiator.
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We wished to evaluate the efficacy of Pul8 photosensitizer in the induction of apoptosis because its anhydride group may provide the possibility of coupling this photosensitizer to cell-targeting agents like antibodies.
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Compounds that react with water to form hydroxide ions are called basic anhydrides.
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The pigments were reconstituted by adding p-coumaric anhydride.
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This review of chemical monitoring of agents that induce OA emphasizes the progress being made in developing highly sensitive detection methods for certain compounds such as diisocyanates, formaldehyde, and anhydrides.
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Of the three classes of isomeric anhydrides which can be formed from hydroxybenzoic acids, the chemistry of the natural tannins is only concerned with the class comprising the ester anhydrides.
Synthetic Tannins
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Process for modification of polyphenylene ether or related polymers with a cyclic acid anhydride and the use thereof in modified, high temperature rigid polymer of vinyl substituted aromatics
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Primary amides are prepared by reacting ammonia or amines with acid chlorides, anhydrides, or esters.
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Second, the alkaloid is refluxed with acetic anhydride for about five hours.
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Imide resins are prepared by the condensation of an anhydride and diamine, via a polyamic acid intermediate.
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A gas chromatography method recommended by NIOSH for trimellitic anhydride should be adaptable to organic anhydrides that can be volatilized without decomposition.
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Water-soluble compounds derived from homopolymer or copolymer of maleic anhydride, and applications of the said compounds to supporting biological molecules
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Imide resins are prepared by the condensation of an anhydride and diamine, via a polyamic acid intermediate.
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The acetonitrile solution containing mixed anhydride is added to 150 ml. of acetonitrile containing 7.6 g. of diethylamine.
L.S.D., R.I.P.
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Many hydrolytic enzymes are thought to utilize divalent, dinuclear metal ion complexes to catalyze hydrolysis of phosphate esters and phosphoric anhydrides of biological substrates such as ATP and DNA.
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The energy is stored in the phosphoric acid-sulphuric anhydride bond of the reaction product, 5'-adenylylsulphate, allowing sulphate to undergo further reactions.
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The oxidation of isosafrole is reaction with anhydride - acetone, anhydride - acetic acid, sodium bichromate - sulfuric acid and so on.
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Boron forms one well-known oxide, B_ {2} O_ {3}, called boric anhydride.
An Elementary Study of Chemistry
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The extracts obtained were prefiltered through glass wool and sodium sulfate anhydride and filtered by column chromatography (clean-up performed using sodium sulfate anhydride and Celite 545).
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A total of 100 [micro] g of satratoxin in 100 [micro] l pyridine was reacted with 2 mg of succinic anhydride in a 45 [degrees] C water bath with off-and-on vortexing.
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An example of this type of adhesive is polyimide that is formed by the polymerization reaction of an aromatic amine with an aromatic anhydride.
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Primary amides are prepared by reacting ammonia or amines with acid chlorides, anhydrides, or esters.
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High temperatures and/or little oxygen favor formation of the less oxidized oxide, e.g., CO. Many nonmetal oxides react with water to form acids; these substances are called acid anhydrides.
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The significant current increase in demand for maleic anhydride and projected long-term global customer requirements necessitated the expansion and will strengthen our advantage as leading producer of this important chemical in Europe," said Sasol-Huntsman managing director
ANC Daily News Briefing
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Alar is manufactured by mixing succinic anhydride with 1,1,dimethylhydrazine UDMH, a toxic component of rocket fuel.
Wendy Gordon: The True Alar Story
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Mixed xylenes have three major derivatives: Orthoxylene, used mainly in the production of phthalic anhydride; metaxylene, a component of isophthalic acid in the gasoline pool; and paraxylene, used primarily in the production of polyethylene terephthalate
Purchasing - Top Stories
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Types of binders Alkyd: Produced by condensation reactions between polycarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols - often phthalic acid or anhydride and glycerol.
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Hapten 2,4-D was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) using the modified active ester method and the mixed-anhydride method, respectively.
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It is also stated to contain abietic anhydride C44 H62 O4, but it is difficult to understand how a compound containing C44 can be produced from C10 H16.
Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889
