How To Use Acanthocephalan In A Sentence
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However, among helminth parasites, e.g., trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans, this is not the case.
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Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood inferred trees differ significantly with regard to relationships among acanthocephalans and rotifers.
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Unlike the situation in nematodes and platyhelminths, substantial evidence supports a close phylogenetic affinity of acanthocephalans to the predominately free-living rotifers.
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For example, in some morphologically based studies the issue is whether the lemnisci and proboscis of acanthocephalans are homologous to the hypodermic cushions and apical rostrum of bdelloids.
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Guidance and encouragement for my research involving acanthocephalans has been provided by Steven A. Nadler.
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The inferred phylogenetic relationships between acanthocephalans and rotifers differ appreciably.
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This constraint may limit acanthocephalan lineages to particular arthropod hosts, whereas the use of particular vertebrate hosts may be more free to vary.
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Many sea otters died from being infected by a parasitic acanthocephalan worm found in sand crabs the sea otters ate when other more natural prey was scarce.
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In addition to the thorny proboscis, acanthocephalans are distinguished morphologically as cylindrical and unsegmented worms.
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Alewives caught off the Atlantic coast were found to host the following parasites: acanthocephalans, cestode, trematodes, copepods, and nematodes.
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In addition, I reexamine the controversy regarding the relationships of acanthocephalans and rotifers using all available 18S rRNA sequences.
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The study of Garey et al., which used two genes (18S rRNA and mt 16S rRNA) and B. plicatilis, yielded a tree in which acanthocephalans cluster as modified bdelloids.
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Parsimony analyses recover a paraphyletic Rotifera, where a bdelloid rotifer and acanthocephalans form a monophyletic clade.
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However, among helminth parasites, e.g., trematodes, cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans, this is not the case.
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The acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides is a parasite of vertebrate carnivores which looks a little like a nemertine worm with training wheels.
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Other animals with a pseudocoel, such as rotifers and acanthocephalans, appear to be more closely related to Lophotrochozoa, a large alliance of protostomes that includes molluscs, annelids, brachiopods, etc.
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Unlike the situation in nematodes and platyhelminths, substantial evidence supports a close phylogenetic affinity of acanthocephalans to the predominately free-living rotifers.
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Third, substantial phylogenetic evidence from both morphology and molecular data indicates that acanthocephalans have a close evolutionary relationship with Rotifera.
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The solution of several apicomplexan, acanthocephalan and trematode parasites to this problem is a particularly efficient yet improbable one.
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Information on 113 trematode, 86 cestode, 13 acanthocephalan, 37 nematode, 5 leech, 12 mite, and 15 lice species is included.
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Challenges-Rotifers appear to be very different from acanthocephalans.