"startle by" or "startle at"?

We were both startled by this absence of modeling.

Staring at herself, Eira was startled by the empty, clueless-looking eyes she had.

Especially the one about Mark; I was so startled by it that I got him to repeat it to make sure I had not misunderstood him.

I was startled by the passionate objections of some contributors, when I said I felt that Yorkshire was the most English of all.

One is that a young Tamil (demali) shepherd woman who was carrying a pale of milk from Ambagaha Arawa village to Kiri Kandula village was startled by a nefarious king.

Startled at the disturbance the bear gave chase.

He was startled at the sight of the rod bending so much and started pulling it up.

I imagined myself to be quite alone; but I was startled in the midst of the darkness by a deep sigh.

Startled out of his sleep, Chaton the Cat rushed out of the room and bolted down the stairs as though a thousand demons were at his heels.