Prepositions before nouns

How to use prepositions with soil

Different prepositions with soil express different relationships. In soil and on soil are especially common for location, while soil with describes qualities or contents.

Quick answer

Common prepositions with soil

Use in soil for something inside the ground, on soil for something located on the surface or territory, with soil for mixture or covering, and of soil for composition or type. By soil is uncommon as a direct combination and usually means near soil in a wider sentence.

nutrients in soil
houses built on soil prone to flooding
boots covered with soil
the texture of soil samples

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
in soil

Things inside the ground

Use in soil for roots, chemicals, water, or organisms located within the earth.

bacteria in soil help plants grow
moisture in soil decreased quickly
2
on soil

Location on land or territory

Use on soil for events, buildings, or activities taking place on a particular land area.

the first settlement on soil near the river
crops grown on soil rich in clay
3
with soil

Describing covering or contents

Use with soil when something contains soil or is covered by it.

hands covered with soil
pots filled with soil for seedlings
4
of soil

Describing material or quality

Use of soil to describe composition, type, or characteristics.

the colour of soil changes after rain
samples of soil were collected

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
of soil
The acidity of soil affects crops.
Shows quality or property.
in soil
Earthworms live in soil.
Shows location inside the ground.
with soil
The container was filled with soil.
Shows content or covering.
on soil
The monument stands on soil once used for farming.
Shows position on land.
by soil
The path runs by soil-covered fields.
By usually means near something else; it is not a standard fixed combination with soil.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using by soil as a fixed phrase

By soil is usually not an idiomatic noun phrase. Use near soil or in soil depending on meaning.

✕ Plants grow by soil. ✓ Plants grow in soil.

Confusing in soil and on soil

In soil means inside the ground; on soil means on the land surface.

✕ The roots spread on soil. ✓ The roots spread in soil.

Using with soil for location

With soil describes content or covering, not position.

✕ Minerals found with soil ✓ Minerals found in soil

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The seeds were planted ___ soil rich in nutrients.
2. Her shoes were covered ___ soil after the hike.
3. The composition ___ soil varies by region.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I say on soil?

Yes. On soil refers to something located or happening on land or territory.

Is by soil correct?

Usually no as a fixed phrase. By normally means near something and depends on the wider sentence.

What is the difference between soil and earth?

Soil usually refers to ground used for plant growth, while earth can mean the planet or ground more generally.

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