Prepositions with nouns

Of building or in building?

In building is common when talking about location inside a structure. Of building is usually part of a longer phrase such as the cost of building a house.

Quick answer

Which preposition is correct with building?

Use in building to mean inside a structure or during the activity of constructing something in some contexts. Of building is not usually used directly before the noun building alone, but it appears naturally in phrases like process of building or cost of building.

She works in the building across the street.
The noise came from workers in the building.
The company discussed the cost of building a new bridge.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
in + building

Showing location inside a structure

Use in building or in the building to talk about being inside a structure.

Everyone stayed in the building during the storm.
There is a café in the building lobby.
2
the building of + noun

Referring to construction or creation

The building of something means the process of constructing or developing it.

The building of the bridge took three years.
They supported the building of new schools in rural areas.
3
cost/process/art of building

Using of building after another noun

Of building commonly follows another noun to describe an activity or process.

We estimated the cost of building a garage.
She teaches the art of building furniture.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
in building
Several offices are in the building.
Inside a structure; this is the standard location meaning.
of building
The cost of building a tunnel was very high.
Used after another noun to describe the activity of construction.
building of
The building of the railway changed the region.
A noun phrase meaning the construction or creation of something.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using of building alone for location

Of building does not normally mean inside a building.

✕ She waited of building. ✓ She waited in the building.

Missing an article with a specific building

Use the building when both speakers know which building you mean.

✕ He is in building near the station. ✓ He is in the building near the station.

Confusing building with building process

Building can mean a structure or the act of construction. The preposition changes with the meaning.

✕ The in building of the road continued all year. ✓ The building of the road continued all year.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. All employees must stay ___ the building during the drill.
2. The cost ___ building the stadium increased.
3. The ___ of the new library began in May.

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Frequently asked questions

Is in building always correct?

It is correct for location inside a structure. In building can also appear in technical phrases such as skills used in building houses.

Can I say of building a house?

Yes, but usually after another noun, such as cost of building a house or process of building a house.

What does the building of mean?

It refers to the act or process of constructing or creating something.

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