Prepositions after verbs

Withhold from, by, in, on, or for?

Withhold is most commonly followed by from when someone is denied something. Other prepositions usually belong to different sentence parts rather than forming a fixed pattern with the verb.

Quick answer

The usual pattern is withhold something from someone

Use withhold from when a person, group, or organisation does not give something to someone. Withhold for is possible in specific contexts such as reserving payment or information for later use. By, in, and on are usually separate adjuncts, not fixed combinations with withhold.

The agency withheld the report from the public.
She withheld key details from her lawyer.
The bonus was withheld for six months.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
withhold something from + person/group

Who does not receive something?

Use from to show the person or group denied information, money, support, or permission.

They withheld the evidence from the court.
Parents should not withhold affection from children.
2
withhold + payment/funds for + purpose or period

Why or how long is something withheld?

For can express a reason, purpose, or period connected to the withholding.

Taxes were withheld for retirement contributions.
His salary was withheld for two weeks.
3
withhold + object

Using withhold without a following preposition

The verb can stand alone when the context already makes the affected person clear.

The editor decided to withhold publication.
Doctors may withhold treatment in rare cases.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
withhold from
The company withheld information from investors.
Standard pattern meaning not to give something to someone.
withhold for
Part of his pay was withheld for tax purposes.
Used for reasons, purposes, or periods rather than the affected person.
withhold by
The data was withheld by the publisher.
By introduces the agent in a passive sentence, not a fixed verb-preposition pattern.
withhold in
They withheld details in the official statement.
In introduces the place or context where the withholding happened.
withhold on
The committee withheld comment on the proposal.
On introduces the topic of comment; it is not a regular pattern selected by withhold.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using by after withhold to mean deny someone something

Use from for the affected person.

✕ They withheld the documents by the client. ✓ They withheld the documents from the client.

Confusing for and from

From introduces the person affected. For usually gives a reason or duration.

✕ The bank withheld the refund for customers. ✓ The bank withheld the refund from customers.

Adding an unnecessary preposition

Withhold can take a direct object without a preposition.

✕ The editor withheld from publication the article. ✓ The editor withheld the article from publication.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The school withheld the records ___ the parents.
2. Part of her income was withheld ___ tax reasons.
3. The statement withheld details ___ the investigation.

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Frequently asked questions

Is withhold from the most common pattern?

Yes. It is the standard pattern when someone is denied something.

Can I say withhold for?

Yes, especially for reasons, purposes, or periods, such as withheld for tax purposes.

Is withhold by correct?

Only in passive structures such as withheld by the company. It is not a regular verb-preposition combination.

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