Summarize can be followed by in to show the form or language of a summary. By introduces the method used to summarize something.
Use summarize in when referring to the format, language, or number of words. Use summarize by when explaining the method used to create the summary.
These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.
Summarize often takes a direct object without a preposition.
Use in for the form, style, language, or length of the summary.
Use by to explain the method used to summarize.
The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.
Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.
Use in for the form or size of the summary.
✕ Please summarize by one paragraph. ✓ Please summarize in one paragraph.By should introduce an action or method.
✕ The article was summarized by briefly. ✓ The article was summarized briefly.Summarize often takes a direct object directly.
✕ Can you summarize about the issue? ✓ Can you summarize the issue?In describes the form of the summary; by describes the method.
✕ She summarized in listing key points. ✓ She summarized by listing key points.Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.
Paste the complete sentence below. Linguix checks the preposition together with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style.
Yes. Use summarize in to describe the form, language, or length of the summary.
Use summarize by when introducing the method used to create the summary.
Not always. It often takes a direct object directly, as in summarize the report.
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