Prepositions after verbs

Replicate in or replicate by

Replicate usually takes a direct object or appears in passive structures with by. In often introduces a place, field, or medium rather than forming a fixed verb pattern.

Quick answer

How is replicate used with prepositions?

Use replicate something for copying or reproducing something. Use replicated by in passive constructions to name the method or agent. Replicate in usually introduces a location, field, or medium.

replicate the experiment
The effect was replicated by computer simulation
Researchers replicated the pattern in different environments

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
replicate + object

Copying or reproducing something

Replicate commonly takes a direct object without a preposition.

replicate the results
The artist tried to replicate the texture
2
be replicated by + method/person

Passive use with by

By introduces the agent or method in passive clauses.

The process can be replicated by trained technicians
The image was replicated by software
3
replicate in + place/field

Showing where replication occurs

In usually introduces a context or environment, not a fixed verb pattern.

The study was replicated in several countries
The behaviour appears to replicate in online spaces

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
replicate + object
Scientists replicated the experiment.
standard direct-object pattern
replicated by
The effect was replicated by another team.
passive form naming the agent
replicate in
The findings were replicated in clinical trials.
in introduces the setting or context
replicate by
They replicated the process by using open-source tools.
by introduces method, not a fixed complement

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Adding unnecessary in after replicate

Replicate usually takes a direct object.

✕ replicate in the model ✓ replicate the model

Confusing method with object

By can introduce a method, but not the thing copied.

✕ replicate by the data ✓ replicate the data

Using passive structure incorrectly

By works naturally in passive clauses.

✕ The team replicated by automation. ✓ The process was replicated by automation.

Using in as the main complement

In normally adds location or context information.

✕ replicate in the results ✓ replicate the results

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. Researchers managed to ___ the experiment.
2. The process was replicated ___ software.
3. The findings were replicated ___ multiple laboratories.

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Frequently asked questions

Does replicate need a preposition?

Usually no. Replicate commonly takes a direct object.

When is by used with replicate?

By is common in passive structures to name the method or agent.

Can I say replicate in science?

Yes, when in introduces a field, environment, or location.

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