Preposition after verb

Infringe on or infringe upon?

Both infringe on and infringe upon are correct. Upon is usually more formal.

Quick answer

Should I use infringe on or infringe upon?

Use infringe on in most everyday and professional writing. Infringe upon has the same meaning but sounds more formal or legalistic.

The new law may infringe on privacy rights.
The construction project infringed upon protected land.
These rules should not infringe on free speech.

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
infringe on + rights

Talking about violating rights or limits

Infringe on is the most common modern pattern.

The policy could infringe on personal freedoms.
The expansion infringes on neighbouring property.
2
infringe upon + rights

Using a more formal style

Infringe upon has the same meaning as infringe on but sounds more formal.

The measures infringed upon constitutional rights.
No action should infringe upon human dignity.
3
infringe + copyright

Using infringe with direct objects

In legal English, infringe can directly take nouns such as copyright, patent, or trademark.

The company infringed copyright laws.
They were accused of infringing patents abroad.

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
infringe on
The decision infringes on employee rights.
Standard and widely used pattern.
infringe upon
The rule infringes upon academic freedom.
More formal variant with the same meaning.
infringe + object
The app infringed copyright.
Direct object pattern common in legal contexts.

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using the wrong preposition after infringe

On and upon are the normal choices after infringe.

✕ The law infringes against our rights. ✓ The law infringes on our rights.

Using infringe for minor inconvenience

Infringe usually refers to violating rights, laws, or limits.

✕ The noise infringed on my breakfast. ✓ The noise disturbed my breakfast.

Adding unnecessary articles

Rights and freedoms are often used without the before a general plural noun.

✕ The policy infringes on the privacy rights. ✓ The policy infringes on privacy rights.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. The proposal may infringe ___ workers' rights.
2. The regulation infringed ___ constitutional protections.
3. Choose the correct sentence.

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Frequently asked questions

Is infringe upon old-fashioned?

Not exactly, but it is more formal and more common in legal or official writing.

Can infringe take a direct object?

Yes. Legal nouns such as copyright, patent, and trademark can directly follow infringe.

Which is more common in everyday English: on or upon?

On is more natural in most modern everyday and business writing.

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