Espouse usually takes a direct object without a preposition. Espouse by and espouse in are generally not standard verb-preposition combinations.
Use espouse directly before an idea, belief, or cause, as in espouse democratic values. By and in are not normally used as fixed prepositions after espouse.
These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.
Espouse is usually followed directly by the belief, policy, or principle being supported.
Use espouse with political, social, or ethical positions.
By can appear in passive constructions to name who supports an idea.
The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.
Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.
Espouse usually takes a direct object.
✕ They espouse in democracy. ✓ They espouse democracy.By is generally used only in passive structures.
✕ She espoused by liberal thinkers the theory. ✓ The theory was espoused by liberal thinkers.In can describe a context but is not selected by espouse itself.
✕ The group espouses in equality. ✓ The group espouses equality.Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.
Paste the complete sentence below. Linguix checks the preposition together with grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style.
No. Espouse normally takes a direct object, such as espouse reform or espouse equality.
Yes, in passive structures like The theory was espoused by scholars.
In usually introduces a context or field, as in equality in education, rather than functioning as a fixed preposition after espouse.
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