Prepositions after verbs

"err on" or "err in"?

Err on is common in expressions such as err on the side of caution. Err in is used when describing the area or aspect where a mistake occurs.

Quick answer

Should you use err on or err in?

Use err on mainly in the expression err on the side of something. Use err in to identify the area where someone made a mistake. The meanings are different, so the choice depends on context.

We decided to err on the side of caution
The report erred in its calculations
Judges should not err on the side of severity
The article erred in several details

Choose the pattern by meaning

These forms are not interchangeable. Choose the construction by meaning, not by which preposition appears most often.

1
err on the side of + quality

Choosing a safer or stronger option

This fixed expression means to prefer caution, generosity, strictness, or another quality.

The company chose to err on the side of caution
Doctors often err on the side of safety
2
err in + area

Identifying where a mistake happened

Use in to specify the field, detail, or aspect containing the error.

The accountant erred in the final figures
The historian erred in dating the event
3
err by + amount

Showing the size of an error

By can introduce the amount or degree of error.

The estimate erred by several metres
4
err toward + tendency

Showing a tendency or preference

Toward is sometimes used to describe leaning in a direction.

The committee tended to err toward optimism

See the difference in context

The same subject can take different constructions because each sentence answers a different question.

Construction
Example
Meaning
err on
It is better to err on the side of caution.
fixed idiomatic expression about choosing a safer approach
err in
The witness erred in describing the timeline.
standard use for the area where a mistake occurs
err by
The measurement erred by two centimetres.
shows the amount of error
err toward
The editor tended to err toward shorter sentences.
describes a tendency or preference

Common mistakes

Some combinations appear in real text but do not mean what learners often assume.

Using err on without the full expression

Err on usually appears in the phrase on the side of.

✕ The manager erred on caution. ✓ The manager erred on the side of caution.

Using err in for preferences

Use err on the side of for cautious choices.

✕ They erred in caution. ✓ They erred on the side of caution.

Confusing error location and degree

In identifies where the mistake happened; by shows the amount.

✕ The calculation erred in five percent. ✓ The calculation erred by five percent.

Using err on for factual mistakes

Use err in when discussing incorrect details or reasoning.

✕ The article erred on the statistics. ✓ The article erred in the statistics.

Quick practice

Choose the expression that matches the intended meaning.

1. To avoid risk, the team decided to err ___ the side of caution.
2. The report erred ___ several financial details.
3. The estimate erred ___ about three percent.

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Frequently asked questions

What does err on the side of caution mean?

It means choosing the safer or less risky option.

Is err in correct English?

Yes. Use err in to identify the area, detail, or subject where a mistake occurred.

Can err on and err in have the same meaning?

No. Err on usually refers to a cautious preference, while err in refers to the place or aspect of an error.

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